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Employee Benefit Plans | 6 Months Ended
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Jan. 28, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Employee Benefit Plans | Employee Benefit Plans (a)Employee Stock Incentive Plans We have one stock incentive plan: the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”). In addition, we have, in connection with our acquisitions of various companies, assumed the share-based awards granted under stock incentive plans of the acquired companies or issued share-based awards in replacement thereof. Share-based awards are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions to us and provide incentives for them to remain with us. The number and frequency of share-based awards are based on competitive practices, our operating results, government regulations, and other factors. Our primary stock incentive plan is summarized as follows: The 2005 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock grants, stock units and stock appreciation rights (SARs), the vesting of which may be time-based or upon satisfaction of performance goals, or both, and/or other conditions. Employees (including employee directors and executive officers) and consultants of Cisco and its subsidiaries and affiliates and non-employee directors of Cisco are eligible to participate in the 2005 Plan. The 2005 Plan may be terminated by our Board of Directors at any time and for any reason, and is currently set to terminate at the 2030 Annual Meeting unless re-adopted or extended by our stockholders prior to or on such date. Under the 2005 Plan’s share reserve feature, a distinction is made between the number of shares in the reserve attributable to (i) stock options and SARs and (ii) “full value” awards (i.e., stock grants and stock units). Shares issued as stock grants, pursuant to stock units or pursuant to the settlement of dividend equivalents are counted against shares available for issuance under the 2005 Plan on a 1.5-to-1 ratio. For each share awarded as restricted stock or a restricted stock unit award under the 2005 Plan, 1.5 shares was deducted from the available share-based award balance. If awards issued under the 2005 Plan are forfeited or terminated for any reason before being exercised or settled, then the shares underlying such awards, plus the number of additional shares, if any, that counted against shares available for issuance under the 2005 Plan at the time of grant as a result of the application of the share ratio described above, will become available again for issuance under the 2005 Plan. As of January 28, 2023, 133 million shares were authorized for future grant under the 2005 Plan. (b)Employee Stock Purchase Plan We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan under which eligible employees are offered shares through a 24-month offering period, which consists of four consecutive 6-month purchase periods. Employees may purchase a limited amount of shares of our stock at a discount of up to 15% of the lesser of the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or the end of each 6-month purchase period. The Employee Stock Purchase Plan is scheduled to terminate on the earlier of (i) January 3, 2030 and (ii) the date on which all shares available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan are sold pursuant to exercised purchase rights. Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, we issued 9 million shares during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023 and 8 million shares during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2022. As of January 28, 2023, 98 million shares were available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (c)Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense Share-based compensation expense consists primarily of expenses for RSUs, stock purchase rights, and stock options, granted to employees or assumed from acquisitions. The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):
| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| January 28, 2023 |  | January 29, 2022 |  | January 28, 2023 |  | January 29, 2022
Cost of sales—product | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 54 |
Cost of sales—service | 66 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 96 |
Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales | 106 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 150 |
Research and development | 261 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 386 |
Sales and marketing | 166 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 282 |
General and administrative | 71 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 111 |
Restructuring and other charges | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | 1 |
Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses | 495 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 780 |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | 477 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 930 |
Income tax benefit for share-based compensation | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 256 |
As of January 28, 2023, the total compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards not yet recognized was $5.3 billion which is expected to be recognized over approximately 2.5 years on a weighted-average basis. (d)Restricted Stock Unit Awards A summary of the restricted stock and stock unit activity, which includes time-based and performance-based or market-based RSUs, is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
| Restricted Stock/ Stock Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share |  | Aggregate Fair Value
Unvested balance at July 31, 2021 | 94 |  |  | $ | 42.93 |  |  |
Granted and assumed | 52 |  |  | 50.06 |  |  |
Vested | (37) |  |  | 42.27 |  |  | $ | 1,979 |
Canceled/forfeited/other | (12) |  |  | 45.63 |  |  |
Unvested balance at July 30, 2022 | 97 |  |  | $ | 46.67 |  |  |
Granted and assumed | 56 |  |  | 40.62 |  |  |
Vested | (21) |  |  | 47.39 |  |  | $ | 923 |
Canceled/forfeited/other | (5) |  |  | 45.73 |  |  |
Unvested balance at January 28, 2023 | 127 |  |  | $ | 43.92 |  |  |

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