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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-37702
Amgen Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 95-3540776
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Amgen Center Drive |  | 91320-1799
Thousand Oaks |
California |
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(805) 447-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.0001 par value | AMGN | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
2.00% Senior Notes due 2026 | AMGN26 | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☑
As of August 1, 2022, the registrant had 534,930,850 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

AMGEN INC.
INDEX

|  | Page No.
| DEFINED TERMS AND PRODUCTS | ii
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 1
Item 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 1
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME | 1
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | 2
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | 3
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 4
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS | 6
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 7
Item 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 29
Item 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 41
Item 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 42
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION | 43
Item 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 43
Item 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 43
Item 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 49
Item 6. | EXHIBITS | 50
INDEX TO EXHIBITS | 51
SIGNATURES | 57

i

Defined Terms and Products
Defined terms
We use several terms in this Form 10-Q, including but not limited to those that are finance, regulation and disease-state related as well as names of other companies, which are given below.

Term | Description |  |  |  |
2017 Tax Act | Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 |  |  |  |
ANDA | Abbreviated New Drug Application |  |  |  |
AOCI | accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |
ASR | accelerated share repurchase |  |  |  |
BeiGene | BeiGene, Ltd. |  |  |  |
Bergamo | Laboratorio Quimico Farmaceutico Bergamo Ltda |  |  |  |
ChemoCentryx | ChemoCentryx, Inc. |  |  |  |
CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |  |  |  |
COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |  |  |  |
Eczacıbaşı | EIS Eczacıbaşı İlaç, Sınai ve Finansal Yatırımlar Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. |  |  |  |
EMA | European Medicines Agency |  |  |  |
EPS | earnings per share |  |  |  |
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board |  |  |  |
FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |  |  |  |
Fitch | Fitch Ratings, Inc. |  |  |  |
Five Prime | Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc. |  |  |  |
FTC | Federal Trade Commission |  |  |  |
GAAP | U.S. generally accepted accounting principles |  |  |  |
Gensenta | Gensenta İlaç Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. |  |  |  |
HHS | U.S. Department of Health & Human Services |  |  |  |
IPR&D | in-process research and development |  |  |  |
IRP | international reference pricing |  |  |  |
IRS | Internal Revenue Service |  |  |  |
LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate |  |  |  |
Lp(a) | lipoprotein(a) |  |  |  |
MD&A | management’s discussion and analysis |  |  |  |
MFN | most-favored nation |  |  |  |
Moody’s | Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. |  |  |  |
Neumora | Neumora Therapeutics, Inc. |  |  |  |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |  |  |  |
PBM | pharmacy benefit manager |  |  |  |
PTAB | Patent Trial and Appeal Board |  |  |  |
R&D | research and development |  |  |  |
RAR | Revenue Agent Report |  |  |  |
ROW | rest of world |  |  |  |
S&P | Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC |  |  |  |
SEC | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |  |  |  |
SG&A | selling, general and administrative |  |  |  |
Teneobio | Teneobio, Inc. |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | U.S. Department of Treasury |  |  |  |
USPTO | U.S. Patent and Trademark Office |  |  |  |
UTB | unrecognized tax benefit |  |  |  |

ii

Products
The brand names of our products, our delivery devices and certain of our product candidates and their associated generic names are given below.

Term |  | Description
Aimovig |  | Aimovig® (erenumab-aooe)
AMGEVITA |  | AMGEVITA™ (adalimumab)
Aranesp |  | Aranesp® (darbepoetin alfa)
AVSOLA |  | AVSOLA® (infliximab-axxq)
BLINCYTO |  | BLINCYTO® (blinatumomab)
Corlanor |  | Corlanor® (ivabradine)
ENBREL |  | Enbrel® (etanercept)
EPOGEN |  | EPOGEN® (epoetin alfa)
EVENITY |  | EVENITY® (romosozumab-aqqg)
IMLYGIC |  | IMLYGIC® (talimogene laherparepvec)
KANJINTI |  | KANJINTI® (trastuzumab-anns)
KYPROLIS |  | KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib)
LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS |  | LUMAKRAS® / LUMYKRAS™ (sotorasib)
MVASI |  | MVASI® (bevacizumab-awwb)
Neulasta |  | Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim)
NEUPOGEN |  | NEUPOGEN® (filgrastim)
Nplate |  | Nplate® (romiplostim)
Olpasiran |  | Olpasiran (formerly AMG 890)
Onpro |  | Onpro®
Otezla |  | Otezla® (apremilast)
Parsabiv |  | Parsabiv® (etelcalcetide)
Prolia |  | Prolia® (denosumab)
Repatha |  | Repatha® (evolocumab)
RIABNI |  | RIABNI™ (rituximab-arrx)
Sensipar/Mimpara |  | Sensipar®/Mimpara™ (cinacalcet)
TEZSPIRE |  | TEZSPIRE® (tezepelumab-ekko)
Vectibix |  | Vectibix® (panitumumab)
XGEVA |  | XGEVA® (denosumab)

