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Loans
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Loans
 
9. Loans
Loan balances included Rs. 406,381.7 million and Rs. 372,013.8 million (US$ 4,903.3 million) as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, respectively, which have been provided as collateral for borrowings and are therefore restricted.
Loans by facility as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 were as follows:
 
    
As of March 31,
 
    
2021
    
2022
    
2022
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
    
(In millions)
 
Retail loans:
                          
Auto loans
   Rs. 964,053.2      Rs. 1,042,793.0      US$ 13,744.5  
Personal loans/Credit cards
     2,042,727.2        2,341,971.8        30,868.2  
Retail business banking
     2,007,845.9        2,617,087.1        34,494.4  
Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance
     805,329.8        951,066.0        12,535.5  
Housing loans
     702,235.5        830,882.4        10,951.4  
Other retail loans
     1,306,641.0        1,526,734.4        20,122.9  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Subtotal
   Rs. 7,828,832.6      Rs. 9,310,534.7      US$ 122,716.9  
Wholesale loans
   Rs. 4,214,885.3      Rs. 5,099,009.3      US$ 67,207.2  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Gross loans
     12,043,717.9        14,409,544.0        189,924.1  
Less: Allowance for credit losses
     343,528.7        372,671.8        4,911.9  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 11,700,189.2      Rs. 14,036,872.2      US$ 185,012.2  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Loans, other than crop-related 
agricultural loans, are generally placed on
non-accrual
status and considered
non-performing
if principal or interest payments become 90 days past due and/or management deems the collectability of the principal and/or interest to be doubtful. Crop-related agricultural loans are generally placed on
non-accrual
status and considered
non-performing
if principal or interest payments become 366 days past due and/or management deems the collectability of the principal and/or interest to be doubtful. Loans are returned to accrual status when the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current
.
The maturity of gross loans as of March 31, 2022 is set out below:
 
    
As of March 31, 2022
 
    
Wholesale loans
    
Retail loans
    
Total
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
    
(In millions)
 
Maturity profile of loans:
                          
Within one year
   Rs. 2,174,459.2      Rs. 2,525,390.8      Rs. 4,699,850.0  
Over one year through five years
     1,844,496.2        6,006,016.1        7,850,512.3  
Over five years
     1,080,053.9        779,127.8        1,859,181.7  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 5,099,009.3      Rs. 9,310,534.7      Rs. 14,409,544.0  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   US$ 67,207.2      US$ 122,716.9      US$ 189,924.1  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
The following table provides details of age analysis of loans and finance receivable on
non-accrual
status as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022.
 
    
As of March 31, 2021
 
    
31-90 days

past due
    
Non-accrual/

91 days or

more past

due
    
Current 
1,2
    
Total
    
Finance

receivable

on non-accrual

status
 
                                    
    
(In millions)
 
                                    
Retail Loans
                                            
Auto loans
   Rs. 8,523.6      Rs. 28,476.3      Rs. 927,053.3      Rs. 964,053.2      Rs. 28,476.3  
Personal loans/Credit card
     25,026.7        37,026.1        1,980,674.4        2,042,727.2        37,026.1  
Retail business banking
     19,239.0        31,328.9        1,957,278.0        2,007,845.9        31,328.9  
Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance
     16,946.0        32,015.3        756,368.5        805,329.8        32,015.3  
Housing loans
     4,530.8        5,171.9        692,532.8        702,235.5        5,171.9  
Other retail
     18,535.0        39,584.4        1,248,521.6        1,306,641.0        39,584.4  
Wholesale loans
     6,277.0        40,179.5        4,168,428.8        4,214,885.3        40,179.5  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 99,078.1      Rs. 213,782.4      Rs. 11,730,857.4      Rs. 12,043,717.9      Rs. 213,782.4  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
1.  Loans up to 30 days past due are considered current
.
2.  Includes
crop-related
 agricultural loans with days past due less than 366 as they are not considered as
non-performing
of Rs. 33.6 billion.
 
