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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Feb. 01, 2025

The Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto of The TJX Companies, Inc. (referred to as “TJX” or “the Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the Consolidated Financial Statements of all of TJX’s subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All of the Company's activities are conducted by TJX or its subsidiaries and are consolidated in these Consolidated Financial Statements. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments for which the Company exercises significant influence but does not have control are accounted for under the equity method.

Fiscal Year

TJX’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to the last day of January of each year. The fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 (“fiscal 2025”) is a 52-week fiscal year. The fiscal year ended February 3, 2024 (“fiscal 2024”) was a 53-week fiscal year, and the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023 (“fiscal 2023”) was a 52-week fiscal year. Fiscal 2026 will be a 52-week fiscal year and will end January 31, 2026.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. TJX considers its accounting policies relating to inventory valuation, reserves for uncertain tax positions and loss contingencies to be the most significant accounting policies that involve management estimates and judgments. Actual amounts could differ from these estimates, and such differences could be material.

Revenue Recognition

Net Sales

Net sales consist primarily of merchandise sales, which are recorded net of a reserve for estimated returns, any discounts and sales taxes, for the sales of merchandise both within TJX’s stores and online. Net sales also include an immaterial amount of other revenues that represent less than 1% of total revenues, including revenue generated by the TJX-branded credit card program. In addition, certain customers, primarily Associates, may receive discounts that are accounted for as consideration reducing the transaction price. Merchandise sales from TJX’s stores are recognized at the point of sale when TJX provides the merchandise to the customer. The performance obligation is fulfilled at this point when the customer has obtained control by paying for and leaving with the merchandise. Merchandise sales made online are recognized when the product has been shipped, which is when legal title has passed and when TJX is entitled to payment, and the customer has obtained the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the goods. Shipping and handling activities related to online sales occur after the customer obtains control of the goods. TJX’s policy is to treat shipping costs as part of its fulfillment center costs within operating expenditures. As a result, shipping fee revenues received are recognized when control of the goods transfer to the customer and are recorded as net sales. Shipping and handling costs incurred by TJX are included in cost of sales, including buying and occupancy costs. TJX disaggregates revenue by segment, see Note G—Segment Information.

Deferred Gift Card Revenue

Proceeds from the sale of gift cards as well as the value of store cards issued to customers as a result of a return or exchange are deferred until the customers use the cards to acquire merchandise, as TJX does not fulfill its performance obligation until the gift card has been redeemed. While gift cards have an indefinite life, substantially all are redeemed in the first year of issuance.

The following table presents deferred gift card revenue activity:


In millions	February 1, 2025		February 3, 2024
			(53 weeks)
Balance, beginning of year	$	773	$	721
Deferred revenue	2,005		2,020
Effect of exchange rate changes on deferred revenue	(8)		(1)
Revenue recognized	(1,946)		(1,967)
Balance, end of year	$	824	$	773

In addition to the deferred gift card activity presented in the table above, TJX recognized approximately $1.9 billion in fiscal 2023. Gift cards are combined in one homogeneous pool and are not separately identifiable. As such, the revenue recognized consists of gift cards that were part of the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period as well as gift cards that were issued during the period. Based on historical experience, the Company estimates the amount of gift cards and store cards that will not be redeemed (referred to as breakage) and, to the extent allowed by local law, these amounts are amortized into income over the estimated redemption period. Revenue recognized from breakage was $38 million in fiscal 2025, $36 million in fiscal 2024 and $44 million in fiscal 2023.

Sales Return Reserve

The Company's products are generally sold with a right of return and the Company may provide other credits or incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. The Company has elected to apply the portfolio practical expedient. The Company estimates the variable consideration using the expected value method when calculating the returns reserve because the difference in applying it to the individual contract would not differ materially. Returns are estimated based on historical experience and are required to be established and presented at the gross sales value with an asset established for the estimated value of the merchandise returned separately from the refund liability. Liabilities for return allowances are included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” and the estimated value of the merchandise to be returned is included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Consolidated Statements of Income Classifications

Cost of sales, including buying and occupancy costs, includes the cost of merchandise sold including foreign currency gains and losses on merchandise purchases denominated in other currencies; gains and losses on inventory and fuel-related derivative contracts; asset retirement obligation costs; divisional occupancy costs (including real estate taxes, utility and maintenance costs and fixed asset depreciation); the costs of operating distribution centers; payroll, benefits and travel costs directly associated with buying inventory; and systems costs related to the buying and tracking of inventory.