iii

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AMGEN INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, except per-share data)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales | $ | 6,281 |  |  | $ | 6,114 |  |  | $ | 12,012 |  |  | $ | 11,706 |
Other revenues | 313 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 721 |
Total revenues | 6,594 |  |  | 6,526 |  |  | 12,832 |  |  | 12,427 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 1,510 |  |  | 1,637 |  |  | 3,071 |  |  | 3,127 |
Research and development | 1,039 |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 1,998 |  |  | 2,049 |
Acquired in-process research and development | — |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,505 |
Selling, general and administrative | 1,327 |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | 2,555 |  |  | 2,638 |
Other | 542 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 151 |
Total operating expenses | 4,418 |  |  | 5,698 |  |  | 8,156 |  |  | 9,470 |
Operating income | 2,176 |  |  | 828 |  |  | 4,676 |  |  | 2,957 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (328) |  |  | (281) |  |  | (623) |  |  | (566) |
Other (expense) income, net | (317) |  |  | 11 |  |  | (847) |  |  | 24 |
Income before income taxes | 1,531 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 3,206 |  |  | 2,415 |
Provision for income taxes | 214 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 305 |
Net income | $ | 1,317 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 2,793 |  |  | $ | 2,110 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.46 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 5.16 |  |  | $ | 3.67 |
Diluted | $ | 2.45 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 5.13 |  |  | $ | 3.65 |
Shares used in calculation of earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 535 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 541 |  |  | 575 |
Diluted | 537 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 544 |  |  | 578 |

See accompanying notes.
1

AMGEN INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income | $ | 1,317 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 2,793 |  |  | $ | 2,110 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of reclassification adjustments and taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation | (65) |  |  | 14 |  |  | (116) |  |  | (25) |
Cash flow hedges | 156 |  |  | (48) |  |  | 240 |  |  | 142 |
Other | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of reclassification adjustments and taxes | 91 |  |  | (35) |  |  | 124 |  |  | 117 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 1,408 |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | 2,917 |  |  | $ | 2,227 |

See accompanying notes.
2

AMGEN INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except per-share data)

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (Unaudited) |  |
ASSETS
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5,203 |  |  | $ | 7,989 |
Marketable securities | 1,980 |  |  | 48 |
Trade receivables, net | 5,327 |  |  | 4,895 |
Inventories | 4,554 |  |  | 4,086 |
Other current assets | 2,258 |  |  | 2,367 |
Total current assets | 19,322 |  |  | 19,385 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 5,158 |  |  | 5,184 |
Intangible assets, net | 13,927 |  |  | 15,182 |
Goodwill | 14,865 |  |  | 14,890 |
Other noncurrent assets | 6,022 |  |  | 6,524 |
Total assets | $ | 59,294 |  |  | $ | 61,165 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 1,366 |
Accrued liabilities | 10,545 |  |  | 10,731 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 817 |  |  | 87 |
Total current liabilities | 12,618 |  |  | 12,184 |
Long-term debt | 35,705 |  |  | 33,222 |
Long-term tax liabilities | 5,603 |  |  | 6,594 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 2,949 |  |  | 2,465 |
Contingencies and commitments |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock and additional paid-in capital; $0.0001 par value; 2,750.0 shares authorized; outstanding—534.9 shares in 2022 and 558.3 shares in 2021 | 31,343 |  |  | 32,096 |
Accumulated deficit | (28,252) |  |  | (24,600) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (672) |  |  | (796) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 2,419 |  |  | 6,700 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 59,294 |  |  | $ | 61,165 |

See accompanying notes.
3

AMGEN INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In millions, except per-share data)
(Unaudited)

| Number of shares of common stock |  | Common stock and additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 558.3 |  |  | $ | 32,096 |  |  | $ | (24,600) |  |  | $ | (796) |  |  | $ | 6,700 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,476 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,476 |
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |
Dividends declared on common stock ($1.94 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,034) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,034) |
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Company’s equity award programs | 0.5 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |
Tax impact related to employee stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | (45) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (45) |
Repurchases of common stock (Note 10) | (24.6) |  |  | (900) |  |  | (5,410) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,310) |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 | 534.2 |  |  | 31,247 |  |  | (29,568) |  |  | (763) |  |  | 916 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,317 |
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |  |  | 91 |
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Company’s equity award programs | 0.7 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120 |
Tax impact related to employee stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | (69) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (69) |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 534.9 |  |  | $ | 31,343 |  |  | $ | (28,252) |  |  | $ | (672) |  |  | $ | 2,419 |

