<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000064040-25-000175.txt : 20251113
<SEC-HEADER>0000064040-25-000175.hdr.sgml : 20251113
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251113075511
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000064040-25-000175
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20251113
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251113
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251113

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			S&P Global Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000064040
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-CONSUMER CREDIT REPORTING, COLLECTION AGENCIES [7320]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	07 Trade & Services
		EIN:				131026995
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NY
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-01023
		FILM NUMBER:		251475473

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		55 WATER STREET
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10041
		BUSINESS PHONE:		212-438-1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		55 WATER STREET
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10041

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	MCGRAW HILL FINANCIAL INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20130502

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950502

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	MCGRAW HILL INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>spgi-20251113.htm
<DESCRIPTION>8-K
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<title>spgi-20251113</title></head><body><div style="display:none"><ix:header><ix:hidden><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c-1" name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" id="f-21">0000064040</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c-1" name="dei:AmendmentFlag" format="ixt:fixed-false" id="f-22">FALSE</ix:nonNumeric></ix:hidden><ix:references xml:lang="en-US"><link:schemaRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="spgi-20251113.xsd"/></ix:references><ix:resources><xbrli:context id="c-1"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000064040</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2025-11-13</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2025-11-13</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context></ix:resources></ix:header></div><div id="ifae6aa9ee8184aeabe0cb14991337b4a_1"></div><div style="min-height:42.75pt;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div><div style="-sec-extract:summary;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New 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Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c-1" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" id="f-20">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> </span></div><div style="margin-top:9pt;padding-left:36pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#9744;</span></div><div style="height:42.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><span><br/></span></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"/><div style="min-height:42.75pt;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Item 7.01.&#160;&#160; </span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">Regulation FD Disclosure</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">On November 13, 2025, S&amp;P Global Inc. (the &#8220;Registrant&#8221;) issued a press release providing details with respect to its previously announced investor day to be held today.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">The press release is attached as Exhibit 99 to this Form 8-K and is incorporated by reference in this Item 7.01. Pursuant to general instruction B.2 to Form 8-K, the information furnished pursuant to Item 7.01, including Exhibit 99, shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. </span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">The information in this Form 8-K shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Item 9.01.&#160;&#160; </span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">Financial Statements and Exhibits</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(d) Exhibits. 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Matharu</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Deputy General Counsel &amp; Corporate Secretary</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/></tr><tr style="height:14pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"/></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Dated: November 13, 2025</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-indent:45pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="height:42.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><span><br/></span></div></div></div></body></html>
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<title>Document</title></head><body><div id="i4abd28bc009046be981a289f266e5118_37"></div><div style="min-height:29.25pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:right"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:47.509%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:50.291%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt;vertical-align:top"><div><img alt="imagea.jpg" src="imagea.jpg" style="height:91px;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:237px"></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">55 Water Street</font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;New York, NY 10041 </font></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:right"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">www.spglobal.com</font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font style="color:#6d6d6d;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:20pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Press Release</font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font style="color:#6d6d6d;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">For Immediate Release</font></div></td></tr></table></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">S&#38;P Global to Present Next Phase of its Growth Strategy and Medium-Term Financial Targets at Investor Day 2025</font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> </font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%"> </font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="margin-top:9pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Company to Outline its Mission of Advancing Essential Intelligence  </font></div><div style="margin-top:9pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Announces New Share Repurchase Program, up to 30 Million Shares</font></div><div style="margin-top:9pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">NEW YORK, November 13, 2025 -- S&#38;P Global (NYSE&#58; SPGI) will present the next phase of its growth strategy at its 2025 Investor Day today in New York. </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">S&#38;P Global President and Chief Executive Officer Martina Cheung</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> and executives will discuss how S&#38;P Global is &#8220;advancing essential intelligence&#8221; to enable its customers to make more confident decisions and remain a step ahead with S&#38;P Global&#8217;s industry-leading solutions. </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#34;This is a very exciting time at S&#38;P Global. Our customers and the markets in which they</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">operate, are evolving in ways that increase their need for our leading benchmarks, differentiated</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">data, and workflows,&#8221; said Ms. Cheung. &#8220;We have a clear strategy that we expect will advance</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">our current leadership positions and enable us to grow faster in high-growth adjacencies, while</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">amplifying our enterprise capabilities and integration of AI. We are engaged deeply with our</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">customers and enable them to answer their most pressing questions with confidence, wherever they choose to work.