    
As of March 31, 2022
 
    
31-90 days

past due
    
Non-accrual/

91 days or
more past

due
    
Current 
1,2
    
Total
    
Finance

receivable

on non-accrual

status
 
                                    
    
(In millions)
 
                                    
Retail Loans
                                            
Auto loans
   Rs. 6,536.5      Rs. 20,441.6      Rs. 1,015,814.9      Rs. 1,042,793.0      Rs. 20,441.6  
Personal loans/Credit card
     27,433.8        28,057.5        2,286,480.5        2,341,971.8        28,057.5  
Retail business banking
     18,242.9        35,820.2        2,563,024.0        2,617,087.1        35,820.2  
Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance
     20,263.0        25,091.5        905,711.5        951,066.0        25,091.5  
Housing loans
     3,296.3        6,478.4        821,107.7        830,882.4        6,478.4  
Other retail
     18,009.8        49,459.2        1,459,265.4        1,526,734.4        49,459.2  
Wholesale loans
     8,455.4        31,921.1        5,058,632.8        5,099,009.3        31,921.1  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 102,237.7      Rs. 197,269.5      Rs. 14,110,036.8      Rs. 14,409,544.0      Rs. 197,269.5  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   US$ 1,347.5      US$ 2,600.1      US$ 185,976.5      US$ 189,924.1      US$ 2,600.1  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
1.
Loans up to 30 days past due are considered current
.
2.
Includes
crop-related
 agricultural loans with days past due less than 366 as they are not considered as
non-performing
of Rs. 34.2 billion.
From fiscal year 2020
the Bank has implemented the packages announced by RBI on account of the COVID-19 pandemic which grants temporary extensions in repayment obligations to the borrowers without any interest or financial concessions. While the moratorium allowed customers (from March to August 2020) to temporarily freeze loan repayments, the loan restructuring packages eased the burden of monthly repayments. The total balance outstanding of loan facilities restructured was Rs. 138.4 billion as of March 31, 2021 and Rs. 229.8 billion (US$ 3.0 billion) as of March 31, 2022. These restructured facilities as of March 31, 2021 included retail loans and wholesale loans of Rs. 137.8 billion and Rs. 0.6 billion respectively and as of March 31, 2022 include retail loans and wholesale loans of Rs. 220.0 billion and Rs. 9.8 billion respectively. As stipulated by regulatory guidance, the Bank does not place loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 on nonaccrual status where such loans are not otherwise reportable as nonaccrual and thus considered in the allowance for loan losses.
For retail loans the policy and approval processes are designed for the fact that the Bank has high volumes of relatively homogeneous, small value transactions in retail loans. There are product programs for each of these products, which define the target markets, credit philosophy and process, detailed underwriting criteria for evaluating individual credits, exception reporting systems and individual loan exposure caps. The quantitative parameters considered include income, residence stability and the nature of the employment/business, while the qualitative parameters include accessibility, contractibility and profile. The credit policies/product programs are based on a statistical analysis of the Bank’s experience and industry data, in combination with the judgment of the Bank’s senior officers. The Bank regularly mines data on its borrower account behavior as well as static data to monitor the portfolio performance of each product segment and uses these as inputs for revising the Bank’s product programs, target market definitions and credit assessment criteria to meet the Bank’s twin objectives of combining volume growth and maintenance of asset quality.
As an integral part of the credit process, the Bank has a credit rating model appropriate to its wholesale and retail credit segments. The Bank monitors credit quality within its segments based on primary credit quality indicators. This internal grading is updated at least annually. Disbursals under
one-time
restructurings are also included.
The amount of purchased financing receivables outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 was Rs. 710,194.7 million and Rs. 836,172.8 million, respectively.
The following table provides information on primary credit quality indicators as at March 31, 2021:
 
Credit quality
indicators-Internally
assigned grade
 
Prior
   
2017
   
2018
   
2019
   
2020
   
2021
   
Revolving

Loans
   
Revolving

loans

converted to

term loans
   
Total
 
   
(In millions)
 