4

AMGEN INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)
(In millions, except per-share data)
(Unaudited)

| Number of shares of common stock |  | Common stock and additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | 578.3 |  |  | $ | 31,802 |  |  | $ | (21,408) |  |  | $ | (985) |  |  | $ | 9,409 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,646 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,646 |
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |  |  | 152 |
Dividends declared on common stock ($1.76 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,012) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,012) |
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Company’s equity award programs | 0.7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Tax impact related to employee stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | (59) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (59) |
Repurchases of common stock | (3.7) |  |  | — |  |  | (865) |  |  | — |  |  | (865) |
Balance as of March 31, 2021 | 575.3 |  |  | 31,806 |  |  | (21,639) |  |  | (833) |  |  | 9,334 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 464 |  |  | — |  |  | 464 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | (35) |
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Company’s equity award programs | 0.8 |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |
Tax impact related to employee stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | (76) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (76) |
Repurchases of common stock | (6.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,592) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,592) |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | 569.6 |  |  | $ | 31,877 |  |  | $ | (22,762) |  |  | $ | (868) |  |  | $ | 8,247 |

See accompanying notes.
5

AMGEN INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 2,793 |  |  | $ | 2,110 |
Depreciation, amortization and other | 1,669 |  |  | 1,696 |
Deferred income taxes | (514) |  |  | (137) |
Acquired in-process research and development | — |  |  | 1,505 |
Adjustments for equity method investments | 497 |  |  | (36) |
Loss on divestiture | 560 |  |  | — |
Other items, net | 436 |  |  | 206 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |
Trade receivables, net | (504) |  |  | 35 |
Inventories | (410) |  |  | (167) |
Other assets | 198 |  |  | (258) |
Accounts payable | (98) |  |  | (156) |
Accrued income taxes, net | (685) |  |  | (930) |
Long-term tax liabilities | 108 |  |  | 47 |
Other liabilities | 44 |  |  | 120 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 4,094 |  |  | 4,035 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of marketable securities | (1,976) |  |  | (8,000) |
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities | — |  |  | 4,404 |
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | 47 |  |  | 6,528 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (436) |  |  | (351) |
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (1,626) |
Other | 61 |  |  | (65) |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (2,304) |  |  | 890 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Net proceeds from issuance of debt | 3,954 |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock (Note 10) | (6,360) |  |  | (2,452) |
Dividends paid | (2,118) |  |  | (2,024) |
Other | (52) |  |  | (85) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (4,576) |  |  | (4,561) |
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (2,786) |  |  | 364 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 7,989 |  |  | 6,266 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 5,203 |  |  | $ | 6,630 |

See accompanying notes.
6

AMGEN INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of significant accounting policies
Business
Amgen Inc. (including its subsidiaries, referred to as “Amgen,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a global biotechnology pioneer that discovers, develops, manufactures and delivers innovative human therapeutics. We operate in one business segment: human therapeutics.
Basis of presentation
The financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, is unaudited but includes all adjustments (consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments unless otherwise indicated), which Amgen considers necessary for a fair presentation of its condensed consolidated results of operations for those periods. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year.
The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022.
Principles of consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Amgen as well as its majority-owned subsidiaries. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, we consider whether we have both the power to direct activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to that entity. We do not have any significant interests in any variable interest entities of which we are the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment is recorded at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, of $9.0 billion and $8.8 billion as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In March 2020, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to ease the financial reporting burdens caused by the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, commonly referred to as reference rate reform. The new standard provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to current GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting. Specifically, a modification to transition to an alternative reference rate is treated as an event that does not require contract remeasurement or reassessment of a previous accounting treatment. Moreover, for all types of hedging relationships, an entity is permitted to change the reference rate without having to dedesignate the hedging relationship. The standard is generally effective for all contract modifications made and hedging relationships evaluated through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that expanded the scope of the original March 2020 standard to include derivative instruments on discounting transactions. We do not expect the two standards to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

In November 2021, the FASB issued a new accounting standard around the recognition and measurement of contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination. The new standard clarifies that contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination from an acquiree should initially be recognized by applying revenue recognition principles and not at fair value. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. The impact of this standard will depend on the facts and circumstances of future transactions.
2. Acquisitions and divestitures
Acquisition of Teneobio, Inc.
On October 19, 2021, we acquired all of the outstanding stock of Teneobio, a privately held, clinical-stage biotechnology company developing a new class of biologics called human heavy-chain antibodies, which are single-chain antibodies composed of the human heavy-chain domain. The transaction, which was accounted for as a business combination, includes Teneobio’s proprietary bispecific and multispecific antibody technologies, which complement Amgen’s existing antibody capabilities and bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) platform and will enable significant acceleration and efficiency in the discovery and development of new molecules to treat diseases across Amgen’s core therapeutic areas. Upon its acquisition, Teneobio became a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen, and its operations have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements commencing on the acquisition date.
Measurement period adjustments for the six months ended June 30, 2022, included changes to the purchase price allocation and total consideration, resulting in a net increase of $22 million to goodwill. The measurement period adjustments resulted primarily from valuation inputs pertaining to certain acquired assets based on facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and did not result from events subsequent to the acquisition date. These adjustments did not have a significant impact on Amgen’s results of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2022, and would not have had a significant impact on prior-period results if these adjustments had been made as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the total consideration and allocated acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, inclusive of measurement period adjustments (in millions):

|  | Amounts
Cash purchase price |  | $ | 993 |
Contingent consideration |  | 299 |
Total consideration |  | $ | 1,292 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 100 |
In-process research and development |  | 991 |
Finite-lived intangible asset – research and development technology rights |  | 115 |
Finite-lived intangible assets – licensing rights |  | 41 |
Goodwill |  | 273 |
Other assets, net |  | 16 |
Deferred tax liability |  | (244) |
Total assets acquired, net |  | $ | 1,292 |