&#8221;</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">The Company expects to discuss its strategy, operations, and medium-term financial targets for its four core divisions&#58; Market Intelligence, Ratings, Energy, and S&#38;P Dow Jones Indices. In a release dated April 29, 2025, the Company announced its intent to separate S&#38;P Global Mobility (&#8220;Mobility&#8221;) from S&#38;P Global into a standalone public company. Medium-term financial targets at Investor Day exclude any contribution from Mobility. </font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">The Company does not expect to provide financial guidance for 2026 until its fourth-quarter earnings in F</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">ebruary 2026. </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">S&#38;P Global&#8217;s multi-year enterprise and divisional strategies center on three key objectives&#58;   </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.15pt">Advance Market Leadership&#58;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> Reinforce our position as the leading provider of benchmarks, data, and solutions to global and diverse end-markets by delivering trusted and differentiated data and best-in-class products through multiple channels.  </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.15pt">Expand High-Growth Adjacencies&#58;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> Accelerate growth in high-growth adjacencies, including private markets and energy expansion, alongside leading-edge AI and technology products and capabilities. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%;padding-left:14.15pt">Amplify Enterprise Capabilities and AI&#58;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%"> Expedite value creation for our customers by deploying more capabilities at scale across the enterprise, including data, AI, and customer engagement, and empowering our people to drive the change.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:60.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:29.25pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">S&#38;P Global Commodity Insights Division is now S&#38;P Global Energy</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">The division's new name reflects its strategic focus on providing benchmarks, data, and insights that enable its customers to plan, act, and thrive in a rapidly expanding and evolving global energy ecosystem. The S&#38;P Global Energy name speaks to the power of our shared strength when our insights, data and technologies work together across all energy sources and supply chains.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Enterprise Financial Targets</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">  </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">During the event, S&#38;P Global will introduce the following non-GAAP, medium-term financial targets. These targets assume issuance volumes (for Ratings) and market appreciation (for S&#38;P Dow Jones Indices) are in line with historical annual averages. Average adjusted margin expansion excludes the contribution from OSTTRA in 2025. 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Targets are as follows&#58;</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">Market Intelligence&#58; </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">6% to 8%</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">Ratings&#58;</font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> 6% to 9%</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">Energy&#58; </font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">6% to 8% </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">S&#38;P Dow Jones Indices&#58;</font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">10% to 12% </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">New Accelerated Share Repurchase Transaction </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">S&#38;P Global today also announced that its Board of Directors has authorized a new share repurchase program of up to 30 million shares. The Company previously announced a $2.5 billion Accelerated Share Repurchase (ASR) expected to launch in the fourth quarter following Investor Day. The Company reiterates its capital return framework, targeting the return of approximately 85% of adjusted free cash flow to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#34;S&#38;P Global has demonstrated a strong track record of delivering profitable growth while reinvesting in its business and returning significant capital to shareholders. We have full conviction that our focus on organic revenue growth and productivity will enable us to achieve our medium-term targets for profitable annual growth and deliver ongoing capital returns,&#8221; said S&#38;P Global Chief Financial Officer Eric Aboaf.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:60.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:29.25pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Access Details for Webcast</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">   </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">Attendance at the in-person event is by invitation only. Any interested parties may tune in to the live video webcast.    </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">Investor Day will begin streaming live on November 13, 2025 at 1&#58;00 p.m. EST and will conclude by 4&#58;00 p.m. EST. The video webcast will be available, live and in replay for one year, at https&#58;&#47;&#47;investorday2025.spglobal.com. Discussions may include forward-looking information.   </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">The presenters' slides will be posted to the Company's Investor Relations website on November 13, 2025 at 12&#58;45 p.m. EST. Additional information presented during Investor Day may be made available at http&#58;&#47;&#47;investor.spglobal.com.     </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Event Speakers</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">   </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">S&#38;P Global's leaders participating in the Investor Day include&#58;   </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">President and Chief Executive Officer Martina Cheung </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">Chief Financial Officer Eric Aboaf </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">Chief AI Officer &#38; Kensho Chief Executive Officer Bhavesh Dayalji</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">President, S&#38;P Global Energy Dave Ernsberger</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">President, S&#38;P Global Ratings Yann Le Pallec</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">Chief Client Officer Sally Moore</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">&#9642;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%;padding-left:14.11pt">President, S&#38;P Global Market Intelligence &#38; Chief Enterprise Data Officer Saugata Saha</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">About S&#38;P Global</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">S&#38;P Global (NYSE&#58; SPGI) enables