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Income taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of income before income tax, domestic and foreign | Income before income taxes included the following (in millions):
| Years ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Domestic | $ | 4,856 |  |  | $ | 4,436 |  |  | $ | 4,478 |
Foreign | 4,689 |  |  | 5,161 |  |  | 4,685 |
Total income before income taxes | $ | 9,545 |  |  | $ | 9,597 |  |  | $ | 9,163 |
Provision for income taxes | The provision for income taxes included the following (in millions):
| Years ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Current provision: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 1,270 |  |  | $ | 8,615 |  |  | $ | 984 |
State | 17 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 65 |
Foreign | 227 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 176 |
Total current provision | 1,514 |  |  | 8,895 |  |  | 1,225 |
Deferred (benefit) provision: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (317 | ) |  | (1,120 | ) |  | 372 |
State | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (69 | )
Foreign | (39 | ) |  | (157 | ) |  | (87 | )
Total deferred (benefit) provision | (363 | ) |  | (1,277 | ) |  | 216 |
Total provision for income taxes | $ | 1,151 |  |  | $ | 7,618 |  |  | $ | 1,441 |
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities | Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in millions):
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |
NOL and credit carryforwards | $ | 810 |  |  | $ | 812 |
Accrued expenses | 428 |  |  | 362 |
Expenses capitalized for tax | 185 |  |  | 155 |
Stock-based compensation | 95 |  |  | 99 |
Other | 174 |  |  | 154 |
Total deferred income tax assets | 1,692 |  |  | 1,582 |
Valuation allowance | (509 | ) |  | (497 | )
Net deferred income tax assets | 1,183 |  |  | 1,085 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |
Acquired intangible assets | (1,509 | ) |  | (1,748 | )
Debt | (184 | ) |  | (184 | )
Other | (267 | ) |  | (240 | )
Total deferred income tax liabilities | (1,960 | ) |  | (2,172 | )
Total deferred income taxes, net | $ | (777 | ) |  | $ | (1,087 | )
Reconciliation of total gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest, penalties, foreign tax credits and the federal tax benefit of state taxes related to unrecognized tax benefits) | The reconciliations of the total gross amounts of UTBs (excluding interest, penalties, foreign tax credits and the federal tax benefit of state taxes related to UTBs) were as follows (in millions):
| Years ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Beginning balance | $ | 2,953 |  |  | $ | 2,543 |  |  | $ | 2,114 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 173 |  |  | 447 |  |  | 425 |
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years | 13 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 18 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (17 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (7 | )
Reductions for expiration of statute of limitations | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |
Settlements | (61 | ) |  | (28 | ) |  | (7 | )
Ending balance | $ | 3,061 |  |  | $ | 2,953 |  |  | $ | 2,543 |
Reconciliation between the federal statutory tax rate and effective tax rate | The reconciliations between the federal statutory tax rate applied to income before income taxes and our effective tax rate were as follows:
| Years ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
2017 Tax Act, net repatriation tax | — | % |  | 70.7 | % |  | — | %
Foreign earnings | (4.3 | )% |  | (15.8 | )% |  | (15.5 | )%
2017 Tax Act, net deferred tax remeasurement | — | % |  | (6.9 | )% |  | — | %
Credits, Puerto Rico Excise Tax | (2.5 | )% |  | (2.2 | )% |  | (2.3 | )%
2017 Tax Act, net impact on intercompany sales | (1.8 | )% |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest on uncertain tax positions | 1.2 | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | 0.5 | %
Credits, primarily federal R&D | (0.8 | )% |  | (0.6 | )% |  | (0.7 | )%
Share-based payments | (0.2 | )% |  | (0.7 | )% |  | (1.3 | )%
Other, net | (0.5 | )% |  | (0.7 | )% |  | — | %
Effective tax rate | 12.1 | % |  | 79.4 | % |  | 15.7 | %

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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