Auto loans
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 4,599.0     Rs. 30,174.9     Rs. 99,159.5     Rs. 168,159.1     Rs. 266,277.0     Rs. 362,747.1     Rs. 4,460.3     Rs.     Rs. 935,576.9  
Non-performing
    736.9       2,066.2       6,048.0       9,260.9       8,513.0       1,033.0       818.3             28,476.3  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 5,335.9     Rs. 32,241.1     Rs. 105,207.5     Rs. 177,420.0     Rs. 274,790.0     Rs. 363,780.1     Rs. 5,278.6     Rs.     Rs. 964,053.2  
Personal loans/Credit card
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 613.8     Rs. 8,617.1     Rs. 48,658.4     Rs. 178,532.3     Rs. 483,925.8     Rs. 638,007.4     Rs. 326,118.9     Rs. 321,227.4     Rs. 2,005,701.1  
Non-performing
    118.6       601.7       3,144.1       8,704.2       11,381.7       1,162.5       8,259.7       3,653.6       37,026.1  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 732.4     Rs. 9,218.8     Rs. 51,802.5     Rs. 187,236.5     Rs. 495,307.5     Rs. 639,169.9     Rs. 334,378.6     Rs. 324,881.0     Rs. 2,042,727.2  
Retail business banking
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 35,189.0     Rs. 49,573.1     Rs. 121,663.7     Rs. 145,473.9     Rs. 209,578.9     Rs. 480,518.2     Rs. 934,520.2     Rs.     Rs. 1,976,517.0  
Non-performing
    3,584.6       2,717.7       4,863.1       3,865.9       1,883.4       1,053.4       13,360.8             31,328.9  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 38,773.6     Rs. 52,290.8     Rs. 126,526.8     Rs. 149,339.8     Rs. 211,462.3     Rs. 481,571.6     Rs. 947,881.0     Rs.     Rs. 2,007,845.9  
Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 517.8     Rs. 6,292.2     Rs. 44,766.4     Rs. 146,432.4     Rs. 214,342.4     Rs. 287,953.1     Rs. 73,010.2     Rs.     Rs. 773,314.5  
Non-performing
    155.9       836.6       4,397.4       11,112.3       10,159.4       1,086.1       4,267.6             32,015.3  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 673.7     Rs. 7,128.8     Rs. 49,163.8     Rs. 157,544.7     Rs. 224,501.8     Rs. 289,039.2     Rs. 77,277.8     Rs.     Rs. 805,329.8  
Housing loans
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 272,061.4     Rs. 111,758.9     Rs. 105,069.4     Rs. 152,564.7     Rs. 55,570.3     Rs. 38.9     Rs.     Rs.     Rs. 697,063.6  
Non-performing
    2,407.3       1,082.6       744.5       865.9       71.6                         5,171.9  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 274,468.7     Rs. 112,841.5     Rs. 105,813.9     Rs. 153,430.6     Rs. 55,641.9     Rs. 38.9     Rs.     Rs.     Rs. 702,235.5  
Other retail loans
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 2,406.7     Rs. 8,530.0     Rs. 20,090.5     Rs. 45,854.0     Rs. 129,946.8     Rs. 483,241.9     Rs. 576,986.7     Rs.     Rs. 1,267,056.6  
Non-performing
    2,626.0       1,214.6       2,082.0       4,710.1       7,442.1       1,534.0       19,975.6             39,584.4  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 5,032.7     Rs 9,744.6     Rs. 22,172.5     Rs. 50,564.1     Rs. 137,388.9     Rs. 484,775.9     Rs. 596,962.3     Rs.     Rs. 1,306,641.0  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
  Rs. 325,017.0     Rs. 223,465.6     Rs. 460,687.0     Rs. 875,535.7     Rs. 1,399,092.4     Rs. 2,258,375.6     Rs. 1,961,778.3     Rs. 324,881.0     Rs. 7,828,832.6  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
The following table provides information on primary credit quality indicators as at March 31, 2022:
 
Credit quality
indicators-Internally
assigned grade
 
Prior
   
2018
   
2019
   
2020
   
2021
   
2022
   
Revolving

loans
   
Revolving

loans

converted to

term loans
   
Total
 
   
(In millions)
 