businesses, governments, and individuals with trusted data, expertise and technology to make decisions with conviction. We are Advancing Essential Intelligence through world-leading benchmarks, data, and insights that customers need in order to plan confidently, act decisively, and thrive economically in a rapidly changing global landscape. &#8239; </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">From helping our customers assess new investments across the capital and commodities markets to guiding them through the energy expansion, acceleration of artificial intelligence, and evolution of public and private markets, we enable the world&#8217;s leading organizations to unlock opportunities, solve challenges, and plan for tomorrow &#8211; today. Learn more at www.spglobal.com. </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Contact&#58;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">   </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Investor Relations&#58;</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Mark Grant</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Senior Vice President, Investor Relations and Treasurer</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Tel&#58; +1 (347) 640-1521</font></div><div><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">mark.grant&#64;spglobal.com</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:112%">Media</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">&#58;</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Christina Twomey</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Chief Communications Officer</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">Tel&#58; +1 (410) 382-3316</font></div><div><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">christina.twomey&#64;spglobal.com</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:60.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:29.25pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Comparison of Adjusted Information to U.S. GAAP Information&#58; </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">The Company reports its financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (&#8220;GAAP&#8221;). The Company also refers to and presents certain additional non-GAAP financial measure targets, within the meaning of Regulation G under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These targets are&#58; non-GAAP organic constant currency revenue, non-GAAP adjusted operating profit margin, and non-GAAP adjusted diluted EPS. The Company is not able to provide reconciliations of these forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures to comparable GAAP measures because certain items required for such reconciliations are outside of the Company's control and&#47;or cannot be reasonably predicted without unreasonable effort.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">The Company&#8217;s non-GAAP measures include adjustments that reflect how management views our businesses. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information that enables investors to better compare the Company&#8217;s performance across periods, and management also uses these measures internally to assess the operating performance of its business, to assess performance for employee compensation purposes and to decide how to allocate resources. However, investors should not consider any of these non-GAAP measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the financial information that the Company reports.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Forward-Looking Statements&#58;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%"> This press release contains &#8220;forward-looking statements,&#8221; as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements, which express management&#8217;s current views concerning future events, trends, contingencies or results, appear at various places in this press release and use words like &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;assume,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;forecast,&#8221; &#8220;future,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;strategy,&#8221; &#8220;target&#8221; and similar terms, and future or conditional tense verbs like &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;might,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will&#8221; and &#8220;would.&#8221; For example, management may use forward-looking statements when addressing topics such as&#58; share repurchases, financial targets, the outcome of contingencies&#59; future actions by regulators&#59; changes in the Company&#8217;s business strategies and methods of generating revenue&#59; the development and performance of the Company&#8217;s services and products&#59; the expected impact of acquisitions and dispositions&#59; the Company&#8217;s effective tax rates&#59; the Company&#8217;s cost structure, dividend policy, cash flows or liquidity&#59; and the anticipated separation of S&#38;P Global Mobility (&#34;Mobility&#34;) into a standalone public company.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Forward-looking statements are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements include, among other things&#58;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">worldwide economic, financial, political, and regulatory conditions (including slower GDP growth or recession, restrictions on trade (e.g., tariffs), instability in the banking sector and inflation), and factors that contribute to uncertainty and volatility (e.g., supply chain risk), natural and man-made disasters, civil unrest, public health crises (e.g., pandemics), geopolitical uncertainty (including military conflict), and conditions that result from legislative, regulatory, trade and policy changes, including from the U.S. administration&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the volatility and health of debt, equity, commodities, energy and automotive markets, including credit quality and spreads, the composition and mix of credit maturity profiles, the level of liquidity and future debt issuances, equity flows from active to passive, fluctuations in average asset prices in global equities, demand for investment products that track indices and assessments and trading volumes of certain exchange-traded derivatives&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the demand and market for credit ratings in and across the sectors and geographies where the Company operates&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the Company&#8217;s ability to maintain adequate physical, technical and administrative safeguards to protect the security of confidential information and data, and the potential for a system or network disruption that results in regulatory penalties and remedial costs or improper disclosure of confidential information or data&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the outcome of litigation, government and regulatory proceedings, investigations and inquiries&#59;</font></div><div style="height:60.