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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2021
Equity [Abstract]  
Total share-based compensation expense
The following table summarizes the total share-based compensation expense that we recorded in operating income or loss for the periods shown.
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
(In millions)January 31, 2021January 31, 2020January 31, 2021January 31, 2020
Cost of revenue$16 $14 $31 $29 
Selling and marketing44 29 76 59 
Research and development67 37 105 75 
General and administrative53 27 79 55 
Total share-based compensation expense$180 $107 $291 $218 
Summary of share-based awards available for grant
A summary of share-based awards available for grant under our plans for the six months ended January 31, 2021 was as follows:
(Shares in thousands)Shares
Available
for Grant
Balance at July 31, 202018,047 
Shares available for grant under an assumed plan4,298 
Restricted stock units granted (1)
(3,710)
Options granted— 
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired (1) (2)
2,384 
Balance at January 31, 202121,019 
(1)RSUs granted from the pool of shares available for grant under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan reduce the pool by 2.3 shares for each share granted. RSUs forfeited and returned to the pool of shares available for grant under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan increase the pool by 2.3 shares for each share forfeited.
(2)Stock options and RSUs canceled, expired or forfeited under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and Credit Karma Plan are returned to the pool of shares available for grant. Under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, shares withheld for income taxes upon vesting of RSUs that were granted on or after July 21, 2016 are also returned to the pool of shares available for grant. Stock options and RSUs canceled, expired or forfeited under older expired plans are not returned to the pool of shares available for grant
Summary of restricted stock unit activity
A summary of restricted stock unit (RSU) and restricted stock activity for the six months ended January 31, 2021 was as follows:
(Shares in thousands)Number
of Shares		Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at July 31, 20205,664 $231.97 
Assumed through acquisition1,998 355.49 
Granted (1)
1,306 364.24 
Restricted stock subject to revest provisions
issued in connection with acquisition		775 355.49 
Vested(967)224.10 
Forfeited(644)222.92 
Nonvested at January 31, 20218,132 $296.98 
(1)This includes 809,000 shares related to $300 million of restricted stock units issued to the employees of Credit Karma in connection with the acquisition. See Note 5, "Business Combinations."
Summary of stock option activity
A summary of stock option activity for the six months ended January 31, 2021 was as follows:
 Options Outstanding
(Shares in thousands)Number
of Shares		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Per Share
Balance at July 31, 20202,681 $185.83 
Granted— — 
Exercised(454)126.52 
Canceled or expired(54)257.25 
Balance at January 31, 20212,173 $196.45 
Exercisable at January 31, 20211,446 $153.46