Consideration for this transaction comprised (i) an upfront cash payment of $993 million, which included a working-capital adjustment, and (ii) future contingent milestone payments to Teneobio’s former equity holders of up to $1.6 billion in cash, based on the achievement of various development and regulatory milestones with regard to the leading asset (AMG 340, formerly TNB-585) and to various development milestones for other drug candidates. The estimated fair values of the contingent consideration obligations aggregated $299 million as of the acquisition date and were determined using a probability-weighted expected return methodology. The assumptions in this method include the probability of achieving the milestones and the expected payment dates, with such amounts discounted to present value based on our pretax cost of debt. See Note 11, Fair value measurement, for information regarding the estimated fair value of these obligations as of June 30, 2022.
8

The estimated fair values of acquired IPR&D assets totaled $991 million, of which $784 million relates to AMG 340, that is in a phase 1 clinical trial for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and the balance relates to four separate preclinical oncology programs. The R&D technology rights of $115 million relate to Teneobio’s proprietary bispecific and multispecific antibody technologies; the amount is being amortized over 10 years by using the straight-line method. Teneobio has also licensed its technology and certain identified targets to various third parties, representing contractual agreements valued at $41 million. The estimated fair values for these intangible assets were determined using a multi-period excess earnings income approach that discounts expected future cash flows to present value by applying a discount rate that represents the estimated rate that market participants would use to value the intangible assets. The projected cash flows were based on certain assumptions attributable to the respective intangible asset, including estimates of future revenues and expenses, the time and resources needed to complete development and the probabilities of obtaining marketing approval from the FDA and other regulatory agencies.
A deferred tax liability of $244 million was recognized on temporary differences related to the book bases and tax bases of the acquired identifiable assets and assumed liabilities, primarily driven by the intangible assets acquired.
The excess of the acquisition date consideration over the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed of $273 million was recorded as goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill value represents expected synergies from both AMG 340 and the technologies acquired.
Our accounting for this acquisition is preliminary and will be finalized upon completion of our analysis of certain tax-related items as we obtain additional information during the measurement period of up to one year from the acquisition date.
Acquisition of Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc.
On April 16, 2021, Amgen completed its acquisition of Five Prime for a total cash consideration of $1.6 billion, net of cash acquired. The purchase price was funded with cash on hand. This transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition because substantially all the value of the assets acquired was concentrated in the intellectual property rights of bemarituzumab, a phase 3 trial-ready, first-in-class program for gastric cancer. Five Prime’s operations have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements commencing after the acquisition date.
We allocated the consideration to acquire Five Prime to: the bemarituzumab IPR&D program of $1.5 billion, which was expensed immediately in Acquired IPR&D expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income; deferred tax assets of $177 million; and other net liabilities of $47 million. The Acquired IPR&D expense was not tax deductible.
Divestiture of Gensenta İlaç Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.
On June 28, 2022, we entered into a share purchase agreement with Eczacıbaşı under which Eczacıbaşı will acquire all of our shares in Gensenta—a subsidiary in Turkey. Net assets related to Gensenta of $80 million met the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale and did not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. Upon closing of the transaction, we expect to receive $135 million in cash. The transaction is expected to close in the third quarter of 2022 upon approval by the Turkish Competition Authority.
As of June 30, 2022, held-for-sale assets and liabilities of $100 million and $20 million were included in Other current assets and Accrued liabilities, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized a loss of $560 million recorded to Other operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, primarily due to the impact of the cumulative foreign currency translation loss, with valuation allowances to Other current assets and Accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
9

3. Revenues
We operate in one business segment: human therapeutics. Therefore, results of our operations are reported on a consolidated basis for purposes of segment reporting, consistent with internal management reporting. Revenues by product and by geographic area, based on customers’ locations, are presented below. The majority of ROW revenues relates to products sold in Europe.
Revenues were as follows (in millions):

