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Variable Interest Entities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Variable Interest Entities
9. Variable Interest Entities
Pursuant to GAAP consolidation guidance, Blackstone consolidates certain VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary either directly or indirectly, through a consolidated entity or affiliate. VIEs include certain private equity, real estate, credit-focused or funds of hedge funds entities and CLO vehicles. The purpose of such VIEs is to provide strategy specific investment opportunities for investors in exchange for management and performance-based fees. The investment strategies of the Blackstone Funds differ by product; however, the fundamental risks of the Blackstone Funds are similar, including loss of invested capital and loss of management fees and performance-based fees. In Blackstone’s role as general partner, collateral manager or investment adviser, it generally considers itself the sponsor of the applicable Blackstone Fund. Blackstone does not provide performance guarantees and has no other financial obligation to provide funding to consolidated VIEs other than its own capital commitments.
The assets of consolidated variable interest entities may only be used to settle obligations of these entities. In addition, there is no recourse to Blackstone for the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities.
 
Blackstone holds variable interests in certain VIEs which are not consolidated as it is determined that Blackstone is not the primary beneficiary. Blackstone’s involvement with such entities is in the form of direct and indirect equity interests and fee arrangements. The maximum exposure to loss represents the loss of assets recognized by Blackstone relating to non-consolidated VIEs and any clawback obligation relating to previously distributed Performance Allocations. Blackstone’s maximum exposure to loss relating to non-consolidated VIEs were as follows:
 
                                                   
    
December 31,

2022
  
December 31,

2021
Investments
  
$
3,326,669
 
  
$
3,337,757
 
Due from Affiliates
  
 
189,240
 
  
 
179,939
 
Potential Clawback Obligation
  
 
384,926
 
  
 
44,327
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
  
$
3,900,835
 
  
$
3,562,023
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Amounts Due to Non-Consolidated VIEs
  
$
6
 
  
$
105