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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Business | Business Amgen Inc. (including its subsidiaries, referred to as “Amgen,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a global biotechnology pioneer that discovers, develops, manufactures and delivers innovative human therapeutics. We operate in one business segment: human therapeutics.
Basis of presentation | Basis of presentation The financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, is unaudited but includes all adjustments (consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments unless otherwise indicated), which Amgen considers necessary for a fair presentation of its condensed consolidated results of operations for those periods. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018.
Principles of consolidation | Principles of consolidation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Amgen as well as its majority-owned subsidiaries. We do not have any significant interests in any variable interest entities. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of estimates | Use of estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Property, plant and equipment, net | Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment is recorded at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $8.0 billion and $7.6 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Revenues | Revenues Adoption of new revenue recognition standard In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers to transfer goods and services. The FASB subsequently issued additional, clarifying standards to address issues arising from implementation of the new revenue recognition standard. The new revenue recognition standard and clarifying standards require an entity to recognize revenue when control of promised goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We adopted this new standard as of January 1, 2018, by applying the modified-retrospective method to those contracts that were not completed as of that date. The results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented in accordance with the new standard, although comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards and policies in effect for those periods. See Note 1, Summary of significant accounting policies, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Upon adoption, we recorded a net decrease of $25 million to Accumulated deficit due to the cumulative impact of adopting the new standard—with the impact related primarily to the acceleration of deferred revenue, net of related deferred tax impact. The adoption of this new standard had an immaterial impact on our reported total revenues and operating income as compared to what reported amounts would have been under the prior standard, and we expect the impact of adoption in future periods to also be immaterial. Our accounting policies under the new standard were applied prospectively and are described below. See Note 4, Revenues. Product sales and sales deductions Revenue from product sales is recognized upon transfer of control of a product to a customer, generally upon delivery, based on an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled, net of accruals for estimated rebates, wholesaler chargebacks, discounts and other deductions (collectively, sales deductions) and returns established at the time of sale. We analyze the adequacy of our accruals for sales deductions quarterly. Amounts accrued for sales deductions are adjusted when trends or significant events indicate that an adjustment is appropriate. Accruals are also adjusted to reflect actual results. Accruals for sales deductions are based primarily on estimates of the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales. These estimates take into consideration current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, internal and external historical data and forecasted customer buying patterns. Sales deductions are substantially product specific and therefore, for any given period, can be affected by the mix of products sold. Included in sales deductions are immaterial net adjustments related to prior-period sales due to changes in estimates. Historically, such amounts have represented less than 1% of the aggregate sales deductions charged against product sales. Returns are estimated through comparison of historical return data to their related sales on a production lot basis. Historical rates of return are determined for each product and are adjusted for known or expected changes in the marketplace specific to each product, when appropriate. Historically, sales return provisions have amounted to less than 1% of gross product sales. Changes in estimates for prior-period sales return provisions have historically been immaterial. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities and that are related to sales of the Company’s products, primarily in Europe, are excluded from revenues. As a practical expedient, sales commissions are expensed when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Other revenues Other revenues consist primarily of royalty income and corporate partner revenues. Royalties from licensees are based on third-party sales of licensed products and are recorded when the related third-party product sale occurs. Royalty estimates are based on historical and forecasted sales trends. Corporate partner revenues are composed primarily of license fees and milestones earned and our share of commercial profits generated from collaborations. See Arrangements with multiple-performance obligations, discussed below. Arrangements with multiple-performance obligations From time to time, we enter into arrangements for the research and development (R&D), manufacture and/or commercialization of products and product candidates. Such arrangements may require us to deliver various rights, services and/or goods, including (i) intellectual property rights or licenses, (ii) R&D services, (iii) manufacturing services, and/or (iv) commercialization services. The underlying terms of these arrangements generally provide for consideration to Amgen in the form of nonrefundable, up-front license fees, development and commercial-performance milestone payments, cost sharing, royalty payments and/or profit sharing. In arrangements involving more than one performance obligation, each required performance obligation is evaluated to determine whether it qualifies as a distinct performance obligation based on whether (i) the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available and (ii) the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The consideration under the arrangement is then allocated to each separate distinct performance obligation based on its respective relative stand-alone selling price. The estimated selling price of each deliverable reflects our best estimate of what the selling price would be if the deliverable was regularly sold by us on a stand-alone basis or using an adjusted market assessment approach if selling price on a stand-alone basis is not available. The consideration allocated to each distinct performance obligation is recognized as revenue when control of the related goods or services is transferred. Consideration associated with at-risk substantive performance milestones is recognized as revenue when it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. We utilize the sales and usage-based royalty exception in arrangements that resulted from the license of intellectual property, recognizing revenues generated from royalties or profit sharing as the underlying sales occur.