Selling, general and administrative expenses include store payroll, benefits and supplies costs; communication costs; credit and check expenses; advertising; administrative and field management payroll, benefits and travel costs; corporate administrative costs and depreciation; gains and losses on non-inventory related foreign currency exchange contracts; and other miscellaneous income and expense items.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

TJX generally considers highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. If applicable, investments with maturities greater than 90 days but less than one year at the date of purchase are included in short-term investments. These investments are classified as trading securities and are stated at fair value. Investments are classified as either short-term or long-term based on their original maturities. TJX’s investments are primarily institutional money market funds, bank investment products with major banks (such as time deposits), and high-grade commercial paper.

Merchandise Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. TJX uses the retail method for valuing inventories at all of its businesses, except TK Maxx in Australia which is immaterial to TJX’s total inventory. The businesses that utilize the retail method have some inventory that is initially valued at cost before the retail method is applied as that inventory has not been fully processed for sale (i.e. inventory in transit and unprocessed inventory in the Company’s distribution centers). Under the retail method, TJX utilizes a permanent markdown strategy and lowers the cost value of the inventory that is subject to markdown at the time the retail prices are lowered in the stores. TJX records inventory at the time title transfers, which is typically at the time when inventory is shipped.

Common Stock and Equity

Equity transactions consist primarily of the repurchase by TJX of its common stock under its stock repurchase programs and the recognition of compensation expense and issuance of common stock under TJX’s Stock Incentive Plan. Under TJX’s stock repurchase programs, the Company repurchases its common stock on the open market. The par value of the shares repurchased is charged to Common stock with the excess of the purchase price over par first charged against any available Additional paid-in capital (“APIC”) and the balance charged to Retained earnings. Due to the volume of share repurchases under previous programs, TJX has historically had no remaining balance in APIC. All shares repurchased have been retired.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) introduced a 1% excise tax after December 31, 2022 on the fair market value of certain stock that is repurchased during the taxable year. The taxable amount is reduced by the fair market value of certain issuances of stock throughout the year. Any excise tax incurred on repurchases is recognized as part of the cost of the repurchase.

Shares issued under TJX’s Stock Incentive Plan are issued from authorized but unissued shares, and proceeds received are recorded by increasing common stock for the par value of the shares with the excess over par added to APIC. A deferred tax asset is recorded upon expensing of stock compensation in the financial statements. This deferred tax asset is recognized upon the exercise of the related stock grants. Any excess tax benefits or deficiencies are included in the provision for income taxes. The par value of performance share units and restricted stock units is added to common stock when shares are delivered following performance measurement date or service period to the extent vesting requirements have been achieved. The fair value of stock awards and units are added to APIC as the awards are amortized into earnings over the related requisite service periods.

Share-Based Compensation

TJX accounts for share-based compensation by estimating the fair value of each award on the date of grant. TJX uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model for options awarded and the market price on the grant date for stock awards. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period for each award with forfeitures recognized as they occur. Performance-based awards are evaluated quarterly for probability of vesting and performance achievement levels.

Interest (Income) Expense, net

TJX’s interest (income) expense, net is presented net of capitalized interest and interest income. The following is a summary of interest (income) expense, net:


	Fiscal Year Ended
In millions	February 1, 2025		February 3, 2024		January 28, 2023
			(53 weeks)
Interest expense	$	78	$	82	$	91
Capitalized interest	(2)		(3)		(7)
Interest (income)	(257)		(249)		(78)
Interest (income) expense, net	$	(181)	$	(170)	$	6

TJX capitalizes interest during the active construction period of major capital projects and adds the interest to the related assets.

Property and Equipment

For financial reporting purposes, TJX provides for depreciation and amortization of property using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Buildings are depreciated over 33 years. Leasehold costs and improvements are generally amortized over their useful life or the committed lease term (typically 10 years to 15 years), whichever is shorter. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated over 3 to 10 years. Depreciation and amortization expense for property was $1.1 billion in fiscal 2025, $958 million in fiscal 2024, and $879 million in fiscal 2023. TJX had no property held under finance leases during fiscal 2025, fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Significant costs incurred for internally developed software are capitalized and amortized, generally over 5 years. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of disposed assets and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated, and any gain or loss is included in income. Pre-opening costs, including rent, are expensed as incurred.

