Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in millions):



	Three months ended March 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	14,699
Currency translation adjustment	(7		)
Ending balance	$	14,692

Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):



	March 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross carrying amounts		Accumulated amortization			Other intangible assets, net		Gross carrying amounts		Accumulated amortization			Other intangible assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed-product-technology rights	$	12,559	$	(7,639	)	$	4,920	$	12,573	$	(7,479	)	$	5,094
Licensing rights	3,693		(2,064		)	1,629		3,772		(2,032		)	1,740
Marketing-related rights	1,211		(947		)	264		1,297		(1,019		)	278
Research and development technology rights	1,145		(889		)	256		1,148		(872		)	276
Total finite-lived intangible assets	18,608		(11,539		)	7,069		18,790		(11,402		)	7,388
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
In-process research and development	55		—			55		55		—			55
Total other intangible assets	$	18,663	$	(11,539	)	$	7,124	$	18,845	$	(11,402	)	$	7,443

Developed-product-technology rights consist of rights related to marketed products acquired in business combinations. Licensing rights consist primarily of contractual rights acquired in business combinations to receive future milestone, royalty and profit-sharing payments; capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products; and upfront payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related rights consist primarily of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. Research and development (R&D) technology rights pertain to technology used in R&D that have alternative future uses.

In-process research and development (IPR&D) consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets, included primarily in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, of $315 million and $320 million, respectively. The total estimated amortization for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining nine months ending December 31, 2019, and the years ending December 31, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024, are $1.0 billion, $1.2 billion, $1.0 billion, $0.9 billion, $0.9 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively.