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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (“Financial Statements”) of Intuitive Surgical, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries have been prepared on a consistent basis with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the information set forth herein. The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, therefore, omit certain information and footnote disclosure necessary to present the Financial Statements in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). These Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on February 7, 2020. The results of operations for the first six months of fiscal year 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year or any future periods.
Consolidation and Joint Ventures | The Financial Statements include the results and the balances of the Company’s majority-owned joint venture (referred to herein as the “Joint Venture”) with Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd. (“Fosun Pharma”). The Company holds a controlling financial interest in the Joint Venture, and the noncontrolling interest is reflected as a separate component of consolidated stockholders’ equity. The noncontrolling interest’s share of the earnings in the Joint Venture is presented separately in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326) (“Topic 326”), which replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost. The Company adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective transition method, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, to the opening balance of retained earnings to be recognized on the date of adoption with prior periods not restated. The cumulative-effect adjustment recorded on January 1, 2020, was not material. Please see the description of the Company’s “Credit Losses” accounting policy in the “Significant Accounting Policies” section below. Significant Accounting Policies With the exception of the aspects within the Customer Relief Program noted above and the change for the accounting of credit losses as a result of the adoption of Topic 326, there have been no new or material changes to the significant accounting policies discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, that are of significance, or potential significance, to the Company. Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized bad debt expense of $2.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively. For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, bad debt expense was not significant. Net investment in sales-type leases. The Company enters into sales-type leases with certain qualified customers to purchase its systems. Sales-type leases have terms that generally range from 24 to 84 months and are usually collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. The allowance for loan loss is based on the Company's assessment of current expected lifetime loss on lease receivables. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the lease receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay. Lease receivables are considered past due 90 days after invoice. The Company manages the credit risk in net investment in sales-type leases using a number of factors, including, but not limited to the following: size of operations; profitability, liquidity, and debt ratios; payment history; and past due amounts. The Company also uses credit scores obtained from external providers as a key credit quality indicator for the purposes of determining credit quality. The following table presents credit quality by class of net investment in sales-type lease as of June 30, 2020. The following table summarizes the amortized cost basis by year of origination and credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2020 (in millions):
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior |  | Net Investment
Credit Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
High | $ | 41.3 |  |  | $ | 51.6 |  |  | $ | 18.7 |  |  | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 127.3 |
Moderate | 30.4 |  |  | 34.4 |  |  | 22.1 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 97.0 |
Low | 3.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.6 |
Total | $ | 75.3 |  |  | $ | 86.0 |  |  | $ | 42.6 |  |  | $ | 18.4 |  |  | $ | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 232.9 |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized no credit loss and a credit loss of $0.9 million, respectively, related to net investment in sales-type leases. For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the credit loss related to net investment in sales-type leases was not significant. Available-for-sale debt securities. The Company's investment portfolio at any point in time contains investments in U.S. treasury and U.S. government agency securities, taxable and tax-exempt municipal notes, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, non-U.S. government agency securities, cash deposits, and money market funds. The Company segments its portfolio based on the underlying risk profiles of the securities and have a zero loss expectation for U.S. treasury and U.S. government agency securities. The Company regularly reviews the securities in an unrealized loss position and evaluates the current expected credit loss by considering factors such as historical experience, market data, issuer-specific factors, and current economic conditions. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized no credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized a credit loss of $1.2 million related to available-for-sales debt securities. For both the three and six June 30, 2019, there were no credit losses recognized related to available-for-sales debt securities. The Company's exposure to credit losses may increase if its customers are adversely affected by changes in healthcare laws, coverage, and reimbursement, economic pressures or uncertainty associated with local or global economic recessions, disruption associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, or other customer-specific factors. Although the Company has historically not experienced significant credit losses, it is possible that there could be a material adverse impact from potential adjustments of the carrying amount of lease and trade receivables as hospital's cash flows are impacted by their response to the COVID-19 pandemic and deferral of elective surgical procedures.

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