<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000064040-24-000141.txt : 20240627
<SEC-HEADER>0000064040-24-000141.hdr.sgml : 20240627
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240627164659
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000064040-24-000141
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240627
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240627
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240627

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			S&P Global Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000064040
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-CONSUMER CREDIT REPORTING, COLLECTION AGENCIES [7320]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	07 Trade & Services
		IRS NUMBER:				131026995
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NY
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-01023
		FILM NUMBER:		241079907

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		55 WATER STREET
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10041
		BUSINESS PHONE:		212-438-1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		55 WATER STREET
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10041

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	MCGRAW HILL FINANCIAL INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20130502

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950502

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	MCGRAW HILL INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
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<title>spgi-20240627</title></head><body><div style="display:none"><ix:header><ix:hidden><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c-1" name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" id="f-21">0000064040</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c-1" name="dei:AmendmentFlag" format="ixt:fixed-false" id="f-22">FALSE</ix:nonNumeric></ix:hidden><ix:references xml:lang="en-US"><link:schemaRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="spgi-20240627.xsd"/></ix:references><ix:resources><xbrli:context id="c-1"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000064040</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2024-06-27</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2024-06-27</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context></ix:resources></ix:header></div><div id="i258f01a37cb14562814070c01e72b31a_1"></div><div style="min-height:42.75pt;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div><div style="-sec-extract:summary;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New 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name="dei:EntityFileNumber" id="f-5">1-1023</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c-1" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" id="f-6">13-1026995</ix:nonNumeric></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(Commission File No.)</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 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1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></div><div style="margin-top:9pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:36pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c-1" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" id="f-20">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> </span></div><div style="margin-top:9pt;padding-left:36pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#9744;</span></div><div style="height:42.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><span><br/></span></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"/><div style="min-height:42.75pt;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Item 5.02.&#160;&#160; </span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%;text-decoration:underline">Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Chief Executive Officer Transition</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">On June 27, 2024, S&amp;P Global Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) announced that Douglas L. Peterson will be retiring as Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, effective as of November 1, 2024, and thereafter is expected to serve as an employee and Senior Advisor until December 31, 2025.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">  </span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Mr. Peterson will also retire from the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) of the Company, effective at the next annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2025. </span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">The Board has unanimously appointed Martina L. Cheung, currently the Company's President of S&amp;P Global Ratings, to succeed Mr. Peterson as Chief Executive Officer and President, effective as of November 1, 2024, and has appointed Ms. Cheung to the Board of Directors, effective as of July 1, 2024. Yann Le Pallec, currently the Company&#8217;s Executive Managing Director, Head of Global Ratings Services, has been appointed to succeed Ms. Cheung as President of S&amp;P Global Ratings, effective as of November 1, 2024. </span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">The Board determined following a robust, multi-year succession planning process that Ms. Cheung is the best candidate to lead the Company following Mr. Peterson&#8217;s retirement. Ms. Cheung has held multiple leadership roles at the Company and has had a profound impact on the evolution and growth of the Company. The Board believes that the outcome of its succession planning process is a strong testament to the Company&#8217;s leadership teams&#8217; strengths and capabilities and has resulted in the appointment of an exceptional Chief Executive Officer who is a proven leader with deep expertise and unparalleled knowledge of the Company&#8217;s business, customers and opportunities. </span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Ms. Cheung joined S&amp;P Global in 2010 as Vice President of Operations and went on to serve as S&amp;P Global&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer, where she was responsible for developing the Company&#8217;s growth and innovation investment priorities. She was also Head of Risk Services in S&amp;P Global Market Intelligence, helping clients navigate the complex credit and risk landscape. She most recently served as President of S&amp;P Global Market Intelligence, and Ms. Cheung formerly served on the board of CRISIL.&#8239;Prior to joining the Company, she worked in the consulting industry, first in Accenture&#8217;s Financial Services Strategy group and later as a Partner at Mitchell Madison Consulting.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">  </span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">There are no family relationships between Ms. Cheung and any director or executive officer of the Company, and there are no relationships or related transactions between Ms. Cheung and the Company required to be reported.