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Related Party Transactions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Related Party Transactions
17. Related Party Transactions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate Receivables and Payables
Due from Affiliates and Due to Affiliates consisted of the following:
                 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Due from Affiliates
   
     
 
Management Fees, Performance Revenues, Reimbursable Expenses and Other Receivables from
Non-Consolidated
Entities and Portfolio Companies
   $
1,668,055
     $
1,520,100
 
Due from Certain
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders and Blackstone Employees
   
532,374
     
462,475
 
Accrual for Potential Clawback of Previously Distributed Performance Allocations
   
11,308
     
11,548
 
                 
   $         
2,211,737
     $         
1,994,123
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
           
 
       June 30,       
 
  December 31,   
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Due to Affiliates
   
     
 
Due to Certain
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders in Connection with the Tax Receivable Agreements
   $
739,226
     $
796,902
 
Due to
Non-Consolidated
Entities
   
126,625
     
99,728
 
Due to Note-Holders of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
94,818
     
56,012
 
Due to Certain
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders and Blackstone Employees
   
51,158
     
53,613
 
Accrual for Potential Repayment of Previously Received Performance Allocations
   
70,072
     
29,521
 
                 
   $
1,081,899
     $
1,035,776
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interests of the Founder, Senior Managing Directors, Employees and Other Related Parties
The Founder, senior managing directors, employees and certain other related parties invest on a discretionary basis in the consolidated Blackstone Funds both directly and through consolidated entities. These investments generally are subject to preferential management fee and performance allocation or incentive fee arrangements. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, such investments aggregated $885.2 million and $842.9 million, respectively. Their share of the Net Income Attributable to Redeemable
Non-Controlling
and
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities aggregated $17.5 million and $37.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $48.5 million and $65.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Loans to Affiliates
Loans to affiliates consist of interest bearing advances to certain Blackstone individuals to finance their investments in certain Blackstone Funds. These loans earn interest at Blackstone’s cost of borrowing and such interest totaled $1.8 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $4.2 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Contingent Repayment Guarantee
Blackstone and its personnel who have received Performance Allocation distributions have guaranteed payment on a several basis (subject to a cap) to the carry funds of any clawback obligation with respect to the excess Performance Allocation allocated to the general partners of such funds and indirectly received thereby to the extent that either Blackstone or its personnel fails to fulfill its clawback obligation, if any. The Accrual for Potential Repayment of Previously Received Performance Allocations represents amounts previously paid to Blackstone Holdings and
non-controlling
interest holders that would need to be repaid to the Blackstone Funds if the carry funds were to be liquidated based on the fair value of their underlying investments as of June 30, 2019. See Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies — Contingencies — Contingent Obligations (Clawback)”.
Aircraft and Other Services
In the normal course of business, Blackstone personnel make use of aircraft owned as personal assets by Stephen A. Schwarzman; an aircraft owned jointly as a personal asset by Hamilton E. James, Blackstone’s Executive Vice Chairman and a Director of Blackstone, and another senior managing director; an aircraft owned as a personal asset by Jonathan D. Gray, Blackstone’s President and Chief Operating Officer and a Director of Blackstone; and an aircraft owned jointly as a personal asset by Bennett J. Goodman,
Co-Founder
of GSO Capital and a Director of Blackstone, and a former senior managing director (each such aircraft, “Personal Aircraft”). Mr. Schwarzman paid for his purchases of his Personal Aircraft himself. Mr. James paid for his interest in his jointly owned Personal Aircraft. Mr. Goodman paid for his interest in his jointly owned Personal Aircraft. Mr. Gray paid for his purchase of his Personal Aircraft himself. Mr. Schwarzman, Mr. James, Mr. Goodman and Mr. Gray respectively bear operating,
 
personnel and maintenance costs associated with the operation of such Personal Aircraft. Payment by Blackstone for the use of the Personal Aircraft by Blackstone employees is made based on market rates.
 
In addition, on occasion, certain of Blackstone’s executive officers and employee directors and their families may make personal use of aircraft in which Blackstone owns a fractional interest, as well as other assets of Blackstone. Any such personal use of Blackstone assets is charged to the executive officer or employee director based on market rates and usage. Personal use of Blackstone resources is also reimbursed to Blackstone based on market rates.
The transactions described herein are not material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Tax Receivable Agreements
Blackstone used a portion of the proceeds from the IPO and the sale of
non-voting
common units to Beijing Wonderful Investments to purchase interests in the predecessor businesses from the predecessor owners. In addition, holders of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units may exchange their Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units for Blackstone common units on a
one-for-one
basis. The purchase and subsequent exchanges are expected to result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Blackstone Holdings and therefore reduce the amount of tax that Blackstone’s wholly owned subsidiaries would otherwise be required to pay in the future.
One of the subsidiaries of Blackstone which is a corporate taxpayer has entered into tax receivable agreements with each of the predecessor owners and additional tax receivable agreements have been executed, and will continue to be executed, with newly-admitted senior managing directors and others who acquire Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units. The agreements provide for the payment by the corporate taxpayer to such owners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that the corporate taxpayers actually realize as a result of the aforementioned increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into these tax receivable agreements. For purposes of the tax receivable agreements, cash savings in income tax will be computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the corporate taxpayers to the amount of such taxes that the corporate taxpayers would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Blackstone Holdings as a result of the exchanges and had the corporate taxpayers not entered into the tax receivable agreements.
Assuming no future material changes in the relevant tax law and that the corporate taxpayers earn sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased amortization of the assets, the expected future payments under the tax receivable agreements (which are taxable to the recipients) will aggregate $739.2 million over the next 15 years. The
after-tax
net present value of these estimated payments totals $268.2 million assuming a 15% discount rate and using Blackstone’s most recent projections relating to the estimated timing of the benefit to be received. Future payments under the tax receivable agreements in respect of subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts. The payments under the tax receivable agreements are not conditioned upon continued ownership of Blackstone equity interests by the
pre-IPO
owners and the others mentioned above.
Amounts related to the deferred tax asset resulting from the increase in tax basis from the exchange of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units to Blackstone common units, the resulting remeasurement of net deferred tax assets at the Blackstone ownership percentage at the balance sheet date, the due to affiliates for the future payments resulting from the tax receivable agreements and resulting adjustment to partners’ capital are included as Acquisition of Ownership Interests from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders in the Supplemental Disclosure of
Non-Cash
Investing and Financing Activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Other
Blackstone does business with and on behalf of some of its Portfolio Companies; all such arrangements are on a negotiated basis.
Additionally, please see Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies — Contingencies — Guarantees” for information regarding guarantees provided to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees.