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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of RSU Activity
A summary of RSU activity under all stock plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
 SharesWeighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2022
4.6 $241.47 
RSUs granted2.4 $235.57 
RSUs vested(1.8)$222.84 
RSUs forfeited(0.2)$246.83 
Unvested balance as of September 30, 2023
5.0 $244.89 
Summary of Stock Option Activity Under All Stock Plans
A summary of stock option activity under all stock plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
 Stock Options Outstanding
 Number
Outstanding
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price Per
Share
Balance as of December 31, 2022
10.8 $144.86 
Options granted1.4 $267.32 
Options exercised(1.9)$80.91 
Options forfeited/expired(0.1)$259.12 
Balance as of September 30, 2023
10.2 $171.54 
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Performance Shares, Activity
A summary of PSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
 
Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested balance as of December 31, 20220.1 $299.32 
Granted0.1 $240.45 
Vested— $— 
Performance change— $— 
Forfeited— $235.84 
Unvested balance as of September 30, 20230.2 $259.60 
Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 (in millions):
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
Cost of sales – products (before capitalization)$24.7 $22.0 $70.4 $61.0 
Amounts capitalized into inventory (1)
(23.2)— (63.1)— 
Amounts recognized in income for amounts previously capitalized in inventory21.1 — 53.0 — 
Cost of sales – products$22.6 $22.0 $60.3 $61.0 
Cost of sales – services7.3 6.3 21.3 17.7 
Total cost of sales29.9 28.3 81.6 78.7 
Selling, general, and administrative71.9 68.0 206.6 191.0 
Research and development55.3 42.3 157.7 117.6 
Share-based compensation expense before income taxes157.1 138.6 445.9 387.3 
Income tax benefit28.7 26.9 85.2 75.0 
Share-based compensation expense after income taxes$128.4 $111.7 $360.7 $312.3 
(1) Share-based compensation expense subject to capitalization into inventory was not material during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and, therefore, not recorded. The Company commenced capitalization of share-based compensation expense into inventory during the quarter ended December 31, 2022, on a prospective basis.
Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of the Option Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, Weighted Average Assumptions The weighted-average estimated fair values of stock options and the rights to acquire stock under the ESPP, as well as the weighted-average assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock options and the rights to acquire stock under the ESPP that were granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, were as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
Stock Options
Risk-free interest rate4.5%3.4%4.6%2.5%
Expected term (in years)2.93.03.23.2
Expected volatility32%42%33%38%
Fair value at grant date$82.63$66.00$77.41$73.51
ESPP
Risk-free interest rate5.2%2.9%5.0%2.1%
Expected term (in years)1.21.21.21.2
Expected volatility31%40%33%39%
Fair value at grant date$98.96$75.01$89.42$80.61