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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Tax Expense

The components of income tax expense for 2025, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:

(in millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Current income tax expense:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

1,250

 

 

$

960

 

 

$

641

 

State and local

 

 

214

 

 

 

142

 

 

 

176

 

Foreign

 

 

844

 

 

 

787

 

 

 

538

 

Total net current income tax expense

 

 

2,308

 

 

 

1,889

 

 

 

1,355

 

Deferred income tax expense (benefit):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

(530

)

 

 

(105

)

 

 

101

 

State and local

 

 

(30

)

 

 

 

 

 

11

 

Foreign

 

 

(71

)

 

 

(1

)

 

 

12

 

Total net deferred income tax expense (benefit)

 

 

(631

)

 

 

(106

)

 

 

124

 

Total income tax expense

 

$

1,677

 

 

$

1,783

 

 

$

1,479

 

Components of Income before Taxes, Less Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Income tax expense has been based on the following components of income before taxes, less net income (loss) attributable to NCI - CIPs:

(in millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Domestic

 

$

3,837

 

 

$

5,139

 

 

$

4,565

 

Foreign

 

 

3,520

 

 

 

3,013

 

 

 

2,416

 

Total

 

$

7,357

 

 

$

8,152

 

 

$

6,981

 

Schedule of Components of Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds

The components of cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds for 2025 are as follows:

(in millions)

 

2025

 

Federal

 

$

1,089

 

State and local

 

 

307

 

Foreign

 

 

902

 

Total

 

$

2,298

 

Income taxes paid, net of refunds exceeded five percent of the total in the following jurisdictions:

(in millions)

 

2025

 

State and local:

 

 

 

New York City

 

$

163

 

Foreign:

 

 

 

United Kingdom

 

$

410

 

Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense with Expected Federal Income Tax Expense

A reconciliation of income tax expense with expected federal income tax expense computed at the applicable federal income tax rate of 21% for 2025 is as follows:

(in millions)

 

2025

 

Statutory income tax expense

 

$

1,545

 

 

 

21

%

State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect(1)

 

 

137

 

 

 

2

 

Foreign tax effects

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom

 

 

 

 

 

 

Statutory tax rate difference between United Kingdom and United States

 

 

79

 

 

 

1

 

Nontaxable income from Partnerships

 

 

(169

)

 

 

(2

)

Other

 

 

21

 

 

 

 

Channel Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

Statutory tax rate difference between Channel Islands and United States

 

 

79

 

 

 

1

 

Other

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

Other foreign jurisdictions

 

 

56

 

 

 

1

 

Effect of cross-border tax laws

 

 

 

 

 

 

Subpart F Income (net of FTC)

 

 

112

 

 

 

2

 

Global intangible low-taxed income (net of FTC)

 

 

100

 

 

 

1

 

Base erosion and anti-abuse tax

 

 

106

 

 

 

1

 

Tax benefit from changes in organizational structure

 

 

(366

)

 

 

(5

)

Losses from foreign partnerships

 

 

(107

)

 

 

(1

)

Other

 

 

(60

)

 

 

(1

)

Tax credits

 

 

(10

)

 

 

 

Nontaxable & nondeductible items

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nontaxable interest income

 

 

(88

)

 

 

(1

)

Nondeductible fair value adjustment on contingent consideration

 

 

142

 

 

 

2

 

Other

 

 

7

 

 

 

 

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

 

 

(18

)

 

 

 

Changes in Valuation Allowances

 

 

 

 

 

 

Valuation allowance from changes in organizational structure

 

 

92

 

 

 

1

 

Other Adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

18

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense

 

$

1,677

 

 

 

23

%

(1)
State taxes in New York State, New York City and California make up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

A reconciliation of income tax expense with expected federal income tax expense computed at the applicable federal income tax rate of 21% for 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

(in millions)

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Statutory income tax expense

 

$

1,712

 

 

 

21

%

 

$

1,466

 

 

 

21

%

Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State and local taxes (net of federal benefit)

 

 

130

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

110

 

 

 

2

 

Impact of federal, foreign, state, and local tax rate
   changes on deferred taxes

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation awards

 

 

(37

)

 

 

 

 

 

(41

)

 

 

(1

)

Resolution of outstanding tax matters

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(204

)

 

 

(3

)

Intellectual property reorganization

 

 

(137

)

 

 

(2

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of foreign tax rates

 

 

84

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

112

 

 

 

2

 

Other

 

 

19

 

 

 

 

 

 

36

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense

 

$

1,783

 

 

 

22

%

 

$

1,479

 

 

 

21

%

Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are shown below:

 

 

December 31,

 

(in millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred income tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Compensation and benefits

 

$

534

 

 

$

354

 

Realized investment gains

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

Loss carryforwards

 

 

115

 

 

 

103

 

Foreign tax credit carryforward

 

 

105

 

 

 

39

 

Capitalized costs

 

 

313

 

 

 

276

 

Outside basis differences on foreign subsidiaries

 

 

389

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

855

 

 

 

795

 

Gross deferred tax assets

 

 

2,335

 

 

 

1,567

 

Less: Deferred tax valuation allowances

 

 

(181

)

 

 

(69

)

Deferred tax assets net of valuation allowances

 

 

2,154

 

 

 

1,498

 

Deferred income tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goodwill and acquired indefinite-lived intangibles

 

 

4,943

 

 

 

4,199

 

Acquired finite-lived intangibles

 

 

1,147

 

 

 

53

 

Unrealized investment gains

 

 

 

 

 

58

 

Other

 

 

493

 

 

 

341

 

Gross deferred tax liabilities

 

 

6,583

 

 

 

4,651

 

Net deferred tax (liabilities)

 

$

(4,429

)

 

$

(3,153

)

Reconciliation of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following tabular reconciliation presents the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits:

(in millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Balance at January 1

 

$

517

 

 

$

749

 

 

$

912

 

Additions for tax positions of prior years

 

 

15

 

 

 

30

 

 

 

25

 

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

 

 

(8

)

 

 

(10

)

 

 

(22

)

Additions based on tax positions related to current year

 

 

79

 

 

 

51

 

 

 

49

 

Additions related to business combinations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16

 

Lapse of Statute Limitation

 

 

(5

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements

 

 

(87

)

 

 

(303

)

 

 

(231

)

Balance at December 31

 

$

511

 

 

$

517

 

 

$

749