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Stock-based compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2022
Stock-based compensation | 21. Stock-based compensation By way of an ordinary resolution on July 12, 2019, the shareholders of the Bank approved a subdivision (stock split) of the Bank’s equity shares to reduce the face value of each equity share from Rs. 2.0 to Rs. 1.0 per equity share effective as of September 20, 2019. The number of issued and subscribed equity shares increased to 5,470,763,894 shares of par value Rs. 1.0 each. All share/ADS and per share/ADS data reflect the effect of the stock split retroactively. One ADS continues to represent three equity shares. The stock-based compensation plans of the Bank are as follows: Employees Stock Option Scheme (“ESOP”) The shareholders of the Bank approved in January 2000 Plan “A”, in June 2003 Plan “B”, in June 2005 Plan “C”, in June 2007 Plan “D”, in June 2010 Plan “E”, in June 2013 Plan “F” and in July 2016 Plan “G” of the Employees’ Stock Option Scheme (the “Plan”). The Bank reserved 100.0 million equity shares, with an aggregate nominal value of Rs.100.0 million, for issuance under each Plan “A”, “B” and “C”. Under Plan “D” , the Bank reserved 150.0 million equity shares with an aggregate nominal value of Rs.150.0 million. The Bank reserved 200.0 million equity shares with an aggregate nominal value of Rs. 200.0 million, for issuance under each of Plan “E”, “F” and “G”. Under the terms of each of these Plans, the Bank may issue stock options to employees and whole time directors of the Bank, each of which is convertible into one equity share. Plan A provides for the issuance of options at the recommendation of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee of the Board (the “NRC”) at an average of the daily closing prices on the BSE Limited during the 60 days preceding the date of grant of options, which was the minimum prescribed option price under regulations then issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”). Presently, there are no stock options issued and outstanding under Plan A. Plan B, Plan C, Plan D, Plan E, Plan F and Plan G provide for the issuance of options at the recommendation of the NRC at the closing price on the working day immediately preceding the date when options are granted. For Plan B the price is that quoted on an Indian stock exchange with the highest trading volume during the preceding two weeks, while for Plan C, Plan D, Plan E, Plan F and Plan G, the price is that quoted on an Indian stock exchange with the highest trading volume as of the working day preceding the date of grant. Presently, there are no stock options issued and outstanding under Plan B. Such options vest at the discretion of the NRC. These options are exercisable for a period following vesting at the discretion of the NRC, subject to a maximum of five years, as set forth at the time of the grant. On August 3, 2019 the Nomination and Remuneration Committee of the Board approved, under Plan G, the grant of 578,000 options (Scheme XXXII) to the employees of the Bank. On October 19, 2019 , the Nomination and Remuneration Committee of the Board approved, under Plan G, the grant of 46,175,200 options (Scheme XXXIII) to the employees of the Bank. On March 21, 2020 , the Nomination and Remuneration Committee of the Board approved, under Plan G, the grant of 1,020,400 options (Scheme XXXIV) to the employees of the Bank. On October 20, 2020 , the Nomination and Remuneration Committee of the Board approved, under Plan G, the grant of 57,466,600 options (Scheme XXXV) to the employees of the Bank. On July 31, 2021 , the Nomination and Remuneration Committee of the Board approved, under Plan G, the grant of 25,390,600 options (Scheme XXXVI) to the employees of the Bank. On November 25, 2021 , the Nomination and Remuneration Committee of the Board approved, under Plan G, the grant of 238,000 options (Scheme XXXVII) to the employees of the Bank . Modification of employee stock option schemes During the years ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, there were no modifications to employee stock option schemes. Assumptions used The fair value of options has been estimated on the dates of each grant using a binomial option pricing model with the following assumptions:
|  | Years ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022
Dividend yield |  | 0.61%-0.85% |  | 0.61% |  | 0.43%-0.46%
Expected volatility |  | 15.30%-20.13% |  | 20.13%-28.93% |  | 21.71%-31.79%
Risk-free interest rate |  | 5.81%-6.70% |  | 4.63%-5.75% |  | 4.99%-6.43%
Expected term (in years) |  | 2.82-5.42 |  | 2.65-5.43 |  | 2.59-5.36