|  | Three months ended June 30,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  | U.S. |  | ROW |  | Total |  | U.S. |  | ROW |  | Total
ENBREL |  | $ | 1,036 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |
Prolia |  | 611 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 922 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 814 |
Otezla |  | 487 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 594 |  |  | 423 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 534 |
XGEVA |  | 391 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 533 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 488 |
Aranesp |  | 132 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 367 |
Neulasta |  | 263 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 310 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 486 |
Repatha |  | 154 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 286 |
KYPROLIS |  | 213 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 280 |
Nplate |  | 156 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 245 |
Other products |  | 1,003 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 1,588 |  |  | 907 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 1,470 |
Total product sales(1) |  | $ | 4,446 |  |  | $ | 1,835 |  |  | 6,281 |  |  | $ | 4,374 |  |  | $ | 1,740 |  |  | 6,114 |
Other revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 313 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 412 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,594 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,526 |
|  | Six months ended June 30,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  | U.S. |  | ROW |  | Total |  | U.S. |  | ROW |  | Total
ENBREL |  | $ | 1,879 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 1,913 |  |  | $ | 2,007 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 2,068 |
Prolia |  | 1,193 |  |  | 581 |  |  | 1,774 |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | 533 |  |  | 1,572 |
Otezla |  | 837 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 1,010 |
XGEVA |  | 759 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 956 |
Aranesp |  | 269 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 260 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 722 |
Neulasta |  | 567 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 968 |
Repatha |  | 319 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 572 |
KYPROLIS |  | 409 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 531 |
Nplate |  | 312 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 472 |
Other products |  | 1,939 |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | 3,064 |  |  | 1,759 |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | 2,835 |
Total product sales(1) |  | $ | 8,483 |  |  | $ | 3,529 |  |  | 12,012 |  |  | $ | 8,277 |  |  | $ | 3,429 |  |  | 11,706 |
Other revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 820 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 721 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,832 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,427 |

____________
(1) Hedging gains and losses, which are included in product sales, were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
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4. Income taxes
The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, were 14.0% and 12.9%, respectively, compared with 16.8% and 12.6%, respectively, for the corresponding periods of the prior year.
The decrease in our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to the prior year nondeductible IPR&D expense arising from the acquisition of Five Prime, partially offset by current year unfavorable items including a loss on a nonstrategic divestiture. The increase in our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to current year unfavorable items compared to last year including a loss on a nonstrategic divestiture, partially offset by the prior year nondeductible IPR&D expense arising from the acquisition of Five Prime and changes in earnings mix. The effective tax rates differ from the federal statutory rate primarily as a result of foreign earnings from the Company’s operations conducted in Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States treated as a foreign jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes, that are currently subject to a tax incentive grant through 2035. In addition, the Company’s operations conducted in Singapore are subject to a tax incentive grant through 2034. These foreign earnings are also subject to U.S. tax at a reduced rate of 10.5%. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
The U.S. territory of Puerto Rico imposes a 4% excise tax on the gross intercompany purchase price of goods and services from our manufacturer in Puerto Rico. We account for the excise tax as a manufacturing cost that is capitalized in Inventories and expensed in Cost of sales when the related products are sold. For U.S. income tax purposes, in 2022, the excise tax results in foreign tax credits that are generally recognized in our provision for income taxes when the excise tax is incurred.
One or more of our legal entities file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and certain foreign jurisdictions. Our income tax returns are routinely examined by tax authorities in those jurisdictions. Significant disputes can and have arisen with tax authorities involving issues regarding the timing and amount of deductions, the use of tax credits and allocations of income and expenses among various tax jurisdictions because of differing interpretations of tax laws, regulations and relevant facts. Tax authorities, including the IRS, are becoming more aggressive and are particularly focused on such matters.
In 2017, we received an RAR and a modified RAR from the IRS for the years 2010–2012, proposing significant adjustments that primarily relate to the allocation of profits between certain of our entities in the United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico. We disagreed with the proposed adjustments and calculations and pursued resolution with the IRS appeals office but were unable to reach resolution. In July 2021, we filed a petition in the U.S. Tax Court to contest two duplicate Statutory Notices of Deficiency (Notices) for the years 2010–2012 that we received in May and July 2021, which seek to increase our U.S. taxable income for the years 2010–2012 by an amount that would result in additional federal tax of approximately $3.6 billion plus interest. Any additional tax that could be imposed for the years 2010–2012 would be reduced by up to approximately $900 million of repatriation tax previously accrued on our foreign earnings.
In 2020, we received an RAR and a modified RAR from the IRS for the years 2013–2015, also proposing significant adjustments that primarily relate to the allocation of profits between certain of our entities in the United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico similar to those proposed for the years 2010–2012. We disagreed with the proposed adjustments and calculations and pursued resolution with the IRS appeals office but were unable to reach resolution. In July 2022, we filed a petition in the U.S. Tax Court to contest a Notice for the years 2013–2015 that we previously reported receiving in April 2022 that seeks to increase our U.S. taxable income for the years 2013–2015 by an amount that would result in additional federal tax of approximately $5.1 billion, plus interest. In addition, the Notice asserts penalties of approximately $2.0 billion. Any additional tax that could be imposed for the years 2013–2015 would be reduced by up to approximately $2.2 billion of repatriation tax previously accrued on our foreign earnings.
We firmly believe that the IRS positions set forth in the 2010–2012 and 2013–2015 Notices are without merit. We are contesting the 2010–2012 and 2013–2015 Notices through the judicial process, and we will seek consolidation of the two periods into one case in the U.S. Tax Court.
We are currently under examination by the IRS for the years 2016–2018 with respect to issues similar to those for the 2010 through 2015 period. In addition, we have examinations by a number of state and foreign tax jurisdictions.
Final resolution of these complex matters is not likely within the next 12 months. We believe our accrual for income tax liabilities is appropriate based on past experience, interpretations of tax law, application of the tax law to our facts and judgments about potential actions by tax authorities; however, due to the complexity of the provision for income taxes and uncertain resolution of these matters, the ultimate outcome of any tax matters may result in payments substantially greater than amounts accrued and could have a material adverse impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years ended on or before December 31, 2009.
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See Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations, Income Taxes, for further discussion and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors—The adoption and interpretation of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities could affect our profitability.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the gross amounts of our UTBs increased by $50 million and $95 million, respectively, as a result of tax positions taken during the current year. Substantially all of the UTBs as of June 30, 2022, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate.
5. Earnings per share
The computation of basic EPS is based on the weighted-average number of our common shares outstanding. The computation of diluted EPS is based on the weighted-average number of our common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares, which primarily include shares that may be issued under our stock option, restricted stock and performance unit award programs (collectively, dilutive securities), as determined by using the treasury stock method.
The computations for basic and diluted EPS were as follows (in millions, except per-share data):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Income (Numerator): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income for basic and diluted EPS | $ | 1,317 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 2,793 |  |  | $ | 2,110 |
Shares (Denominator): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS | 535 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 541 |  |  | 575 |
Effect of dilutive securities | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS | 537 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 544 |  |  | 578 |
Basic EPS | $ | 2.46 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 5.16 |  |  | $ | 3.67 |
Diluted EPS | $ | 2.45 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 5.13 |  |  | $ | 3.65 |