Auto loans
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 8,466.2     Rs. 42,634.8     Rs. 89,161.9     Rs. 169,606.1     Rs. 252,295.7     Rs. 455,114.6     Rs. 5,072.1     Rs.     Rs. 1,022,351.4  
Non-performing
    846.1       2,866.6       5,455.2       6,323.4       2,973.5       661.7       1,315.1             20,441.6  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 9,312.3     Rs. 45,501.4     Rs. 94,617.1     Rs. 175,929.5     Rs. 255,269.2     Rs. 455,776.3     Rs. 6,387.2     Rs.     Rs. 1,042,793.0  
Personal loans/Credit card
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 1,374.4     Rs. 14,320.8     Rs. 67,477.1     Rs. 225,561.4     Rs. 336,526.1     Rs. 947,277.0     Rs. 381,900.4     Rs. 339,477.1     Rs. 2,313,914.3  
Non-performing
    201.7       910.2       4,184.4       7,967.1       3,931.7       1,722.7       6,405.6       2,734.1       28,057.5  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 1,576.1     Rs. 15,231.0     Rs. 71,661.5     Rs. 233,528.5     Rs. 340,457.8     Rs. 948,999.7     Rs. 388,306.0     Rs. 342,211.2     Rs. 2,341,971.8  
Retail business banking
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 52,347.2     Rs. 78,959.8     Rs. 97,361.4     Rs. 151,964.0     Rs. 306,673.0     Rs. 569,687.0     Rs. 1,324,274.5     Rs.     Rs. 2,581,266.9  
Non-performing
    3,661.9       3,736.0       3,429.5       2,598.7       2,880.8       412.2       19,101.1             35,820.2  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 56,009.1     Rs. 82,695.8     Rs. 100,790.9     Rs. 154,562.7     Rs. 309,553.8     Rs. 570,099.2     Rs. 1,343,375.6     Rs.     Rs. 2,617,087.1  
Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 1,837.4     Rs. 16,022.5     Rs. 69,418.2     Rs. 125,223.1     Rs. 185,561.0     Rs. 426,434.1     Rs. 101,478.2     Rs.     Rs. 925,974.5  
Non-performing
    210.8       1,391.5       6,224.5       8,010.6       3,883.8       651.3       4,719.0             25,091.5  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 2,048.2     Rs. 17,414.0     Rs. 75,642.7     Rs. 133,233.7     Rs. 189,444.8     Rs. 427,085.4     Rs. 106,197.2     Rs.     Rs. 951,066.0  
Housing loans
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 301,103.3     Rs. 85,682.1     Rs. 127,339.2     Rs. 46,798.3     Rs. 0.6     Rs. 263,480.5     Rs.     Rs.     Rs. 824,404.0  
Non-performing
    1,597.6       504.1       1,472.2       2,193.9       512.8       197.8                   6,478.4  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 302,700.9     Rs. 86,186.2     Rs. 128,811.4     Rs. 48,992.2     Rs. 513.4     Rs. 263,678.3     Rs.     Rs.     Rs. 830,882.4  
Other retail loans
                                                                       
Performing
  Rs. 4,260.4     Rs. 11,266.3     Rs. 20,843.1     Rs. 51,074.6     Rs. 131,647.7     Rs. 567,032.4     Rs. 691,150.7     Rs.     Rs. 1,477,275.2  
Non-performing
    2,989.1       1,434.6       4,470.0       10,682.7       3,645.0       1,004.1       25,233.7             49,459.2  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Subtotal
  Rs. 7,249.5     Rs 12,700.9     Rs. 25,313.1     Rs. 61,757.3     Rs. 135,292.7     Rs. 568,036.5     Rs. 716,384.4     Rs.     Rs. 1,526,734.4  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
  Rs. 378,896.1     Rs. 259,729.3     Rs. 496,836.7     Rs. 808,003.9     Rs. 1,230,531.7     Rs. 3,233,675.4     Rs. 2,560,650.4     Rs. 342,211.2     Rs. 9,310,534.7  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
  US$ 4,994.0     US$ 3,423.3     US$ 6,548.5     US$ 10,649.8     US$ 16,218.9     US$ 42,621.3     US$ 33,750.5     US$ 4,510.5     US$ 122,716.9  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Wholesale Loans
The Bank has a process in place of grading each borrower according to its financial health and the performance of its business and each borrower is graded as
pass/labeled/non-performing.
Wholesale loans that are not
non-performing
are disclosed as pass or labeled and considered to be performing. Labeled loans are those with evidence of weakness where such exposures indicate deteriorating trends which if not corrected could adversely impact repayment of the obligations. The Bank’s model assesses the overall risk over four major categories: industry risk, business risk, management risk and financial risk. The inputs in each of the categories are combined to provide an aggregate numerical rating, which is a function of the aggregate weighted scores based on the assessment under each of these four risk categories.
The following table provides information on primary credit quality indicators as at March 31, 2021.
 