The Bank recognizes compensation expense related to stock and option awards over the requisite service period, generally based on the instruments’ grant-date fair value, reduced by expected forfeitures. Ultimately, the compensation cost for all awards that vest is recognized. Activity and other details Activity in the options available to be granted under the employee stock option scheme is as follows:
|  | Number of options available to be granted year ending March 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |
Options available to be granted, beginning of period |  |  | 202,413,370 |  |  |  | 159,487,350 |  |  |  | 104,694,170 |
Equity shares allocated for grant under the plan |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Options granted |  |  | (47,773,600 | ) |  |  | (57,466,600 | ) |  |  | (25,628,600 | )
Forfeited/lapsed |  |  | 4,847,580 |  |  |  | 2,673,420 |  |  |  | 2,926,850 |
Options available to be granted, end of period |  |  | 159,487,350 |  |  |  | 104,694,170 |  |  |  | 81,992,420 |
Activity in the options outstanding under the employee stock option scheme is as follows:
|  | Years ended March 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | Options |  |  | Weighted average exercise price |  |  | Options |  |  | Weighted average exercise price |  |  | Options |  |  | Weighted average exercise price |
Options outstanding, beginning of period |  |  | 136,612,822 |  |  | Rs. | 682.99 |  |  |  | 142,865,602 |  |  | Rs. | 899.03 |  |  |  | 168,168,760 |  |  | Rs. | 1,063.79 |
Granted |  |  | 47,773,600 |  |  |  | 1,220.13 |  |  |  | 57,466,600 |  |  |  | 1,235.80 |  |  |  | 25,628,600 |  |  |  | 1,427.29 |
Exercised |  |  | (36,673,240 | ) |  |  | 504.10 |  |  |  | (29,490,022 | ) |  |  | 596.85 |  |  |  | (32,764,494 | ) |  |  | 796.52 |
Forfeited |  |  | (4,813,580 | ) |  |  | 965.64 |  |  |  | (2,032,110 | ) |  |  | 1,163.29 |  |  |  | (2,639,100 | ) |  |  | 1,231.84 |
Lapsed |  |  | (34,000 | ) |  |  | 568.10 |  |  |  | (641,310 | ) |  |  | 929.57 |  |  |  | (287,750 | ) |  |  | 870.34 |
Options outstanding, end of period |  |  | 142,865,602 |  |  | Rs. | 899.03 |  |  |  | 168,168,760 |  |  | Rs. | 1,063.79 |  |  |  | 158,106,016 |  |  | Rs. | 1,175.65 |
Options exercisable, end of period |  |  | 64,464,392 |  |  | Rs. | 638.18 |  |  |  | 64,453,260 |  |  | Rs. | 834.48 |  |  |  | 65,321,116 |  |  | Rs. | 1,036.49 |
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year |  |  |  |  |  | Rs. | 305.78 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Rs. | 320.42 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Rs. | 415.12 |
The following summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2022:
|  |  |  | As of March 31, 2022 |
Plan |  | Range of exercise price |  | Number of shares arising out of options |  |  | Weighted average remaining life (years) |  |  | Weighted average exercise price |
Plan F |  | Rs. 417.75 to Rs. 731.08 (or US$ 5.51 to US$ 9.64) |  |  | 17,564,766 |  |  |  | 1.07 |  |  |  | 666.77 |
Plan G |  | Rs. 882.85 to Rs. 1,516.95 (or US$ 11.64 to US$ 19.99) |  |  | 140,541,250 |  |  |  | 2.70 |  |  |  | 1,239.25 |
The intrinsic value, of options exercised during the years ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 at the grant date was nil, and at the exercise date was Rs. 13,339.6 million, Rs. 26,446.8 million and Rs. 22,077.7 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value as of the grant date and as at March 31, 2022 attributable to options which are outstanding as on March 31, 2022 was Rs. 2.7 million (previous year Rs. 0.5 million) and Rs. 46,605.0 million (previous year Rs. 72,288.5 million), respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value as at the grant date and as at March 31, 2022 attributable to options exercisable as on March 31, 2022 was Rs. 0.5 million (previous year 0.5 million) and was Rs. 28,340.0 million (previous year Rs. 42,485.6 million), respectively. Total stock compensation cost recognized under these plans was Rs. 7,476.1 million, Rs. 10,603.5 million and Rs. 13,874.5 million during the years ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, respectively. However, no income tax benefit is recognized with respect to the said stock compensation costs. As of March 31, 2022, there were 92,784,900 unvested options (previous year 103,715,500) with weighted average exercise price of Rs. 1,273.6 (previous year Rs. 1,206.3) and the aggregate intrinsic value at the grant date and as at March 31, 2022 was Rs. 2.1 million (previous year nil) and Rs. 18,265.0 million (previous year Rs. 29,802.9 million), respectively. As at March 31, 2022, the total estimated compensation cost to be recognized in future periods was Rs. 14,999.2 million. This is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.01 years.

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