</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:104%">In connection with her appointment as Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, Ms. Cheung will receive (i) effective as of November 1, 2024, an increase in her annual base salary from $750,000 to $1,000,000 and an increase in her target annual bonus opportunity from $1,500,000 to $2,250,000, and (ii) effective as of January 1, 2025, an increase in her target long-term incentive opportunity from $3,750,000 to $9,000,000, which shall be granted on the Company&#8217;s 2025 annual award grant date.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Item 7.01.&#160;&#160; </span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">Financial Statements and Exhibits</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">A copy of the Company&#8217;s press release announcing the foregoing appointment is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated by reference in this Item 7.01. Pursuant to general instruction B.2 to Form 8-K, the information furnished pursuant to Item 7.01, including Exhibit 99, shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. </span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Item 9.01.&#160;&#160; </span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">Financial Statements and Exhibits</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(d) Exhibits. 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Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">/s/&#160;&#160;</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Alma Rosa Montanez</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">By:</span></td><td colspan="6" style="border-top:1pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Alma Rosa Montanez</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Assistant Corporate Secretary &amp; Chief Corporate Counsel</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/></tr><tr style="height:14pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Dated: June 27, 2024</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-indent:45pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="height:42.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><span><br/></span></div></div></div></body></html>
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<title>Document</title></head><body><div id="i0b49aeecf9aa4a5fac5340011ce6111f_35"></div><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:right"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Exhibit 99</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:18pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%">S&#38;P Global Announces Leadership Succession</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:18pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%"> </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Martina L. Cheung appointed President and Chief Executive Officer</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Douglas L. Peterson to retire&#8239;as CEO</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%"> </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Transition will occur on November 1, 2024&#59; Mr. Peterson to remain with Company as special advisor until December 31, 2025</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:16pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">NEW YORK, June 27, 2024 &#47;PRNewswire&#47; &#8212; S&#38;P Global (NYSE&#58; SPGI) announced today that its Board of Directors has unanimously elected Martina L. Cheung, S&#38;P Global&#8217;s current President of S&#38;P Global Ratings, to succeed Douglas L. Peterson as the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, effective November 1, 2024. Additionally, Ms. Cheung has been appointed as a member of the Board, effective July 1, 2024. Mr. Peterson will remain on the Board until May 2025 and be a special advisor to the Company until December 31, 2025.&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Ms. Cheung has held multiple leadership roles in her 14 years at S&#38;P Global. She currently leads S&#38;P Global Ratings, which realized $3.3 billion in annual revenue for 2023, a 9% increase over the prior year, with 56.5% full-year operating profit margin. Additionally, under her leadership, S&#38;P Global Sustainable1 had revenue growth of 24% in 2023. Prior to her current roles, Ms. Cheung led S&#38;P Global Market Intelligence, during which time the division exceeded $2 billion in annual revenue. She also served as S&#38;P Global&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer, responsible for developing the Company&#8217;s growth and innovation investment priorities. Additionally, she was Head of Risk Services in S&#38;P Global Market Intelligence, helping clients navigate the complex credit and risk landscape, and grew the business at a compound annual growth rate of more than 9%. Ms. Cheung has been instrumental in S&#38;P Global&#8217;s most significant mergers and acquisitions, including the IHS Markit merger in 2022 and the SNL Financial acquisition in 2015.&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#34;On behalf of our entire Board, I am delighted to have a leader of Martina&#8217;s exceptional caliber become S&#38;P Global's next President and CEO,&#34; said Mr. Peterson. &#34;As a long-standing member of the Executive Committee, Martina has had a profound impact on the evolution and growth of S&#38;P Global. She is a tremendous leader with deep operational expertise and unparalleled knowledge of our business and the entire industry.&#8221; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#34;The Board and I have had a robust succession process in place for many years, and now is the ideal time for this transition. With strong footholds in strategic growth areas spanning private markets, sustainability, and the energy transition, as well as leadership in artificial intelligence, we are optimally positioned for the long term,&#8221; Mr. Peterson continued. &#8220;The privilege of leading S&#38;P Global for the past 11 years has been the highlight of my career. Martina has been critical to so much of this success, and I am excited to support her as she leads us into the next phase of growth and innovation.&#8221;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#34;The selection of the CEO and ensuring a smooth and successful transition is one of the Board&#8217;s most important responsibilities,&#34; noted William D. Green, Chair of the Board&#8217;s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. &#34;The Board conducted a thorough and thoughtful process to identify the best leader for S&#38;P Global&#8217;s next chapter, and it is a strong testament to our leadership team&#8217;s strength and capabilities that we have the ideal candidate in Martina. We have the utmost confidence in her as she steps into the President and CEO position, and we look forward to working alongside her to deliver continued results and value for our customers, employees, and shareholders.