Credit quality
indicators-Internally
assigned grade
  
Prior
    
2017
    
2018
    
2019
    
2020
    
2021
    
Revolving

Loans
    
Total
 
    
(In millions)
 
Wholesale loans
                                                                       
Pass
   Rs. 3,939.4      Rs. 3,332.3      Rs. 298,631.5      Rs. 324,816.0      Rs. 568,907.1      Rs. 2,007,206.0      Rs. 930,417.0      Rs. 4,137,249.3  
Labeled
                   7,503.2        10,194.9        2,427.6        4,073.6        13,257.2        37,456.5  
Non-performing
     445.8        84.3        10,893.1        4,778.7        1,445.3        2,255.7        20,276.6        40,179.5  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 4,385.2      Rs. 3,416.6      Rs. 317,027.8      Rs. 339,789.6      Rs. 572,780.0      Rs. 2,013,535.3      Rs. 963,950.8      Rs. 4,214,885.3  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
Non-performing
loans by industry as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 are as follows:
 
    
As of March 31, 2021
 
    
(In millions)
 
Gross
non-performing
loans by industry:
        
—Consumer Loans
   Rs. 47,028.8  
—Agri Production—Food
     21,028.5  
—Road Transportation
     18,344.8  
—Retail Trade
     17,242.9  
—Agri Allied
     10,829.6  
—Others (none greater than 5% of
non-performing
loans)
     99,307.8  
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 213,782.4  
    
 
 
 
 
    
As of March 31, 2022
 
    
(In millions)
 
Gross
non-performing
loans by industry:
                 
—Consumer Loans
   Rs. 35,554.7      US$ 468.6  
—Agri Production—Food
     23,569.7        310.7  
—Retail Trade
     15,124.1        199.3  
—Agri Allied
     13,255.0        174.7  
—Road Transportation
     12,961.6        170.8  
—Consumer services
     10,352.3        136.4  
—Others (none greater than 5% of
non-performing
loans)
     86,452.1        1,139.6  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 197,269.5      US$ 2,600.1  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Summary information relating to
non-performing
loans during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 is as follows:
 
    
Fiscal year ended March 31,
 
    
2020
    
2021
    
2022
    
2022
 
                             
    
(In millions)
 
Average impaired loans
   Rs. 148,924.7      Rs. 185,604.7      Rs. 205,526.0      US$ 2,708.9  
Interest income recognized on
non-performing
loans
   Rs. 10,160.5      Rs. 7,025.3      Rs. 11,881.0      US$ 156.6  
 
The Bank adopted on April 1, 2021 ASU 2016-13
 
“Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” effective April 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The adoption of ASC 326 had an impact of Rs. 83,496.4 million that was offset by a corresponding decrease in retained earnings of Rs. 62,480.4 million and Rs. 21,016.0 million increase in deferred tax assets. The increase in the allowance for credit losses required under the ASC 326 generally reflected the impact of reserves calculated over the life of loan, and more specifically higher reserves required for longer duration loan portfolios, and the utilization of a longer historical look-back period in the calculation of probability of default.
The following table illustrates the impact on allowances for credit losses on adopting ASC 326.
 
 
  
As of April 1, 2020
 
 
  
As reported
under ASC 326
 
  
Pre-ASC
 
326
adoption
 
  
Impact of
ASC 326
adoption
 
 
  
(In millions)
 
Loans:
  
     
  
     
  
     
Auto loans
  
 
Rs.29,099.9
 
  
 
Rs.19,219.0
 
  
 
Rs.9,880.9
 
Personal loans/Credit cards
  
 
85,188.2
 
  
 
47,097.1
 
  
 
38,091.1
 
Retail business banking
  
 
36,807.8
 
  
 
32,860.3
 
  
 
3,947.5
 
Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance
  
 
20,788.9
 
  
 
20,463.4
 
  
 
325.5
 
Housing loans
  
 
3,360.2
 
  
 
1,700.7
 
  
 
1,659.5
 
Other retail loans
  
 
38,098.6
 
  
 
37,864.3
 
  
 
234.3
 
Wholesale loans
  
 
66,502.6
 
  
 
39,628.4
 
  
 
26,874.2
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
  
 
Rs.279,846.2
 
  
 
Rs.198,833.2
 
  
 
Rs.81,013.0
 
Allowance for Credit Losses on AFS debt securities
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
  
     
  
     
  
     
Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures and undrawn commitments
  
 
Rs.5,523.4
 
  
 
Rs.3,226.8
 
  
 
