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Goodwill and other intangible assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill were as follows (in millions):
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Beginning balance
$
14,751

 
$
14,787

Goodwill related to acquisitions of businesses
—

 
2

Currency translation adjustments
25

 
13

Ending balance
$
14,776

 
$
14,802


Identifiable intangible assets
Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Gross
carrying
amount
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Intangible
assets, net
 
Gross
carrying
amount
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Intangible
assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Developed product technology rights
$
12,585

 
$
(6,624
)
 
$
5,961

 
$
12,534

 
$
(5,947
)
 
$
6,587

Licensing rights
3,275

 
(1,525
)
 
1,750

 
3,275

 
(1,300
)
 
1,975

Marketing-related rights
1,326

 
(895
)
 
431

 
1,333

 
(793
)
 
540

Research and development technology rights
1,158

 
(783
)
 
375

 
1,122

 
(704
)
 
418

Total finite-lived intangible assets
18,344

 
(9,827
)
 
8,517

 
18,264

 
(8,744
)
 
9,520

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In-process research and development
356

 
—

 
356

 
759

 
—

 
759

Total identifiable intangible assets
$
18,700

 
$
(9,827
)
 
$
8,873

 
$
19,023

 
$
(8,744
)
 
$
10,279


Developed product technology rights consist of rights related to marketed products acquired in business combinations. Licensing rights consist primarily of contractual rights acquired in business combinations to receive future milestones, royalties and profit sharing payments, capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products and up-front payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related intangible assets consist primarily of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. R&D technology rights consist of technology used in R&D with alternative future uses.
In-process research and development (IPR&D) consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we decided to discontinue the internal development of AMG 899 acquired in the acquisition of Dezima in 2015, resulting in an impairment charge of $400 million, which was recognized in Other operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and included in Other items, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. See Note 11, Fair value measurement, for the impact on the related contingent consideration liabilities. As of September 30, 2017, the primary IPR&D project is oprozomib, acquired in the acquisition of Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 2013.
All IPR&D projects have major risks and uncertainties associated with the timely and successful completion of development and commercialization of product candidates, including our ability to confirm safety and efficacy based on data from clinical trials, our ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals and our ability to successfully complete these tasks within budgeted costs. We are not permitted to market a human therapeutic without obtaining regulatory approvals, and such approvals require the completion of clinical trials that demonstrate that a product candidate is safe and effective. In addition, the availability and extent of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers, including government healthcare programs and private insurance plans, as well as competitive product launches, impact the revenues a product can generate. Consequently, the eventual realized value, if any, of the acquired IPR&D projects may vary from their estimated fair values. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval.
During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized amortization charges associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $308 million and $371 million, respectively. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized amortization charges associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $1.1 billion. The total estimated amortization charges for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining three months ending December 31, 2017, and the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, are $0.3 billion, $1.2 billion, $1.1 billion, $1.1 billion, $0.9 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively.