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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock Option Activity Under All Stock Plans
A summary of stock option activity under all stock plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, is presented as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
 Stock Options Outstanding
 Number
Outstanding
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price Per
Share
Balance as of December 31, 2021
11.7 $125.07 
Options granted1.1 $250.26 
Options exercised(1.4)$76.22 
Options forfeited/expired(0.1)$236.30 
Balance as of September 30, 2022
11.3 $141.78 
Summary of RSU Activity
A summary of RSUs activity under all stock plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, is presented as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
 SharesWeighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2021
4.8 $207.37 
RSUs granted1.9 $276.28 
RSUs vested(1.8)$189.31 
RSUs forfeited(0.2)$232.59 
Unvested balance as of September 30, 2022
4.7 $241.87 
Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 (in millions):
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
Cost of sales–products$22.0 $19.0 $61.0 $50.9 
Cost of sales–services6.3 6.0 17.7 16.9 
Total cost of sales28.3 25.0 78.7 67.8 
Selling, general, and administrative68.0 62.5 191.0 171.3 
Research and development42.3 35.4 117.6 98.1 
Share-based compensation expense before income taxes138.6 122.9 387.3 337.2 
Income tax benefit26.9 24.8 75.0 67.9 
Share-based compensation expense after income taxes$111.7 $98.1 $312.3 $269.3 
Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of the Option Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, Weighted Average Assumptions The weighted-average estimated fair values of stock options and the rights to acquire stock under the ESPP, as well as the weighted-average assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock options and the rights to acquire stock under the ESPP that were granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, were as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
Stock Options
Risk-free interest rate3.4%0.8%2.5%0.8%
Expected term (in years)3.03.83.24.1
Expected volatility42%31%38%32%
Fair value at grant date$66.00$87.35$73.51$78.17
ESPP
Risk-free interest rate2.9%0.1%2.1%0.1%
Expected term (in years)1.21.21.21.2
Expected volatility40%29%39%29%
Fair value at grant date$75.01$91.07$80.61$89.98