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the number of antidilutive employee stock-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS was not significant.
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6. Investments
Available-for-sale investments
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair values of interest-bearing securities, which are considered available-for-sale, by type of security were as follows (in millions):

Types of securities as of June 30, 2022 |  | Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair values
U.S. Treasury notes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Treasury bills |  | 1,980 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,980 |
Money market mutual funds |  | 4,433 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,433 |
Other short-term interest-bearing securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total interest-bearing securities |  | $ | 6,413 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,413 |

Types of securities as of December 31, 2021 |  | Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair values
U.S. Treasury notes |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47 |
U.S. Treasury bills |  | 1,400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,400 |
Money market mutual funds |  | 5,856 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,856 |
Other short-term interest-bearing securities |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total interest-bearing securities |  | $ | 7,304 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,304 |

The fair values of interest-bearing securities by location in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in millions):

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets locations |  | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,433 |  |  | $ | 7,256 |
Marketable securities |  | 1,980 |  |  | 48 |
Total interest-bearing securities |  | $ | 6,413 |  |  | $ | 7,304 |

Cash and cash equivalents in the above table excludes bank account cash of $770 million and $733 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Total interest-bearing securities as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, mature in one year or less.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, realized gains and losses on interest-bearing securities were not material. Realized gains and losses on interest-bearing securities are recorded in Other (expense) income, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method.
The primary objective of our investment portfolio is to maintain safety of principal, prudent levels of liquidity and acceptable levels of risk. Our investment policy limits interest-bearing security investments to certain types of debt and money market instruments issued by institutions with investment-grade credit ratings, and it places restrictions on maturities and concentration by asset class and issuer.
Equity securities
We held investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values (publicly traded securities) of $361 million and $611 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, net unrealized gains and losses on publicly traded securities were a $106 million net loss and a $25 million net gain, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, net unrealized losses on publicly traded securities were $276 million and $31 million, respectively. Realized gains and losses on sales of publicly traded securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, were not material.
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We held investments of $280 million and $262 million in equity securities without readily determinable fair values as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, upward adjustments and downward adjustments on these securities were not material. Adjustments were based on observable price transactions.
Equity method investments
BeiGene, Ltd.
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had an ownership interest in BeiGene of approximately 18.2% and 18.4%, respectively, which is included in Other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and accounted for under the equity method of accounting. We amortize the difference between the fair value of equity securities acquired and our proportionate share of the carrying value of the underlying net assets of BeiGene over the useful lives of the assets that gave rise to this basis difference. This amortization and our share of the results of operations of BeiGene are included in Other (expense) income, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income one quarter in arrears.
During the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the carrying value of our equity investment was adjusted by our share of BeiGene’s net loss of $80 million and net income of $14 million, respectively, and amortization of the basis difference of $48 million and $42 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the carrying value of our equity investment was adjusted by our share of BeiGene’s net losses of $188 million and $83 million, respectively, and amortization of the basis difference of $95 million and $84 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying values of our investment in BeiGene totaled $2.5 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, and the fair values of our investment totaled $3.1 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, we believe the carrying value of our equity investment in BeiGene is fully recoverable.
Neumora Therapeutics, Inc.
On September 30, 2021, we acquired an approximately 25.9% ownership interest in Neumora, a privately held company, for $257 million, which is included in Other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, in exchange for a $100 million cash payment and $157 million in noncash consideration primarily related to future services. Although our equity investment provides us with the ability to exercise significant influence over Neumora, we have elected the fair value option to account for our equity investment. Under the fair value option, changes in the fair value of the investment are recognized through earnings each reporting period. We believe the fair value option best reflects the economics of the underlying transaction. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our ownership interest in Neumora was approximately 25.7% and 25.9%, respectively, and the fair values of our investment were $131 million and $220 million, respectively. Accordingly, for the reduction in fair value of our investment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized a loss of $39 million and $89 million, respectively, for the reduction in fair value of our investment in Other (expense) income, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. For information on determination of fair values, see Note 11, Fair value measurement.
Limited partnerships
We held limited partnership investments of $338 million and $573 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments, primarily investment funds of early-stage biotechnology companies, are accounted for by using the equity method of accounting and are measured by using our proportionate share of the net asset values of the underlying investments held by the limited partnerships as a practical expedient. These investments are typically redeemable only through distributions upon liquidation of the underlying assets. As of June 30, 2022, unfunded additional commitments to be made for these investments during the next several years were $209 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, net unrealized losses from our limited partnership investments were $60 million and $43 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, net unrealized gains and losses from our limited partnership investments were a $220 million net loss and a $165 million net gain, respectively.
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7. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Raw materials | $ | 779 |  |  | $ | 647 |
Work in process | 2,763 |  |  | 2,367 |
Finished goods | 1,012 |  |  | 1,072 |
Total inventories | $ | 4,554 |  |  | $ | 4,086 |

8. Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in millions):

| Six months ended June 30, 2022
Beginning balance | $ | 14,890 |
Adjustments to goodwill resulting from acquisitions and divestitures, net(1) | 7 |
Currency translation adjustment | (32) |
Ending balance | $ | 14,865 |

____________
(1) Composed of adjustments to goodwill resulting from changes to the acquisition date fair values of net assets acquired in the acquisition of Teneobio and the nonstrategic Gensenta divestiture. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Gross carrying amounts |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Other intangible assets, net |  | Gross carrying amounts |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Other intangible assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Developed-product-technology rights | $ | 25,537 |  |  | $ | (13,863) |  |  | $ | 11,674 |  |  | $ | 25,561 |  |  | $ | (12,769) |  |  | $ | 12,792 |
Licensing rights | 3,864 |  |  | (3,050) |  |  | 814 |  |  | 3,807 |  |  | (2,973) |  |  | 834 |
Marketing-related rights | 1,326 |  |  | (1,125) |  |  | 201 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | (1,112) |  |  | 242 |
Research and development technology rights | 1,371 |  |  | (1,153) |  |  | 218 |  |  | 1,377 |  |  | (1,133) |  |  | 244 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets | 32,098 |  |  | (19,191) |  |  | 12,907 |  |  | 32,099 |  |  | (17,987) |  |  | 14,112 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In-process research and development | 1,020 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,020 |  |  | 1,070 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,070 |
Total other intangible assets | $ | 33,118 |  |  | $ | (19,191) |  |  | $ | 13,927 |  |  | $ | 33,169 |  |  | $ | (17,987) |  |  | $ | 15,182 |

Developed-product-technology rights consists of rights related to marketed products. Licensing rights primarily consists of contractual rights to receive future milestone, royalty and profit-sharing payments; capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products; and upfront payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related rights primarily consists of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. R&D technology rights pertains to technologies used in R&D that have alternative future uses.
15

IPR&D consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval.
During the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $629 million and $652 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $1.3 billion in both periods. Amortization of intangible assets is primarily included in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The total estimated amortization for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining six months ending December 31, 2022, and the years ending December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, are $1.3 billion, $2.5 billion, $2.5 billion, $2.4 billion, $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively.
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9. Financing arrangements
Our borrowings consisted of the following (in millions):

