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Segment Information and Major Customers
 12 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information and Major Customers Segment Information and Major Customers
(a)Revenue and Gross Margin by Segment
We conduct business globally and are primarily managed on a geographic basis consisting of three segments: the Americas, EMEA, and APJC. Our management makes financial decisions and allocates resources based on the information it receives from our internal management system. Sales are attributed to a segment based on the ordering location of the customer. We do not allocate research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to our segments in this internal management system because management does not include the information in our measurement of the performance of the operating segments. In addition, we do not allocate amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, significant litigation settlements and other contingencies, charges related to asset impairments and restructurings, and certain other charges to the gross margin for each segment because management does not include this information in our measurement of the performance of the operating segments.
Summarized financial information by segment for fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, based on our internal management system and as utilized by our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), is as follows (in millions):
Years EndedJuly 31, 2021July 25, 2020July 27, 2019
Revenue:
Americas$29,161 $29,291 $30,927 
EMEA12,951 12,659 13,100 
APJC7,706 7,352 7,877 
Total$49,818 $49,301 $51,904 
Gross margin:
Americas$19,499 $19,547 $20,338 
EMEA8,466 8,304 8,457 
APJC4,949 4,688 4,683 
Segment total32,914 32,538 33,479 
Unallocated corporate items(1,020)(855)(813)
Total$31,894 $31,683 $32,666 
Amounts may not sum due to rounding.
Revenue in the United States was $26.1 billion, $26.1 billion, and $27.4 billion for fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
(b)Revenue for Groups of Similar Products and Services
We design and sell IP-based networking and other products related to the communications and IT industry and provide services associated with these products and their use.
The following table presents revenue for groups of similar products and services (in millions):
Years EndedJuly 31, 2021July 25, 2020July 27, 2019
Revenue:
Infrastructure Platforms$27,109 $27,219 $30,184 
Applications5,504 5,568 5,803 
Security3,382 3,158 2,822 
Other Products19 33 196 
Total Product36,014 35,978 39,005 
Services13,804 13,323 12,899 
Total (1)
$49,818 $49,301 $51,904 
(1) Includes SPVSS business revenue of $168 million for fiscal 2019.
Amounts may not sum due to rounding. We have made certain reclassifications to the product revenue amounts for prior years to conform to the current year’s presentation.
(c)Additional Segment Information
The majority of our assets as of July 31, 2021 and July 25, 2020 were attributable to our U.S. operations. In fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue.
Our long-lived assets are based on the physical location of the assets. The following table presents our long-lived assets, which consists of property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets information for geographic areas (in millions):
July 31, 2021July 25, 2020July 27, 2019
Long-lived assets:
United States$2,189 $2,328 $2,266 
International1,244 1,046 523 
Total$3,433 $3,374 $2,789