Other recently adopted pronouncements and Other recent accounting pronouncements | Other recently adopted pronouncements In January 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the accounting and disclosures of financial instruments, including a provision requiring that equity investments (except for investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting) be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. With the exception of equity investments that were previously accounted for at cost, a modified-retrospective approach was used to reflect the cumulative effect of adoption as an adjustment to Accumulated deficit as of the beginning of the fiscal year. The new standard will be applied prospectively to investments that were previously accounted for at cost. Upon adoption, on January 1, 2018, we recorded an immaterial adjustment to Accumulated deficit from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), which represented the net unrealized gain on all equity investments with a readily determinable fair value as of December 31, 2017. The impact that this new standard has on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income after adoption will depend on changes in fair values of equity securities in our portfolio in the future. See Note 8, Investments. In October 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the income tax accounting guidance for intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The new standard requires that entities recognize the income tax consequences of an intercompany transfer of an asset, other than inventory, in the period the transfer occurs. The current exception to defer the recognition of any tax impact on intercompany transfers of inventory until the inventory is sold to a third party remains unaffected. We adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018, and will apply it prospectively to any transaction occurring on or after the adoption date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements, however the impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements in future periods will depend on the facts and circumstances of future transactions. In January 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that changes the definition of a business to assist entities with the evaluation of when a set of assets acquired or disposed of should be considered a business. The new standard requires that an entity evaluate whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of assets would not be considered a business. The new standard also requires that a business include at least one substantive process, and it narrows the definition of outputs. We adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018, and will apply it prospectively. Adoption of this new standard may result in more transactions being accounted for as asset acquisitions versus business combinations; however, the impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements in future periods will depend on the facts and circumstances of future transactions. In August 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the accounting and reporting of hedging activities, which we elected to adopt early during the second quarter of 2018. Among its provisions, the new standard (i) eliminates the separate measurement and reporting of hedge ineffectiveness and (ii) permits an entity to recognize in earnings the initial fair value of an excluded component of a hedging instrument’s fair value under a systematic and rational method over the life of the derivative instrument. In accordance with the transition provisions of the new standard, the separate measurement of ineffectiveness for our cash flow hedging instruments existing as of the date of adoption is required to be eliminated through a cumulative-effect adjustment to Accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018, the beginning of the fiscal year. The ineffective portions of our cash flow hedges were not material to our previously issued condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, certain provisions in the guidance require modifications to existing presentation and disclosure requirements on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 14, Derivative instruments. In March 2018, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to incorporate U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118), which addresses accounting implications of major tax reform legislation Public Law No. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the 2017 Tax Act), enacted on December 22, 2017. SAB 118 allows an entity to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year from the enactment date and was effective upon issuance. We continue to analyze the 2017 Tax Act and in certain areas have made reasonable estimates of the effects on our condensed consolidated financial statements and tax disclosures. See Note 5, Income taxes. Other recent accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for the accounting and disclosure of leases. This new standard requires that lessees recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities that arise from leases, including leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP, and disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements. The new standard requires a modified-retrospective approach to adoption and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2019, but may be adopted earlier. In July 2018, the FASB further amended this standard to allow for a new transition method that provides the option to use the effective date as the date of initial application. We intend to elect this alternative transition method and therefore will not adjust comparative-period financial information. In addition, we intend to elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance of the new standard to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts that are or that contain leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. We expect to adopt this standard beginning in the first quarter of 2019. We do not expect that this standard will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, but we do expect that upon adoption, it will have a material impact on our assets and liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary effect of adoption will be the requirement to record right-of-use assets and the corresponding present value of lease obligation liabilities for current operating leases. The actual impact will depend on our lease portfolio at the time of adoption. In addition, the standard requires that we update the systems, processes and controls we use to track, record and account for our lease portfolio. We have selected a lease accounting information system, engaged third-party consultants and are progressing through system implementation. System readiness, including the implementation and functionality of software procured from third-party providers, is essential to enable preparation of the financial information required for this standard. In June 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model. Accordingly, these financial assets will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This new standard also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary-impairment model. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2020, but may be adopted earlier, beginning on January 1, 2019. With certain exceptions, adjustments are to be applied by using a modified-retrospective approach by reflecting adjustments through a cumulative-effect impact on retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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