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Fair Value | 12 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value | Fair Value (a)Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):
| JULY 31, 2021 |  | JULY 25, 2020
| FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |  | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Total Balance |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Balance
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 5,694 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,694 |  |  | $ | 9,687 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,687 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 114 |  |  | 114 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
U.S. government securities | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Available-for-sale debt investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities | — |  |  | 1,794 |  |  | 1,794 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,685 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,685 |
U.S. government agency securities | — |  |  | 152 |  |  | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 8,910 |  |  | 8,910 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,877 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,877 |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 2,862 |  |  | 2,862 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,035 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,035 |
Non-U.S. government agency securities | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | — |  |  | 727 |  |  | — |  |  | 727 |
Certificates of deposit | — |  |  | 295 |  |  | 295 |  |  | — |  |  | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | 176 |
Equity investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable equity securities | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | 750 |  |  | — |  |  | 750 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | — |  |  | 126 |  |  | 126 |  |  | — |  |  | 190 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 191 |
Total | $ | 6,581 |  |  | $ | 15,746 |  |  | $ | 22,327 |  |  | $ | 9,687 |  |  | $ | 17,808 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 27,496 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |
Level 1 marketable securities are determined by using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 2 available-for-sale debt investments are priced using quoted market prices for similar instruments or nonbinding market prices that are corroborated by observable market data. Our derivative instruments are primarily classified as Level 2, as they are not actively traded and are valued using pricing models that use observable market inputs. We did not have any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the periods presented. Level 3 assets include certain derivative instruments, the values of which are determined based on discounted cash flow models using inputs that we could not corroborate with market data. (b)Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis The carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities measured using the measurement alternative recorded to fair value on a non-recurring basis is adjusted for observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or impairment. These securities are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because we estimate the value based on valuation methods using the observable transaction price at the transaction date and other unobservable inputs such as volatility, rights, and obligations of the securities we hold. (c)Other Fair Value Disclosures The fair value of our short-term loan receivables and financed service contracts approximates their carrying value due to their short duration. The aggregate carrying value of our long-term loan receivables and financed service contracts as of July 31, 2021 and July 25, 2020 was $4.0 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively. The estimated fair value of our long-term loan receivables and financed service contracts approximates their carrying value. We use significant unobservable inputs in determining discounted cash flows to estimate the fair value of our long-term loan receivables and financed service contracts, and therefore they are categorized as Level 3.As of July 31, 2021 and July 25, 2020, the estimated fair value of our short-term debt approximates its carrying value due to the short maturities. As of July 31, 2021, the fair value of our senior notes was $13.7 billion, with a carrying amount of $11.5 billion. This compares to a fair value of $17.4 billion and a carrying amount of $14.6 billion as of July 25, 2020. The fair value of the senior notes was determined based on observable market prices in a less active market and was categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123874694&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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