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Share-Based Compensation (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Summary Of Stock Option Activity Under All Stock Plans | Option activity during fiscal 2019 under all the stock plans was as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
|  |  | Stock Options Outstanding |  |
|  |  | Number Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | $ | 200.79 |
Options granted |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 523.30 |
Options exercised |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | $ | 159.46 |
Options forfeited/expired |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | $ | 381.82 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | $ | 246.64 |
Summary Of Significant Ranges Of Outstanding And Exercisable Options | The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable options as of December 31, 2019 (number of shares and aggregate intrinsic value in millions):
|  | Options Outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Options Exercisable |  |  |  |  |  |
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
$86.88-$148.03 |  | 1.1 |  |  | 2.8 |  | $ | 127.46 |  |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 127.46 |  |  |
$150.50-$172.44 |  | 1.4 |  |  | 3.6 |  | $ | 166.28 |  |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 166.29 |  |  |
$172.76-$231.00 |  | 1.2 |  |  | 5.1 |  | $ | 194.42 |  |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  |  | $ | 193.89 |  |  |
$231.11-$505.36 |  | 1.1 |  |  | 8.1 |  | $ | 376.53 |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 334.67 |  |  |
$508.19-$585.57 |  | 0.6 |  |  | 9.0 |  | $ | 536.41 |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 531.66 |  |  |
Total |  | 5.4 |  |  | 5.3 |  | $ | 246.64 |  |  | $ | 1,844.4 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.4 |  | $ | 195.76 |  |  | $ | 1,702.4 |
(1)The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on the Company’s closing stock price of $591.15 at December 31, 2019, which would have been received by the option holders had all in-the-money option holders exercised their options as of that date.
Summary of RSU Activity | RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2019, was as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balance at December 31, 2018 | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 295.70 |
Granted | 0.8 |  |  | 541.36
Vested | (0.8) |  |  | 258.87
Forfeited | (0.1) |  |  | 382.52
Unvested balance at December 31, 2019 | 1.9 |  |  | 410.09
Summary Of Share-Based Compensation Expense | The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):
| Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Cost of sales—products | $ | 46.6 |  |  | $ | 36.4 |  |  | $ | 28.1 |
Cost of sales—services | 20.4 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 14.0 |
Total cost of sales | 67.0 |  |  | 53.2 |  |  | 42.1 |
Selling, general and administrative | 169.5 |  |  | 133.2 |  |  | 111.8 |
Research and development | 101.4 |  |  | 76.2 |  |  | 56.0 |
Share-based compensation expense before income taxes | 337.9 |  |  | 262.6 |  |  | 209.9 |
Income tax effect | 70.2 |  |  | 54.3 |  |  | 49.2 |
Share-based compensation expense after income taxes | $ | 267.7 |  |  | $ | 208.3 |  |  | $ | 160.7 |
Schedule Of Estimated Fair Values Of The Option Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, Weighted Average Assumptions and Fair Value of RSUs | The weighted-average estimated fair values of stock options, the rights to acquire stock under the ESPP, and RSUs, as well as the weighted average assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock options and rights to acquire stock under the ESPP that were granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
STOCK OPTION PLANS | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Risk-free interest rate | 2.0 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 1.8 | %
Expected term (years) | 4.1 |  | 4.3 |  | 4.1
Volatility | 30 | % |  | 33 | % |  | 25 | %
Fair value at grant date | $ | 142.53 |  |  | $ | 146.30 |  |  | $ | 67.03 |
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN |  |  |  |  |
Risk-free interest rate | 2.1 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  | 1.2 | %
Expected term (years) | 1.2 |  | 1.3 |  | 1.2
Volatility | 29 | % |  | 32 | % |  | 28 | %
Fair value at grant date | $ | 148.99 |  |  | $ | 135.84 |  |  | $ | 79.77 |
RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS |  |  |  |  |
Fair value at grant date | $ | 541.36 |  |  | $ | 431.11 |  |  | $ | 249.34 |

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