Available-for-Sale Debt Investments and Equity Investments

The following table summarizes our available-for-sale debt investments and equity investments (in millions):



	April 27, 2019		July 28, 2018
Available-for-sale debt investments	$	24,387	$	37,009
Marketable equity securities	5		605
Total investments	24,392		37,614
Non-marketable equity securities included in other assets ⁽¹⁾	1,135		978
Equity method investments included in other assets	115		118
Total	$	25,642	$	38,710

⁽¹⁾ We held equity interests in certain private equity funds of $0.6 billion as of April 27, 2019 which are accounted for under the NAV practical expedient following the adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments, in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.


(a)	Summary of Available-for-Sale Debt Investments

The following tables summarize our available-for-sale debt investments (in millions):



April 27, 2019	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. government securities	$	1,455	$	1	$	(4	)	$	1,452
U.S. government agency securities	264		—		(1		)	263
Corporate debt securities	21,307		40		(115		)	21,232
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities	1,465		3		(28		)	1,440
Total ⁽¹⁾	$	24,491	$	44	$	(148	)	$	24,387



July 28, 2018	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. government securities	$	7,318	$	—	$	(43	)	$	7,275
U.S. government agency securities	732		—		(5		)	727
Non-U.S. government and agency securities	209		—		(1		)	208
Corporate debt securities	27,765		44		(445		)	27,364
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities	1,488		—		(53		)	1,435
Total ⁽¹⁾	$	37,512	$	44	$	(547	)	$	37,009

⁽¹⁾ Net unsettled investment purchases were $1 million and net unsettled investment sales were $1.5 billion as of April 27, 2019 and July 28, 2018, respectively and were included in other current assets and other current liabilities.

Non-U.S. government and agency securities include agency and corporate debt securities that are guaranteed by non-U.S. governments.

The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses related to available-for-sale debt investments (in millions):



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	April 27, 2019			April 28, 2018			April 27, 2019			April 28, 2018
Gross realized gains	$	7		$	1		$	10		$	15
Gross realized losses	(14		)	(40		)	(28		)	(146		)
Total	$	(7	)	$	(39	)	$	(18	)	$	(131	)

The following tables present the breakdown of the available-for-sale debt investments with gross unrealized losses and the duration that those losses had been unrealized at April 27, 2019 and July 28, 2018 (in millions):



	UNREALIZED LOSSES LESS THAN 12 MONTHS					UNREALIZED LOSSES 12 MONTHS OR GREATER					TOTAL
April 27, 2019	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. government securities	$	8	$	—		$	1,409	$	(4	)	$	1,417	$	(4	)
U.S. government agency securities	—		—			263		(1		)	263		(1		)
Corporate debt securities	1,851		(7		)	12,662		(108		)	14,513		(115		)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities	48		—			1,155		(28		)	1,203		(28		)
Total	$	1,907	$	(7	)	$	15,489	$	(141	)	$	17,396	$	(148	)



	UNREALIZED LOSSES LESS THAN 12 MONTHS					UNREALIZED LOSSES 12 MONTHS OR GREATER					TOTAL
July 28, 2018	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. government securities	$	2,966	$	(20	)	$	4,303	$	(23	)	$	7,269	$	(43	)
U.S. government agency securities	206		(2		)	521		(3		)	727		(5		)
Non-U.S. government and agency securities	105		(1		)	103		—			208		(1		)
Corporate debt securities	16,990		(344		)	3,511		(101		)	20,501		(445		)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities	826		(24		)	581		(29		)	1,407		(53		)
Total	$	21,093	$	(391	)	$	9,019	$	(156	)	$	30,112	$	(547	)

There were no impairment charges related to our available-for-sale debt investments for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019, and for the corresponding periods of fiscal 2018. For available-for-sale debt investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of April 27, 2019, we have determined that no other-than-temporary impairments were required to be recognized.

The following table summarizes the maturities of our available-for-sale debt investments as of April 27, 2019 (in millions):



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within 1 year	$	7,363	$	7,353
After 1 year through 5 years	13,892		13,826
After 5 years through 10 years	1,760		1,756
After 10 years	11		12
Mortgage-backed securities with no single maturity	1,465		1,440
Total	$	24,491	$	24,387

Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.


(b)	Summary of Equity Investments

We recorded adjustments to the carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities measured using the measurement alternative during the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 as follows (in millions):



	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	April 27, 2019			April 27, 2019
Adjustments to non-marketable equity securities measured using the measurement alternative:
Upward adjustments	$	9		$	33
Downward adjustments, including impairments	(4		)	(22		)
Net upward adjustments	$	5		$	11

Gains and losses recognized on our marketable and non-marketable equity securities for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 are summarized below (in millions):



	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	April 27, 2019			April 27, 2019
Net gains and losses recognized during the period on equity investments	$	3		$	78
Less: Net gains and losses recognized on equity investments sold	(44		)	(51		)
Unrealized gains and losses recognized during reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(41	)	$	27


(c)	Securities Lending

We periodically engage in securities lending activities with certain of our available-for-sale debt investments. These transactions are accounted for as a secured lending of the securities, and the securities are typically loaned only on an overnight basis. The average daily balance of securities lending was $1.3 billion and $0.3 billion for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. We require collateral equal to at least 102% of the fair market value of the loaned security and that the collateral be in the form of cash or liquid, high-quality assets. We engage in these secured lending transactions only with highly creditworthy counterparties, and the associated portfolio custodian has agreed to indemnify us against collateral losses. We did not experience any losses in connection with the secured lending of securities during the periods presented. As of April 27, 2019 and July 28, 2018, we had no outstanding securities lending transactions.


(d)	Variable Interest Entities

In the ordinary course of business, we have investments in privately held companies and provide financing to certain customers. These privately held companies and customers are evaluated for consolidation under the variable interest or voting interest entity models. We evaluate on an ongoing basis our investments in these privately held companies and our customer financings, and have determined that as of April 27, 2019, there were no significant variable interest or voting interest entities required to be consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of April 27, 2019, the carrying value of investments in privately held companies was $1.3 billion. $683 million of such investments are considered to be in variable interest entities which are unconsolidated. We have total funding commitments of $345 million related to these privately held investments, some of which are based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones, and some of which are required to be funded on demand. The carrying value of these investments and the additional funding commitments collectively represent our maximum exposure related to these privately held investments.