Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Assets measured at fair values on a recurring basis

We measure and report our cash equivalents, restricted cash, and available-for-sale marketable securities at fair value on a recurring basis. The following tables summarize the fair value of these financial assets by significant investment category and their levels within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total		Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Financial Assets:
Cash Equivalents:
Money market funds	$	1,015,705	$	—	$	—	$	1,015,705	$	322,294	$	—	$	—	$	322,294
Commercial paper	—		1,999		—		1,999		—		5,422		—		5,422
Agency securities	—		—		—		—		—		17,559		—		17,559
U.S. government notes	—		—		—		—		51,986		—		—		51,986
	1,015,705		1,999		—		1,017,704		374,280		22,981		—		397,261
Marketable Securities:

Certificates of deposits (1)	—		5,000		—		5,000		—		10,492		—		10,492
U.S. government notes	1,044,859		—		—		1,044,859		993,955		—		—		993,955
Corporate bonds	—		1,362,124		—		1,362,124		—		1,113,134		—		1,113,134
Agency securities	—		657,379		—		657,379		—		215,380		—		215,380
Marketable equity securities(2)	—		—		—		—		19,061		—		—		19,061
	1,044,859		2,024,503		—		3,069,362		1,013,016		1,339,006		—		2,352,022
Other Assets:
Money market funds - restricted	858		—		—		858		4,271		—		—		4,271
Total Financial Assets	$	2,061,422	$	2,026,502	$	—	$	4,087,924	$	1,391,567	$	1,361,987	$	—	$	2,753,554

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(1) As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, all of our certificates of deposits were domestic deposits.

(2) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold all its shares of its marketable equity security for $23.9 million. This publicly-traded equity investment generated an unrealized gain of $4.8 million and $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The initial cost of this investment was $3.0 million with no changes since our initial investment. The cumulative gain from the initial purchase was $20.9 million, the majority of which has been reflected in prior periods as net unrealized gains. The realized and unrealized gains/losses are included in Other income (expense), net on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to Note 3. Financial Statements Details.

During the year ended on December 31, 2023, the Company did not make any transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy.

Marketable debt securities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our debt securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

U.S. government	1,043,445		2,874		(1,460)		1,044,859		1,007,175		3		(13,223)		993,955
Corporate bonds	1,361,132		2,810		(1,818)		1,362,124		1,125,920		271		(13,057)		1,113,134
Agency securities	657,118		1,143		(882)		657,379		217,893		83		(2,596)		215,380
Total	$	3,061,695	$	6,827	$	(4,160)	$	3,064,362	$	2,350,988	$	357	$	(28,876)	$	2,322,469

For debt securities in unrealized loss positions, it is not likely that we will be required to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis nor do we have the intent to sell such securities before maturity; we invest in debt securities that have maximum maturities of two years and are generally deemed to be low risk based on their credit ratings from the major rating agencies. The longer the duration of these marketable securities, the more susceptible they are to changes in market interest rates and bond yields. Given the short-term and conservative nature of our portfolio, the unrealized losses are not subject to credit risk; therefore, we did not recognize any credit losses or non-credit-related impairments related to our available-for-sale marketable debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. All unrealized losses were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Realized losses were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The following table is an analysis of our marketable debt securities in unrealized loss positions (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023
	Unrealized Losses within 12 months				Unrealized Losses 12 months or greater				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. government notes	$	317,376	$	(1,076)	$	108,739	$	(384)	$	426,115	$	(1,460)
Corporate bonds	610,086		(1,423)		141,943		(395)		752,029		(1,818)
Agency securities	340,537		(772)		20,809		(110)		361,346		(882)
Total	$	1,267,999	$	(3,271)	$	271,491	$	(889)	$	1,539,490	$	(4,160)

As of December 31, 2023, we had no marketable debt securities with contractual maturities that exceed 24 months. The fair values of marketable debt securities, by remaining contractual maturities, are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023
Due in 1 year or less	$	1,627,780
Due in 1 year through 2 years	1,436,582
Total marketable securities	$	3,064,362

The weighted-average remaining duration of our marketable debt securities is approximately 0.9 years as of December 31, 2023.

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

Non-Marketable Equity Securities

We have non-marketable equity securities in privately-held companies that do not have readily-determinable fair values. Their initial cost is adjusted to fair value on a non-recurring basis based on observable price changes from orderly transactions of identical or similar securities of the same issuer, or for impairment. These investments are classified within Level III of the fair value hierarchy as we estimate the value based on valuation methods using the observable transaction price at the transaction date and other significant unobservable inputs, such as volatility, rights, and obligations related to these securities. In addition, the valuation requires management judgment due to the absence of market price and lack of liquidity.

We did not record any realized gains for our non-marketable equity securities during the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. We recorded immaterial amounts of realized and unrealized losses during the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Unrealized gains for our non-marketable equity securities are summarized below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Unrealized gains on non-marketable equity securities (1)	$	13,901	$	16,731	$	—

(1) These unrealized gains were recorded on investments that were re-measured to fair value as of the date observable transactions occurred.

We evaluate our non-marketable equity securities for impairment at each reporting period via a qualitative assessment with various potential impairment indicators, including, but not limited to, an assessment of a significant adverse change in the economic environment, significant adverse changes in the general market condition of the geographies and industries in which our investees operate, and other publicly-available information that may affect the value of the non-marketable equity securities.

The following table summarizes the activity related to our non-marketable equity securities as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cost of investments (1)	$	31,656	$	23,625
Cumulative impairment and downward adjustments	—		(888)
Cumulative upward adjustments	30,632		16,731
Carrying amount of investments (included in other assets)	$	62,288	$	39,468

(1) During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had an $8.0 million convertible note previously included in other assets, plus accrued interest of $0.6 million, that was converted to an equity investment and included in cost of investment

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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