Lease Accounting

Operating leases are included in “Operating lease right of use assets,” “Current portion of operating lease liabilities,” and “Long-term operating lease liabilities” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent TJX’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent TJX’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. At the inception of the arrangement, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease based on assessment of the terms and conditions of the contract. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at possession date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The majority of the Company’s leases are retail store locations, and the possession date is typically 30 to 60 days prior to the opening of the store and generally occurs before the commencement of the lease term, as specified in the lease. TJX’s lessors do not provide an implicit rate, nor is one readily available, therefore the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at possession date in determining the present value of future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated based on the US Consumer Discretionary yield curve and adjusted for collateralization and foreign currency impact for TJX International and Canada leases. The operating lease ROU assets also include any acquisition costs offset by lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms include options to extend the lease, which will be included in the operating lease ROU asset and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term within “Cost of sales, including buying and occupancy costs”.

Goodwill and Tradenames

Goodwill includes the excess of the purchase price paid over the carrying value of the minority interest acquired in fiscal 1990 in TJX’s former 83%-owned subsidiary and represents goodwill associated with the TJ Maxx chain, which is included in the Marmaxx segment. The Company’s goodwill also includes the excess of cost over the estimated fair market value of the net assets acquired by TJX in the purchase of Winners in fiscal 1991, included in TJX Canada, as well as the purchase of Trade Secret in fiscal 2016, which was re-branded under the TK Maxx name during fiscal 2018 and is included in TJX International.

The following is a roll forward of goodwill by segment:


In millions	Marmaxx		TJX Canada		TJX International		Total
Balance, January 28, 2023	$	70	$	2	$	25	$	97

Effect of exchange rate changes on goodwill	—		0		(2)		(2)
Balance, February 3, 2024	$	70	$	2	$	23	$	95
Effect of exchange rate changes on goodwill	—		(0)		(1)		(1)
Balance, February 1, 2025	$	70	$	2	$	22	$	94

Goodwill is considered to have an indefinite life and accordingly is not amortized.

Tradenames, which are included in other assets, are the value assigned to the name “Marshalls,” acquired by TJX in fiscal 1996 as part of the acquisition of the Marshalls chain, the value assigned to the name “Sierra Trading Post,” acquired by TJX in fiscal 2013 and the value assigned to the name “Trade Secret,” acquired by TJX in fiscal 2016. The tradenames were valued utilizing the relief from royalty method, which calculates the discounted present value of assumed after-tax royalty payments. The Marshalls tradename is considered to have an indefinite life and accordingly is not amortized.

The following is a roll forward of tradenames:


	Fiscal Year Ended
	February 1, 2025				February 3, 2024
In millions	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Sierra Trading Post	$	39	$	(39)	$	—	$	39	$	(39)	$	—
Indefinite-lived intangible asset:
Marshalls	$	108	$	—	$	108	$	108	$	—	$	108

TJX occasionally acquires or licenses other trademarks to be used in connection with private label merchandise. Such trademarks are included in other assets and are amortized to cost of sales, including buying and occupancy costs, over their useful life, generally from 7 to 10 years.

Goodwill, tradenames and trademarks, and the related accumulated amortization or impairment if any, are included in the respective segment to which they relate.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Goodwill and Tradenames

TJX evaluates long-lived assets, including tradenames that are amortized and operating lease right of use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. This evaluation is performed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows which are largely independent of other groups of assets, generally at the individual store level for fixed assets and operating lease right of use assets, and at the reporting unit for tradenames that are amortized. If indicators of impairment are identified, an undiscounted cash flow analysis is performed to determine if the carrying value of the asset or asset group is recoverable. If the cash flow is less than the carrying value then an impairment charge will be recorded to the extent the fair value of an asset or asset group is less than the carrying value of that asset or asset group. This resulted in immaterial impairment charges on operating lease ROU assets and store fixed assets in fiscal 2025, fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. There were no impairments related to tradenames in fiscal 2025, fiscal 2024, or fiscal 2023.

Goodwill and indefinite life tradenames are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred and at least annually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Goodwill is tested for impairment by using a quantitative assessment by comparing the carrying value of the related reporting unit to its fair value. An impairment exists when this analysis, using typical valuation models such as the discounted cash flow method, shows that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit. The Company may assess qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, including goodwill. The assessment of qualitative factors is optional and at the Company’s discretion. Indefinite life tradenames are tested for impairment by comparing their carrying value to their fair value, which is determined by calculating the discounted present value of assumed after-tax royalty payments. In fiscal 2025, fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company bypassed the qualitative assessment and performed the quantitative impairment test.

Advertising Costs

TJX expenses advertising costs as incurred.

Foreign Currency Translation

TJX’s foreign assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at fiscal year-end exchange rates with resulting translation gains and losses included in shareholders’ equity as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. Activity of the foreign operations that affect the Consolidated Statements of Income and Cash Flows is translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year.