&#8221;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Joining in 2011 and serving as CEO since 2013, Mr. Peterson has been integral to building the company S&#38;P Global is today and has overseen transformational growth. During his tenure as CEO, the Company generated exceptional performance, with revenue growing from $4.45 billion to $12.50 billion, adjusted diluted earnings per share increasing from $2.75 to $12.60, return of capital to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases totaling more than $30 billion, and the Company&#8217;s market cap increasing from $16 billion to over $135 billion. Further, Mr. Peterson oversaw important inorganic growth at the Company, culminating in its landmark acquisition of IHS Markit.&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#ff0000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#34;Doug is a visionary leader who led the Company through significant growth and success. We are very grateful for the indelible mark he has made,&#34; said Richard E. Thornburgh, Non-Executive Chairman of the Board. &#34;During his time as President and CEO, Doug led the evolution of our Company from a diversified publishing holding company to a focused, markets-oriented information services company. Anticipating the most important trends in financial markets, he invested in fast-growing areas, such as financial and sustainability data and benchmarks, artificial intelligence, technology, and global capabilities, while divesting slower growing, non-core businesses, creating incredible shareholder value. Doug&#8217;s legacy is truly admirable.&#8221;&#8239; </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8220;I am honored to be named S&#38;P Global&#8217;s next President and CEO and proud to guide our business and our extraordinary people across the globe,&#34; said Ms. Cheung. &#34;Doug&#8217;s vision and leadership transformed S&#38;P Global into the remarkable company it is today.&#8239; Doug has been an incredible leader for S&#38;P Global and a mentor to me personally. His legacy will be felt for years to come. I&#8217;m glad we will continue working closely together on a seamless transition for our shareholders, our customers, our people, and the markets we serve.&#8221; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Additionally, Yann Le Pallec, Executive Managing Director and Head of Global Ratings Services at S&#38;P Global Ratings, has been appointed to succeed Ms. Cheung as President of S&#38;P Global Ratings, effective November 1, 2024. &#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#ff0000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">The Company&#8217;s full-year financial guidance is unchanged.  </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%">About Martina L. Cheung</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Martina L. Cheung is President of S&#38;P Global Ratings. Ms. Cheung also serves as the Executive Lead of S&#38;P Global Sustainable1, responsible for driving the enterprise-wide growth strategy for sustainability.&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Ms. Cheung joined the Company in 2010 as Vice President of Operations for S&#38;P Global Ratings and went on to serve as S&#38;P Global&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer, where she was responsible for developing the Company&#8217;s growth and innovation investment priorities. She was also Head of Risk Services in S&#38;P Global Market Intelligence, helping clients navigate the complex credit and risk landscape. She most recently led S&#38;P Global Market Intelligence, and Ms. Cheung formerly served on the Board of CRISIL.&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Ms. Cheung is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Economic Club of New York, and served on the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission&#8217;s (CFTC) subcommittee on Climate-Related Market Risk. Ms. Cheung has spoken on key industry topics covering technology, cyber security, energy transition, and diversity in the workforce across public forums that include the World Economic Forum at Davos and the Institute for International Finance, among others.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">In recognition of her industry-wide impact and leadership, Ms. Cheung received the prestigious Merit Award from The Women's Bond Club in 2022. She was also honored by INvolve on the 2023 Top 100 Women Executives and the 2024 top 100 Empower Executives lists. Ms. Cheung was recognized at the 2022 Ascend A-List Awards for her contributions to advancing Pan-Asian professionals. She was </font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">also inducted into the Academy of Women Leaders by the YWCA New York City in 2016.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Ms. Cheung is the S&#38;P Global Executive Sponsor for the Women&#8217;s Initiative for Networking Success (WINS). Ms. Cheung serves on the Board of Trustees for Catholic Charities New York.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Prior to joining S&#38;P Global, Ms. Cheung worked in the consulting industry, first in Accenture&#8217;s Financial Services Strategy group and later as a Partner at Mitchell Madison Consulting. She holds a Bachelor&#8217;s Degree in Commerce and a Master&#8217;s Degree in Business Studies from National University of Ireland, Galway.&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239;&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%">About Douglas L. Peterson</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Throughout his tenure as CEO of S&#38;P Global, beginning in 2013, Douglas L. Peterson</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%"> </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">proved to be a purpose-driven and highly effective leader. His vision to drive growth in developed and emerging markets and to create new products and services, leveraging his global experience in financial services, capital markets, and risk management, has transformed the Company. &#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Mr. Peterson devised a highly successful strategy, repositioning the Company towards higher growth businesses, including early adoption of artificial intelligence and sustainability data and benchmarks, generating substantial shareholder value. In 2016, he rebranded the Company to S&#38;P Global reflecting its strong heritage, clear vision and values, and leading market position. &#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">When Mr. Peterson first joined S&#38;P Global in 2011 as President of the Company&#8217;s credit ratings business, he quickly established himself by delivering results and building strong relationships across a wide range of constituencies. He rebuilt trust in the ratings agency with policy makers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders following the financial crisis. He also established a control, compliance, and governance framework as the Company became more heavily regulated globally. &#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Before joining S&#38;P Global, Mr. Peterson was the Chief Operating Officer of Citibank, N.A., Citigroup&#8217;s principal banking entity that operates in more than 100 countries. His earlier roles included CEO of Citigroup Japan, in addition to serving as Citigroup&#8217;s chief auditor, and leadership roles in Uruguay and Costa Rica.