Rs.2,296.6
 
Allowance for Credit Losses Other
  
 
186.8
 
  
 
 
  
 
186.8
 
Total
  
 
Rs. 285,556.4
 
  
 
Rs. 202,060.0
 
  
 
Rs. 83,496.4
 
Allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2020 were as follows:
 
   
Auto loans
   
Personal

loans/

Credit card
   
Retail

business

banking
   
Commercial

vehicle and

Construction

equipment

finance
   
Housing

loans
   
Other

retail
   
Wholesale
   
Retail
   
Wholesale
   
Total
 
                                                                                 
   
(In millions)
 
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of the period
  Rs. 6,169.0     Rs. 9,694.0     Rs. 21,595.3     Rs. 6,544.8     Rs.  1,105.2     Rs. 20,441.5     Rs. 20,233.2     Rs. 52,941.1     Rs. 9,507.9     Rs. 148,232.0  
Write-offs
    (11,524.3     (41,646.3     (9,379.0     (10,838.5     (130.3     (12,833.1     (6,328.1                 (92,679.6
Net allowance for credit losses*
    13,169.8       40,487.4       9,471.1       15,901.0       439.8       16,508.1       12,521.3       31,088.3       3,694.0       143,280.8  
Allowance for credit losses, end of the period
  Rs. 7,814.5     Rs. 8,535.1     Rs.  21,687.4     Rs. 11,607.3     Rs. 1,414.7     Rs. 24,116.5     Rs. 26,426.4     Rs. 84,029.4     Rs. 13,201.9     Rs. 198,833.2  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses:
                                                                               
Allowance individually evaluated for impairment
  Rs.     Rs.     Rs.     Rs.     Rs.     Rs.     Rs. 26,426.4     Rs.     Rs.     Rs. 26,426.4  
Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment
    7,814.5       8,535.1       21,687.4       11,607.3       1,414.7       24,116.5             84,029.4       13,201.9       172,406.8  
Loans:
                                                                               
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
                                        35,423.4                   35,423.4  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
    15,279.2       14,481.7       32,866.3       22,992.2       2,921.3       33,462.8             6,918,796.9       3,547,631.8       10,588,432.2  
 
*
Net allowances for credit losses charged to expense does not include the recoveries against
write-off
cases amounting to Rs
.
 
25,658.9 million. Recoveries from retail loans
are
 Rs. 22,548.7 million and from wholesale loans
are
 Rs. 3,110.2 million.
Allowances for credit losses as of March 31, 2021 are as follows:
 
   
Auto loans
   
Personal

loans/

Credit card
   
Retail

business

banking
   
Commercial

vehicle and

Construction

equipment

finance
   
Housing

loans
   
Other

retail
   
Wholesale
   
Total
 
                                                                 
   
(In millions)
 
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of the period
  Rs. 19,219.0     Rs. 47,097.1     Rs. 32,860.3     Rs. 20,463.4     Rs. 1,700.7     Rs. 37,864.3     Rs. 39,628.4     Rs. 198,833.2  
Impact of Adopting ASC 326
    9,880.9       38,091.1       3,947.5       325.5       1,659.5       234.3       26,874.2       81,013.0  
Write-offs
    (13,263.5     (61,571.8     (14,951.6     (15,921.5     (190.8     (9,942.8     (3,628.7     (119,470.7
Net allowance for credit losses*
    23,559.7       86,464.6       20,432.2       21,489.3       1,408.6       21,073.4       8,725.4       183,153.2  
Allowance for credit losses, end of the period
  Rs. 39,396.1     Rs. 110,081.0     Rs. 42,288.4     Rs. 26,356.7     Rs. 4,578.0     Rs. 49,229.2     Rs. 71,599.3     Rs. 343,528.7  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses:
                                                               
Individually evaluated Allowance
  Rs. 34.7     Rs. 4.0     Rs. 3,540.7     Rs. 59.6     Rs.     Rs. 72.1     Rs. 33,222.5     Rs. 36,933.6  
Collectively evaluated Allowance
    39,361.4       110,077.0       38,747.7       26,297.1       4,578.0       49,157.1       38,376.8       306,595.1  
Loans:
                                                 
Individually evaluated Loans
    49.5       4.2       3,560.8       59.7             92.7       42,786.8       46,553.7  
Collectively evaluated Loans
    964,003.7       2,042,723.0       2,004,285.1       805,270.1       702,235.5       1,306,548.3       4,172,098.5       11,997,164.2  
 
