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Goodwill and other intangible assets | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in millions):
| Six months ended June 30, 2019
Beginning balance | $ | 14,699 |
Currency translation adjustment | (10 | )
Ending balance | $ | 14,689 |
Other intangible assets Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):
| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Gross carrying amounts |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Other intangible assets, net |  | Gross carrying amounts |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Other intangible assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Developed-product-technology rights | $ | 12,563 |  |  | $ | (7,812 | ) |  | $ | 4,751 |  |  | $ | 12,573 |  |  | $ | (7,479 | ) |  | $ | 5,094 |
Licensing rights | 3,693 |  |  | (2,174 | ) |  | 1,519 |  |  | 3,772 |  |  | (2,032 | ) |  | 1,740 |
Marketing-related rights | 1,209 |  |  | (959 | ) |  | 250 |  |  | 1,297 |  |  | (1,019 | ) |  | 278 |
Research and development technology rights | 1,148 |  |  | (910 | ) |  | 238 |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | (872 | ) |  | 276 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets | 18,613 |  |  | (11,855 | ) |  | 6,758 |  |  | 18,790 |  |  | (11,402 | ) |  | 7,388 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In-process research and development | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |
Total other intangible assets | $ | 18,668 |  |  | $ | (11,855 | ) |  | $ | 6,813 |  |  | $ | 18,845 |  |  | $ | (11,402 | ) |  | $ | 7,443 |
Developed-product-technology rights consists of rights related to marketed products acquired in business combinations. Licensing rights consists primarily of contractual rights acquired in business combinations to receive future milestone, royalty and profit-sharing payments; capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products; and up-front payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related rights consists primarily of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. Research and development (R&D) technology rights pertains to technology used in R&D that have alternative future uses. In-process research and development (IPR&D) consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval. During the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $315 million and $332 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $630 million and $652 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is included primarily in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The total estimated amortization for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining six months ending December 31, 2019, and the years ending December 31, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024, are $0.6 billion, $1.2 billion, $1.0 billion, $0.9 billion, $0.9 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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