&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">In 2019, Harvard Business Review named Mr. Peterson one of the 100 best-performing CEOs in the world. That same year, S&#38;P Global was ranked 50</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:5.52pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%;position:relative;top:-2.97pt;vertical-align:baseline">th</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%"> out of </font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">The Wall Street Journal&#8217;s Top 250 Best Managed Companies, and in 2021, S&#38;P Global was once again named to this prestigious list, coming in at number 30. In 2023, Fortune ranked S&#38;P Global number three on its Modern Board 25 list. Doug has also been ranked the #1 CEO in the Business, Education and Professional Services Sector by Institutional Investor annually over the last five years. &#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Doug is a leading voice on sustainability issues. He chairs the Bipartisan Policy Center&#8217;s ESG Taskforce, and in 2021 he led a workstream of the G7&#8217;s Impact Taskforce on mobilizing private capital for public good by advocating for globally consistent standards to measure, value, and account for sustainability.&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Doug chairs the U.S. Japan Business Council and is a member of the Boards of Directors of the Japan Society and National Bureau of Economic Research. In addition, he serves on the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s Systemic Resolution Advisory Committee, is a member of the Business Roundtable, and a member of the UN Global Compact Board. Doug is also a Trustee of Claremont McKenna College and the Paul Taylor Dance Company.&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%">About S&#38;P Global</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">S&#38;P Global (NYSE&#58; SPGI) provides essential intelligence. We enable governments, businesses and individuals with the right data, expertise and connected technology so that they can make decisions with conviction. From helping our customers assess new investments to guiding them through sustainability and energy transition across supply chains, we unlock new opportunities, solve challenges and accelerate progress for the world.&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8239; </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">We are widely sought after by many of the world's leading organizations to provide credit ratings, benchmarks, analytics and workflow solutions in the global capital, commodity and automotive markets. With every one of our offerings, we help the world's leading organizations plan for tomorrow, today.&#8239; </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%">Investor Relations&#58;</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Mark Grant</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Senior Vice President, Investor Relations</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Tel&#58;  + 1 347 640 1521</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%">Media&#58;</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Christina Twomey</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Global Head of Communications</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Tel&#58;  +1 410 382 3316</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div></body></html>
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    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_9552149e-1b20-4822-854c-1c296d74736d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_e2c4e308-df7f-4ed1-9424-a4d26b725c47_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_9801d282-fde3-455c-b3e1-ea51bb67455e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_a72cdfaf-787b-4e38-9436-ef872b1f7983_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications_7d2297bd-366e-4a4a-b71d-31342749d725_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_d64492b9-0522-43bf-bc7a-950bbc6f3f54_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CoverAbstract_ee04727b-2ba3-4cdf-98c4-70474974affe_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cover page.</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CoverAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="lab_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_96bbe9eb-f4a1-4b0d-8db1-ab8f9dedf74b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_3e8f0a65-fddc-4b50-939c-e8588ea9b886_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag_1a5807cb-6540-4f9b-86da-56a7e0fbd3db_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_9cb9a64d-0676-4ebc-89df-2b2d825faa10_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName_92dd19b6-01d7-47e8-a50a-9cec356747de_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_3917c011-7676-4b66-ba3c-850c750e3bc4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_6fbc5d04-6936-4acb-9f88-10efc42dfa8d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_f0501e41-a5fa-41e1-8e3a-62c094abdfbd_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_efc98bd8-d643-4ac7-973e-1e3938b2ed57_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>spgi-20240627_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.spglobal.com/role/CoverPage" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="spgi-20240627.xsd#CoverPage"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.spglobal.com/role/CoverPage" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_f7110cb6-10d8-4c18-950d-633f5b1db25c" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_4c288900-ed6b-4935-a715-3664c1e600da" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_7083f984-1bcb-4cc3-922a-1d3b27abe6f6" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_f7110cb6-10d8-4c18-950d-633f5b1db25c" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_7083f984-1bcb-4cc3-922a-1d3b27abe6f6" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_0df83c01-8a21-4734-aa29-3b03204e9e82" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.1.u2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139923715327936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover Page<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 27, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000064040<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 27,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">S&P Global Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-1023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">13-1026995<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">55 Water Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">New York<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">10041<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">212<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">438-1000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common stock (par value $1.00 per share)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">SPGI<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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