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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Intangible asset balances by major asset class | The following tables present the company's intangible asset balances by major asset class.
|  | At March 31, 2025
(Dollars in millions) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount (1)
Intangible asset class: |  |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | (409) |  |  | $ | 838 |
Client relationships |  | 10,993 |  |  | (4,695) |  |  | 6,298 |
Completed technology |  | 7,128 |  |  | (3,391) |  |  | 3,737 |
Patents/trademarks |  | 1,968 |  |  | (556) |  |  | 1,412 |
Other (2) |  | 139 |  |  | (33) |  |  | 106 |
Total |  | $ | 21,475 |  |  | $ | (9,084) |  |  | $ | 12,392 |
|  | At December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount (1)
Intangible asset class: |  |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software |  | $ | 1,282 |  |  | $ | (492) |  |  | $ | 790 |
Client relationships |  | 9,704 |  |  | (4,387) |  |  | 5,317 |
Completed technology |  | 6,297 |  |  | (3,164) |  |  | 3,132 |
Patents/trademarks |  | 1,826 |  |  | (519) |  |  | 1,307 |
Other (2) |  | 138 |  |  | (24) |  |  | 114 |
Total |  | $ | 19,247 |  |  | $ | (8,587) |  |  | $ | 10,660 |
(1)Amounts as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include an increase in the net intangible asset balance of $63 million and a decrease in the net intangible asset balance of $126 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation. (2)Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary technology licenses, data, business processes, methodologies and systems.
Intangible assets, future amortization expense | The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was estimated to be the following at March 31, 2025:
(Dollars in millions) |  | Capitalized Software |  | Acquired Intangibles |  | Total
Remainder of 2025 |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 1,665 |  |  | $ | 2,005 |
2026 |  | 320 |  |  | 2,178 |  |  | 2,498 |
2027 |  | 163 |  |  | 2,135 |  |  | 2,299 |
2028 |  | 15 |  |  | 1,835 |  |  | 1,850 |
2029 |  | 0 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 1,181 |
Thereafter |  | — |  |  | 2,559 |  |  | 2,559 |
Changes in goodwill balances by reportable segment | The changes in the goodwill balances by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:
(Dollars in millions) |  | Balance |  | Goodwill Additions |  | Purchase Price Adjustments |  |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) |  | Balance
Segment |  | 1/1/2025 |  |  |  | Divestitures |  |  | 3/31/2025
Software |  | $ | 47,136 |  |  | $ | 4,531 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 51,935 |
Consulting |  | 9,206 |  |  | 487 |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 9,760 |
Infrastructure |  | 4,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4,371 |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 60,706 |  |  | $ | 5,018 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | 66,065 |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Balance |  | Goodwill Additions |  | Purchase Price Adjustments |  |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) |  | Balance
Segment |  | 1/1/2024 |  |  |  | Divestitures |  |  | 12/31/2024
Software |  | $ | 46,447 |  |  | $ | 1,511 |  |  | $ | (51) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (770) |  |  | $ | 47,136 |
Consulting |  | 8,883 |  |  | 469 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (142) |  |  | 9,206 |
Infrastructure |  | 4,384 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (28) |  |  | 4,363 |
Other (2) |  | 464 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (464) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 60,178 |  |  | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | (55) |  |  | $ | (465) |  |  | $ | (940) |  |  | $ | 60,706 |
(1)Primarily driven by foreign currency translation. (2)In the first quarter of 2024, the company derecognized goodwill related to the divestiture of The Weather Company assets.

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