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Available-for-Sale Debt and Equity Investments | 12 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Available-for-Sale Debt and Equity Investments | Available-for-Sale Debt and Equity Investments (a)Summary of Available-for-Sale Debt Investments The following tables summarize our available-for-sale debt investments (in millions):
July 31, 2021 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized and Credit Losses |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities | $ | 1,773 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,794 |
U.S. government agency securities | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |
Non-U.S. government and agency securities | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Corporate debt securities | 8,727 |  |  | 213 |  |  | (30) |  |  | 8,910 |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 2,838 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 2,862 |
Commercial paper | 1,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,190 |
Certificates of deposit | 295 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 295 |
Total | $ | 14,978 |  |  | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | (40) |  |  | $ | 15,206 |
July 25, 2020 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities | $ | 2,614 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,685 |
U.S. government agency securities | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |
Corporate debt securities | 11,549 |  |  | 334 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 11,877 |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 1,987 |  |  | 49 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2,035 |
Commercial paper | 727 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 727 |
Certificates of deposit | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 176 |
Total | $ | 17,163 |  |  | $ | 454 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 17,610 |
The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses related to available-for-sale debt investments (in millions):
Years Ended | July 31, 2021 |  | July 25, 2020 |  | July 27, 2019
Gross realized gains | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 17 |
Gross realized losses | (2) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (30) |
Total | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | (13) |
The following tables present the breakdown of the available-for-sale debt investments with gross unrealized losses and the duration that those losses had been unrealized at July 31, 2021 and July 25, 2020 (in millions):
| UNREALIZED LOSSES LESS THAN 12 MONTHS |  | UNREALIZED LOSSES 12 MONTHS OR GREATER |  | TOTAL
July 31, 2021 | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. government securities | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. government agency securities | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 1,086 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,092 |  |  | (5) |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 1,293 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,306 |  |  | (10) |
Commercial paper | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 2,910 |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,929 |  |  | $ | (15) |
| UNREALIZED LOSSES LESS THAN 12 MONTHS |  | UNREALIZED LOSSES 12 MONTHS OR GREATER |  | TOTAL
July 25, 2020 | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate debt securities | 1,060 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,063 |  |  | (6) |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 265 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 265 |  |  | (1) |
Total | $ | 1,358 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | (7) |
The following table summarizes the maturities of our available-for-sale debt investments as of July 31, 2021 (in millions):
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Within 1 year | $ | 4,981 |  |  | $ | 4,976 |
After 1 year through 5 years | 6,517 |  |  | 6,677 |
After 5 years through 10 years | 637 |  |  | 685 |
After 10 years | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Mortgage-backed securities with no single maturity | 2,838 |  |  | 2,862 |
Total | $ | 14,978 |  |  | $ | 15,206 |
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations. (b)Summary of Equity Investments We recognized a net unrealized gain during fiscal 2021 on our marketable securities still held as of the reporting date of $8 million. Our net adjustments to non-marketable equity securities measured using the measurement alternative still held was a net gain of $39 million and a net loss of $13 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. We held equity interests in certain private equity funds of $0.9 billion and $0.7 billion as of July 31, 2021 and July 25, 2020, respectively, which are accounted for under the NAV practical expedient. In the ordinary course of business, we have investments in privately held companies and provide financing to certain customers. These privately held companies and customers are evaluated for consolidation under the variable interest or voting interest entity models. We evaluate on an ongoing basis our investments in these privately held companies and our customer financings, and have determined that as of July 31, 2021, there were no significant variable interest or voting interest entities required to be consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. As of July 31, 2021, the carrying value of our investments in privately held companies was $1.5 billion. Of the total carrying value of our investments in privately held companies as of July 31, 2021, $0.9 billion of such investments are considered to be in variable interest entities which are unconsolidated. We have total funding commitments of $0.2 billion related to privately held investments, some of which may be based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones, and some of which are required to be funded on demand. The carrying value of these investments and the additional funding commitments collectively represent our maximum exposure related to privately held investments.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2209399 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 946 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2324412 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 940 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2176304 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-K (SK) -Number 229 -Section 1403 -Paragraph (b) + Details
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