Loss Contingencies

TJX records a reserve for loss contingencies when it is both probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. TJX evaluates pending litigation and other contingencies at least quarterly and adjusts the reserve for such contingencies for changes in probable and reasonably estimable losses. TJX includes an estimate for related legal costs at the time such costs are both probable and reasonably estimable.

Equity Investment

Equity Investments

Multibrand Outlet Stores

During fiscal 2025, the Company entered into a definitive agreement for a joint venture with Grupo Axo, S.A.P.I de C.V. (“Axo”) to hold a 49% ownership stake in Multibrand Outlet Stores S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“MOS”), which operates off-price, physical store businesses in Mexico and includes a total of over 200 stores for its Promoda, Reduced, and Urban Store banners. TJX has the option to increase its ownership interest in the joint venture over the long term. During the third quarter of fiscal 2025, TJX completed this investment for $193 million, which includes a purchase price of $179 million and acquisition costs of $14 million. This investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, the carrying value of the Company’s equity investment in MOS was $168 million, which exceed its share of MOS’ net assets by approximately $133 million. All of this difference is comprised of goodwill and tradenames. Tradenames are definite-lived intangible assets and are amortized straight-line over their useful lives of 10 years. As of February 1, 2025, the revaluation of the investment from Mexican Pesos to the U.S. dollar resulted in a cumulative translation loss and reduced the carrying value of the investment by $11 million. The cumulative translation loss has been recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

TJX reports the results of its share of the investments in MOS on a one-quarter lag as their results are not expected to be available in time to be recorded in the concurrent period. Earnings from the Company’s investment are recorded in Selling, general & administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The investment did not have a material impact on its fiscal 2025 results.

Brands for Less

During fiscal 2025, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a 35% ownership stake in privately held Brands for Less (“BFL”), representing a non-controlling, minority position. BFL currently operates over 100 stores, primarily in the UAE and Saudi Arabia, as well as an e-commerce business, and is the region’s only major off-price branded apparel, toys and home fashions retailer. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, TJX completed this investment for $358 million, which includes a purchase price of $344 million and acquisition costs of $14 million. This investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and is recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, the carrying value of the Company’s equity investment in BFL was $336 million, which exceed its share of BFL net assets by approximately $292 million. All of this difference is comprised of goodwill and a tradename. The tradename is a definite-lived intangible asset and will be amortized straight-line over the useful life of 15 years.

TJX will report the results of its share of the investment with BFL on a one-quarter lag as their results are not expected to be available in time to be recorded in the concurrent period. Earnings from the investment in BFL will be recorded in Selling, general & administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The investment did not have a material impact on its fiscal 2025 results.

Both equity investments are evaluated for indicators of impairment on a periodic basis or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may be other-than-temporarily impaired. If the Company concludes that there is an other-than-temporary impairment of these equity investments, it will adjust the carrying amount of the investments to the current fair value. As of the end of fiscal 2025, the Company determined that no impairments of its equity method investments existed.

Familia

In fiscal 2020, the Company acquired a minority ownership stake in privately held Familia, an off-price retailer of apparel and home fashions domiciled in Luxembourg that operates stores throughout Russia. During fiscal 2023, the Company announced that it had committed to divesting its minority investment, resulting in an impairment charge of $218 million representing the entire carrying value of the Company’s investment. Additionally, the Company realized a $54 million tax benefit when the Company completed the divestiture of this investment during the third quarter ended October 29, 2022.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”). Unless otherwise discussed, the Company has reviewed the new guidance and has determined that it will either not apply to TJX or is not expected to be material to its Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption, and, therefore, the guidance is not disclosed.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance related to improvements to income tax disclosures. The new standard updates the income tax disclosure related to the rate reconciliation and requires disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The standard also provides for further disclosure comparability. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt this standard for the fiscal 2026 Form 10-K and is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its financial statement disclosures.

Improvements to Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued new guidance to enhance the disclosure of expenses by requiring further disaggregation of relevant expenses in a separate note to the financial statements. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this adoption on its consolidated financial statement disclosures and plans to adopt this standard for the fiscal 2028 Form 10-K.

SEC Rule Changes

In March 2024, the SEC adopted new rules phasing in for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025 that will require registrants to provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. In April 2024, the SEC determined to voluntarily stay the final rules pending certain legal challenges. The Company is currently monitoring the status of these rules and any potential impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and financial statement disclosures.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, the FASB issued guidance related to improvements to reportable segment disclosures. The new standard improves financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The Company adopted this standard as of February 1, 2025, on a retrospective basis.