*
Net allowances for credit losses charged to expense does not include the recoveries against
write-off
cases amounting to Rs
.
28,919.8 million (US$ 395.4 million). Recoveries from retail loans is Rs. 28,605.8 million and from wholesale loans is Rs. 314.0 million.
Allowances for credit losses as of March 31, 2022 are as follows:
 
 
 
Auto loans
 
 
Personal

loans/

Credit card
 
 
Retail

business

banking
 
 
Commercial

vehicle and

Construction

equipment

finance
 
 
Housing

loans
 
 
Other

retail
 
 
Wholesale
 
 
Total
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
Allowance for
credit losses,
beginning of the
period
  Rs. 39,396.1     Rs. 110,081.0     Rs. 42,288.4     Rs. 26,356.7     Rs. 4,578.0     Rs. 49,229.2     Rs. 71,599.3     Rs. 343,528.7     US$ 4,527.9  
Write-offs
    (19,376.9     (74,500.8     (3,027.7     (16,592.0     (601.6     (17,567.4     (2,351.4     (134,017.8     (1,766.5
Net allowance for
credit losses*
    21,750.2       75,986.2       9,794.3       21,986.2       (1,284.2     29,775.2       5,153.0       163,160.9       2,150.5  
Allowance for
credit losses, end
of the period
  Rs. 41,769.4     Rs. 111,566.4     Rs. 49,055.0     Rs. 31,750.9     Rs. 2,692.2     Rs. 61,437.0     Rs. 74,400.9     Rs. 372,671.8     US$ 4,911.9  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Allowance for
credit losses:
                                                                       
Individually
evaluated
Allowance
  Rs. 18.4     Rs. 6.5     Rs. 2,651.4     Rs. 65.8     Rs.     Rs. 92.3     Rs. 35,619.7     Rs. 38,454.1     US$ 506.8  
Collectively
evaluated
Allowance
    41,751.0       111,559.9       46,403.6       31,685.1       2,692.2       61,344.7       38,781.2       334,217.7       4,405.1  
Loans:
                                                                       
Individually
evaluated
Loans
    31.5       29.4       2,651.4       66.3             126.6       41,832.9       44,738.1       589.7  
Collectively
evaluated
Loans
    1,042,761.5       2,341,942.4       2,614,435.7       950,999.7       830,882.4       1,526,607.8       5,057,176.4       14,364,805.9       189,334.4  
 
*
Net allowances for credit losses charged to expense does not include the recoveries against
write-off
cases amounting to Rs
.
36,181.4 million (US$ 476.9 million). Recoveries from retail loans is Rs. 35,385.3 million and from wholesale loans is Rs. 796.1 million.
The allowance for credit losses is assessed at each period end and the increase/(decrease), as the case may be is recorded in the income statement under provision for credit losses net of recoveries against write-offs.
Troubled debt restructuring (TDR)
When the Bank grants a concession, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, for other than an insignificant period of time, the related loan is classified as a TDR. Such concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate below current market rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. Loans, for which the terms have been modified, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered TDRs. On restructuring, those loans are
re-measured
to reflect the impact, if any, on projected cash flows resulting from the modified terms. The impact of the TDR modifications and defaults are factored into the allowance for credit losses on a
loan-by-loan
basis. Modification may have little or no impact on the allowance established for the loan if there was no forgiveness of the principal and the interest was not decreased. A charge off may be recorded at the time of restructuring if a portion of the loan is deemed to be uncollectible. A TDR classification can be removed if the borrower’s financial condition improves such that the borrower is no longer in financial difficulty, the loan has not had any forgiveness of principal or interest, and the loan is subsequently refinanced or restructured at market terms and qualifies as a new loan. There was no TDR modification during the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 respectively.
Interest on loans by facility are as follows:
 
    
Fiscal year ended March 31,
 
    
2020
    
2021
    
2022
    
2022
 
                                     
    
(In millions)
 
Wholesale loans
   Rs. 245,504.7      Rs. 263,190.7      Rs. 250,779.5      US$ 3,305.4  
Retail loans
     736,290.1        753,857.1        807,146.1        10,638.5  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   Rs. 981,794.8      Rs. 1,017,047.8      Rs. 1,057,925.6      US$ 13,943.9