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Stock Plans (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Table Text Block [Abstract] |
Summary of Stock Option and RSA Activity | A summary of stock option and RSA/RSU activity as of December 31, 2017, and changes during the year, is presented below:
|  |  | Stock Options |  | RSAs/RSUs
(Shares in thousands) |  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Price
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 |  | 10,272 |  | $ | 47.68 |  | 7,500 |  | $ | 69.22
Granted |  | 869 |  |  | 87.19 |  | 2,670 |  |  | 77.80
Exercised/vested |  | (3,766) |  |  | 34.48 |  | (2,335) |  |  | 75.85
Forfeited |  | (102) |  |  | 67.57 |  | (620) |  |  | 68.80
Expired |  | (11) |  |  | 86.11 |  | ― |  |  | ―
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 |  | 7,262 |  |  | 58.92 |  | 7,215 |  | $ | 70.29
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017 |  | 7,194 |  |  | 58.86 |  |  |  |  |
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2017 |  | 3,399 |  | $ | 45.93 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average remaining contractual life and aggregate intrinsic value of the Company's stock options outstanding, exerciseable, and vested and expected to vest | The weighted-average remaining contractual life and the aggregate intrinsic value (the amount by which the fair value of the Company’s stock exceeds the exercise price of the option) of the stock options outstanding, exercisable, vested, and expe cted to ve st as of December 31, 2017, we re as follows:
|  |  | Outstanding |  | Exercisable |  | Vested and Expected to Vest
Weighted-average remaining contractual life (in years) |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 5.7
Aggregate intrinsic value (millions) |  | $ | 293 |  | $ | 181 |  | $ | 291
Weighted Average Assumptions Used | The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The following weighted-average assumptions wer e used for options granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015:
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 1.8 | % | 1.9 | % |  | 1.1 | %
Expected volatility(a) |  |  | 24 | % | 25 | % |  | 37 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.3 | % | 1.5 | % |  | 1.7 | %
Expected life of stock option (in years)(b) |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 6.7 |
Weighted-average fair value per option |  | $ | 18.18 |  | $ | 13.67 |  | $ | 29.20 |
The expected volatility is based on both weighted historical and implied volatilities of the Company’s common stock price. The expected life of stock options was determined using both historical data and expectations of option exercise behavior.
Special Stock Option Assumptions [Text Block] | On October 31, 2017, certain senior executives were awarded stock options with a term of seven years, and include a three-year service condition, as well as performance and market conditions. Therefore, the fair values of these options were estimated at the g rant date using a Monte Carlo Valuation model with the following assumptions:
|  | October 31, 2017 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 1.58 | %
Expected volatility(a) |  |  | 21.41 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.26 | %
Expected life of stock option (in years) |  |  | 7 |
Fair value per option |  | $ | 19.18 |
The expected volatility is based on both weighted historical and implied volatilities of the Company’s common stock price.
Summary of Stock Plan Expenses | The components of the Company’s total stock-based compensation expense (net of forfeitures) for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(Millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Restricted stock awards(a) |  | $ | 170 |  | $ | 178 |  | $ | 190
Stock options(a) |  |  | 21 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 12
Liability-based awards |  |  | 92 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 32
Total stock-based compensation expense (b) |  | $ | 283 |  | $ | 252 |  | $ | 234
As of December 31, 2017, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSAs/RSUs and options of $178 million and $21 million, respectively, will be recognized ratably over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.1 years. The total income tax benefit recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for stock-based compensation arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $102 million, $89 million and $83 million, respectively.

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- Definition Tabular disclosure for share-based compensation plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=96867065&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=96867065&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=96867065&loc=d3e5070-113901 + Details
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