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:29.25pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">concerns in the marketplace affecting the Company&#8217;s credibility or otherwise affecting market perceptions of the integrity or utility of independent credit ratings, benchmarks, indices and other services&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the level of merger and acquisition activity in the United States and abroad&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the level of the Company&#8217;s future cash flows and capital investments&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the effect of competitive products (including those incorporating generative artificial intelligence (&#34;AI&#34;)) and pricing, including the level of success of new product developments and global expansion&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the impact of customer cost-cutting pressures&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">a decline in the demand for our products and services by our customers and other market participants&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">our ability to develop new products or technologies, to integrate our products with new technologies (e.g., AI), or to compete with new products or technologies offered by new or existing competitors&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">our ability to attract, incentivize and retain key employees, especially in a competitive business environment&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">our ability to successfully navigate key organizational changes, including among our executive leadership&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font 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United States and elsewhere around the globe affecting each of our businesses and the products they offer, and our compliance therewith&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the Company&#8217;s ability to make acquisitions and dispositions and successfully integrate the businesses we acquire&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">consolidation of the Company&#8217;s customers, suppliers or competitors&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the introduction of competing products or technologies by other companies&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the ability of the Company, and its third-party service providers, to maintain adequate physical and technological infrastructure&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the Company&#8217;s ability to successfully recover from a disaster or other business continuity problem, such as an earthquake, hurricane, flood, civil unrest, protests, military conflict, terrorist attack, outbreak of pandemic or contagious diseases, security breach, cyber attack, data breach, power loss, telecommunications failure or other natural or man-made event&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the impact on the Company&#8217;s revenue and net income caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the impact of changes in applicable tax or accounting requirements on the Company&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the separation of Mobility not being consummated within the anticipated time period or at all&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">the ability of the separation of Mobility to qualify for tax-free treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">any disruption to the Company&#8217;s business in connection with the proposed separation of Mobility&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">any loss of synergies from separating the businesses of Mobility and the Company that adversely impact the results of operations of both businesses, or the companies resulting from the separation of Mobility not realizing all of the expected benefits of the separation&#59; and</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:14.15pt">following the separation of Mobility, the combined value of the common stock of the two publicly-traded companies not being equal to or greater than the value of the Company&#8217;s common stock had the separation not occurred.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:60.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:29.25pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">The factors noted above are not exhaustive. The Company and its subsidiaries operate in a dynamic business environment in which new risks emerge frequently. Accordingly, the Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date on which it is made, except as required by applicable law. Further information about the Company&#8217;s businesses, including information about factors that could materially affect its results of operations and financial condition, is contained in the Company&#8217;s filings with the SEC, including Item 1A, Risk Factors in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recently filed Quarterly Report on Form <br>10-Q.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:60.75pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div></body></html>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_dc858916-198e-4181-a3ca-32d8c3464c74_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_TradingSymbol_76a93d95-44f7-4efa-8781-d5964515337c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_TradingSymbol_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="lab_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_fabba5d9-12c7-43b5-8ccc-25e853b13c25_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_2d30daa1-9e93-4d24-b926-ca1e5b96f3de_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_5b0b0141-6877-4508-aac8-d895b8540579_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_18b8377f-1a2a-4e1d-a4ac-26931fe73601_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_0d6a0106-9680-4327-9eff-4d8b3e74cd45_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_ce47aba7-f89a-4d05-8d5d-f1d47f8e8159_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_2fa3ff67-6ebd-4abf-a9e5-7528e06df595_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_08dddef3-6864-4ece-8c98-a16f460f87c6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>spgi-20251113_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.spglobal.com/role/CoverPage" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="spgi-20251113.xsd#CoverPage"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.spglobal.com/role/CoverPage" xlink:type="extended">
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_6c5b9302-f7f0-43ee-81ad-c49f6a2ba931" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_d2df8604-7534-4417-996b-6144ef9565d8" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_70c48c8c-225f-4dda-8e08-a2128586e754" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_2c0e90f2-8c44-4cf8-aae9-0bbebfab6ec7" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_72f66fbe-5345-4ac9-85c8-b85a7293bda5" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_2c0e90f2-8c44-4cf8-aae9-0bbebfab6ec7" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_122fb77f-4812-4376-a629-0267a79d6af0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_3541b439-784d-4a84-9983-93c04ef49349" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_041aaf53-bf71-47a4-8123-7ce7a4f70e80" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_d69e02a0-2ba7-4057-960b-1e5f1732d5a2" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_0b818aad-a08a-4722-a2c9-8960d8ca87a4" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover Page<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 13, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000064040<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 13,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">S&P Global Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-1023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">13-1026995<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">55 Water Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">New York<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">10041<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">212<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">438-1000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common stock (par value $1.00 per share)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">SPGI<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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