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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill (Tables) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Intangible asset balances by major asset class | The following tables present the company's intangible asset balances by major asset class.
|  | At June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount (1)
Intangible asset class: |  |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software |  | $ | 1,290 |  |  | $ | (405) |  |  | $ | 885 |
Client relationships |  | 11,221 |  |  | (5,073) |  |  | 6,148 |
Completed technology |  | 7,364 |  |  | (3,642) |  |  | 3,722 |
Patents/trademarks |  | 2,003 |  |  | (603) |  |  | 1,399 |
Other (2) |  | 138 |  |  | (39) |  |  | 99 |
Total |  | $ | 22,016 |  |  | $ | (9,763) |  |  | $ | 12,253 |
|  | At December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount (1)
Intangible asset class: |  |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software |  | $ | 1,282 |  |  | $ | (492) |  |  | $ | 790 |
Client relationships |  | 9,704 |  |  | (4,387) |  |  | 5,317 |
Completed technology |  | 6,297 |  |  | (3,164) |  |  | 3,132 |
Patents/trademarks |  | 1,826 |  |  | (519) |  |  | 1,307 |
Other (2) |  | 138 |  |  | (24) |  |  | 114 |
Total |  | $ | 19,247 |  |  | $ | (8,587) |  |  | $ | 10,660 |
(1)Amounts at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include an increase in the net intangible asset balance of $190 million and a decrease in the net intangible asset balance of $126 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation. (2)Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary technology licenses, data, business processes, methodologies and systems.
Intangible assets, future amortization expense | The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was estimated to be the following at June 30, 2025:
(Dollars in millions) |  | Capitalized Software |  | Acquired Intangibles |  | Total
Remainder of 2025 |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 1,146 |  |  | $ | 1,392 |
2026 |  | 377 |  |  | 2,246 |  |  | 2,623 |
2027 |  | 219 |  |  | 2,203 |  |  | 2,423 |
2028 |  | 43 |  |  | 1,898 |  |  | 1,941 |
2029 |  | 0 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  | 1,231 |
Thereafter |  | — |  |  | 2,643 |  |  | 2,643 |
Changes in goodwill balances by reportable segment | The changes in the goodwill balances by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:
(Dollars in millions) |  | Balance |  | Goodwill Additions |  | Purchase Price Adjustments |  |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) |  | Balance
Segment |  | 1/1/2025 |  |  |  | Divestitures |  |  | 6/30/2025
Software |  | $ | 47,136 |  |  | $ | 4,994 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 912 |  |  | $ | 53,054 |
Consulting |  | 9,206 |  |  | 613 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 230 |  |  | 10,059 |
Infrastructure |  | 4,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 4,393 |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 60,706 |  |  | $ | 5,607 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | 67,506 |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Balance |  | Goodwill Additions |  | Purchase Price Adjustments |  |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) |  | Balance
Segment |  | 1/1/2024 |  |  |  | Divestitures |  |  | 12/31/2024
Software |  | $ | 46,447 |  |  | $ | 1,511 |  |  | $ | (51) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (770) |  |  | $ | 47,136 |
Consulting |  | 8,883 |  |  | 469 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (142) |  |  | 9,206 |
Infrastructure |  | 4,384 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (28) |  |  | 4,363 |
Other (2) |  | 464 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (464) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 60,178 |  |  | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | (55) |  |  | $ | (465) |  |  | $ | (940) |  |  | $ | 60,706 |
(1)Primarily driven by foreign currency translation. (2)In the first quarter of 2024, the company derecognized goodwill related to the divestiture of The Weather Company assets.

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