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Shareholders' Equity (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract] |
Summary of the Stock Option and RSU Award Activities | The following table summarizes the stock option and RSU award activities under the Company's share-based compensation plans for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| Shares Subject to Options Outstanding |  | Outstanding RSUs
| Number of Options (1) |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price $ |  | Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (2) $ |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value $ |  | Outstanding RSUs |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value $
December 31, 2016 | 9,899,393 |  |  | 9.74 |  |  | 6.78 |  |  | 328,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,360,817 |  |  | 29.97 |
Stock options granted | 1,061,478 |  |  | 74.80 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37.51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised | (3,322,993 | ) |  | 4.45 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock options forfeited | (284,332 | ) |  | 31.65 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
RSUs granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,172,707 |  |  | 81.89 |
RSUs settled | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (824,215 | ) |  | 28.85 |
RSUs forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (210,631 | ) |  | 40.21 |
December 31, 2017 | 7,353,546 |  |  | 20.67 |  |  | 6.81 |  |  | 590,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,498,678 |  |  | 53.84 |
Stock options granted | 486,434 |  |  | 138.12 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69.81 |  | — |  |  |
Stock options exercised | (2,179,999 | ) |  | 13.99 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock options forfeited | (183,191 | ) |  | 44.58 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
RSUs granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,127,094 |  |  | 139.58 |
RSUs settled | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (935,002 | ) |  | 51.72 |
RSUs forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (217,105 | ) |  | 68.70 |
December 31, 2018 | 5,476,790 |  |  | 32.96 |  | 6.23 |  |  | 577,731 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,473,665 |  |  | 92.40 |
Stock options exercisable as of December 31, 2018 | 3,517,755 |  |  | 12.19 |  | 5.22 |  |  | 444,159 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) As at December 31, 2018, 2,790,681 of the outstanding stock options were granted under the Company's Legacy Option Plan and are exercisable for Class B multiple voting shares, and 2,686,109 of the outstanding stock options were granted under the Company's Stock Option Plan and are exercisable for Class A subordinate voting shares. (2) The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of the Company's Class A subordinate voting shares as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Schedule of Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options | The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employees are as follows:
| Years ended
| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Expected volatility | 54.2 | % |  | 56.0 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 2.72 | % |  | 1.85 | %
Dividend yield | Nil |  |  | Nil |
Average expected life | 5.31 |  |  | 5.15 |
Schedule of Classification of Stock-based Compensation | The following table illustrates the classification of stock-based compensation in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, which includes both stock-based compensation and restricted share-based compensation expense:
| Years ended
| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| $ |  | $
Cost of revenues | 2,232 |  |  | 1,102 |
Sales and marketing | 21,928 |  |  | 8,986 |
Research and development | 55,164 |  |  | 31,338 |
General and administrative | 16,396 |  |  | 7,737 |
| 95,720 |  |  | 49,163 |

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