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Investments | 3 Months Ended
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Oct. 28, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments (a)Summary of Available-for-Sale Debt Investments The following tables summarize our available-for-sale debt investments (in millions):
October 28, 2023 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized and Credit Losses |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities | $ | 2,596 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (72) |  |  | $ | 2,524 |
U.S. government agency securities | 421 |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | 415 |
Non-U.S. government and agency securities | 351 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 351 |
Corporate debt securities | 6,862 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (363) |  |  | 6,500 |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 2,431 |  |  | — |  |  | (318) |  |  | 2,113 |
Commercial paper | 943 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 943 |
Certificates of deposit | 666 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 666 |
Total | $ | 14,270 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (759) |  |  | $ | 13,512 |
July 29, 2023 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized and Credit Losses |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities | $ | 3,587 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (62) |  |  | $ | 3,526 |
U.S. government agency securities | 428 |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | 423 |
Non-U.S. government and agency securities | 364 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 363 |
Corporate debt securities | 7,238 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (327) |  |  | 6,914 |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 2,421 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (230) |  |  | 2,205 |
Commercial paper | 1,484 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,484 |
Certificates of deposit | 677 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 677 |
Total | $ | 16,199 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | (625) |  |  | $ | 15,592 |
The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses related to available-for-sale debt investments (in millions):
| Three Months Ended
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022
Gross realized gains | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Gross realized losses | (20) |  |  | (6) |
Total | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | (6) |
The following tables present the breakdown of the available-for-sale debt investments with gross unrealized losses and the duration that those losses had been unrealized at October 28, 2023 and July 29, 2023 (in millions):
| UNREALIZED LOSSES LESS THAN 12 MONTHS |  | UNREALIZED LOSSES 12 MONTHS OR GREATER |  | TOTAL
October 28, 2023 | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. government securities | $ | 1,844 |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | $ | 680 |  |  | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | 2,524 |  |  | $ | (72) |
U.S. government agency securities | 377 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 38 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 415 |  |  | (6) |
Non-U.S. government and agency securities | 324 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 324 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 1,679 |  |  | (29) |  |  | 4,275 |  |  | (304) |  |  | 5,954 |  |  | (333) |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 798 |  |  | (45) |  |  | 1,315 |  |  | (273) |  |  | 2,113 |  |  | (318) |
Commercial paper | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 5,042 |  |  | $ | (115) |  |  | $ | 6,308 |  |  | $ | (614) |  |  | $ | 11,350 |  |  | $ | (729) |
| UNREALIZED LOSSES LESS THAN 12 MONTHS |  | UNREALIZED LOSSES 12 MONTHS OR GREATER |  | TOTAL
July 29, 2023 | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. government securities | $ | 2,394 |  |  | $ | (26) |  |  | $ | 931 |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  | $ | 3,325 |  |  | $ | (62) |
U.S. government agency securities | 343 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 72 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 415 |  |  | (5) |
Non-U.S. government and agency securities | 363 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 363 |  |  | (1) |
Corporate debt securities | 1,736 |  |  | (22) |  |  | 4,315 |  |  | (275) |  |  | 6,051 |  |  | (297) |
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 658 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 1,438 |  |  | (217) |  |  | 2,096 |  |  | (230) |
Commercial paper | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 5,593 |  |  | $ | (64) |  |  | $ | 6,756 |  |  | $ | (531) |  |  | $ | 12,349 |  |  | $ | (595) |
The following table summarizes the maturities of our available-for-sale debt investments as of October 28, 2023 (in millions):
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Within 1 year | $ | 4,201 |  |  | $ | 4,152 |
After 1 year through 5 years | 7,627 |  |  | 7,236 |
After 5 years through 10 years | 9 |  |  | 9 |
After 10 years | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Mortgage-backed securities with no single maturity | 2,431 |  |  | 2,113 |
Total | $ | 14,270 |  |  | $ | 13,512 |
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations. (b)Summary of Equity Investments We held marketable equity securities of $409 million and $431 million as of October 28, 2023 and July 29, 2023, respectively. We recognized a net unrealized loss of $42 million and $20 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively, on our marketable securities still held as of the reporting date. Our net adjustments to non-marketable equity securities measured using the measurement alternative still held was a net loss of $12 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2023. These adjustments were not material for the first quarter of fiscal 2024. We held equity interests in certain private equity funds of $0.9 billion as of each of October 28, 2023 and July 29, 2023, which are accounted for under the NAV practical expedient. In the ordinary course of business, we have investments in privately held companies and provide financing to certain customers. These privately held companies and customers are evaluated for consolidation under the variable interest or voting interest entity models. We evaluate on an ongoing basis our investments in these privately held companies and our customer financings, and have determined that as of October 28, 2023, there were no additional significant variable interest or voting interest entities required to be consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. The carrying value of our investments in privately held companies was $1.8 billion as of each of October 28, 2023 and July 29, 2023. Of the total carrying value of our investments in privately held companies as of October 28, 2023, $0.9 billion of such investments are considered to be in variable interest entities which are unconsolidated. As of October 28, 2023, we have total funding commitments of $0.3 billion related to privately held investments, some of which may be based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones or are required to be funded on demand. The carrying value of these investments and the additional funding commitments, collectively, represent our maximum exposure related to privately held investments.

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