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
0.41% CHF700 million bonds due 2023 (0.41% 2023 Swiss franc Bonds) | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 767 |
2.25% notes due 2023 (2.25% 2023 Notes) | 750 |  |  | 750 |
3.625% notes due 2024 (3.625% 2024 Notes) | 1,400 |  |  | 1,400 |
1.90% notes due 2025 (1.90% 2025 Notes) | 500 |  |  | 500 |
3.125% notes due 2025 (3.125% 2025 Notes) | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
2.00% €750 million notes due 2026 (2.00% 2026 euro Notes) | 786 |  |  | 853 |
2.60% notes due 2026 (2.60% 2026 Notes) | 1,250 |  |  | 1,250 |
5.50% £475 million notes due 2026 (5.50% 2026 pound sterling Notes) | 579 |  |  | 643 |
2.20% notes due 2027 (2.20% 2027 Notes) | 1,750 |  |  | 1,750 |
3.20% notes due 2027 (3.20% 2027 Notes) | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
1.65% notes due 2028 (1.65% 2028 Notes) | 1,250 |  |  | 1,250 |
3.00% notes due 2029 (3.00% 2029 Notes) | 750 |  |  | — |
4.00% £700 million notes due 2029 (4.00% 2029 pound sterling Notes) | 853 |  |  | 947 |
2.45% notes due 2030 (2.45% 2030 Notes) | 1,250 |  |  | 1,250 |
2.30% notes due 2031 (2.30% 2031 Notes) | 1,250 |  |  | 1,250 |
2.00% notes due 2032 (2.00% 2032 Notes) | 1,250 |  |  | 1,250 |
3.35% notes due 2032 (3.35% 2032 Notes) | 1,000 |  |  | — |
6.375% notes due 2037 (6.375% 2037 Notes) | 478 |  |  | 478 |
6.90% notes due 2038 (6.90% 2038 Notes) | 254 |  |  | 254 |
6.40% notes due 2039 (6.40% 2039 Notes) | 333 |  |  | 333 |
3.15% notes due 2040 (3.15% 2040 Notes) | 2,000 |  |  | 2,000 |
5.75% notes due 2040 (5.75% 2040 Notes) | 373 |  |  | 373 |
2.80% notes due 2041 (2.80% 2041 Notes) | 1,150 |  |  | 1,150 |
4.95% notes due 2041 (4.95% 2041 Notes) | 600 |  |  | 600 |
5.15% notes due 2041 (5.15% 2041 Notes) | 729 |  |  | 729 |
5.65% notes due 2042 (5.65% 2042 Notes) | 415 |  |  | 415 |
5.375% notes due 2043 (5.375% 2043 Notes) | 185 |  |  | 185 |
4.40% notes due 2045 (4.40% 2045 Notes) | 2,250 |  |  | 2,250 |
4.563% notes due 2048 (4.563% 2048 Notes) | 1,415 |  |  | 1,415 |
3.375% notes due 2050 (3.375% 2050 Notes) | 2,250 |  |  | 2,250 |
4.663% notes due 2051 (4.663% 2051 Notes) | 3,541 |  |  | 3,541 |
3.00% notes due 2052 (3.00% 2052 Notes) | 1,350 |  |  | 1,350 |
4.20% notes due 2052 (4.20% 2052 Notes) | 1,000 |  |  | — |
2.77% notes due 2053 (2.77% 2053 Notes) | 940 |  |  | 940 |
4.40% notes due 2062 (4.40% 2062 Notes) | 1,250 |  |  | — |
Other notes due 2097 | 100 |  |  | 100 |
Unamortized bond discounts, premiums and issuance costs, net | (1,245) |  |  | (1,213) |
Fair value adjustments | (210) |  |  | 284 |
Other | 13 |  |  | 15 |
Total carrying value of debt | 36,522 |  |  | 33,309 |
Less current portion | (817) |  |  | (87) |
Total long-term debt | $ | 35,705 |  |  | $ | 33,222 |

There are no material differences between the effective interest rates and coupon rates of any of our borrowings, except for the 4.563% 2048 Notes, the 4.663% 2051 Notes and the 2.77% 2053 Notes, which have effective interest rates of 6.3%, 5.6% and 5.2%, respectively.
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During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we issued $4.0 billion of debt consisting of $750 million of the 3.00% 2029 Notes, $1.0 billion of the 3.35% 2032 Notes, $1.0 billion of the 4.20% 2052 Notes and $1.25 billion of the 4.40% 2062 Notes. The 3.00% 2029 Notes were issued to finance eligible projects that meet specified criteria to benefit the environment. In the event of a change-in-control triggering event, as defined in the terms of the notes, we may be required to purchase all or a portion of these notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, these notes may be redeemed at any time at our option, in whole or in part, at the principal amount of the notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole amount, which are defined by the terms of the notes. The notes may be redeemed without payment of make-whole amounts if redemption occurs during a specified period of time immediately prior to the maturing of the notes. Such time periods range from two months to six months prior to maturity.
10. Stockholders’ equity
Stock repurchase program
Activity under our stock repurchase program, on a trade date basis, was as follows (in millions):

| 2022 |  | 2021
| Shares |  | Dollars |  | Shares |  | Dollars
First quarter | 24.6 |  |  | $ | 5,410 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 865 |
Second quarter | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 1,592 |
Total stock repurchases | 24.6 |  |  | $ | 5,410 |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | $ | 2,457 |

On February 24, 2022, the Company entered into ASR agreements with three third-party financial institutions (Dealers). Under the ASR agreements, the Company made payments in an aggregate amount of $6.0 billion on February 25, 2022, to the Dealers and received and retired an initial 23.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock from the Dealers. The payments were recorded as reductions to shareholders’ equity, consisting of a $5.1 billion increase to accumulated deficit, which reflects the value of the initial shares received, and a $0.9 billion decrease in additional paid-in capital, which reflects the value of the stock that remains to be delivered by the Dealers pending final settlement. The final number of shares to be repurchased by the Company will be based on the daily volume-weighted average stock price of the Company’s common stock during the terms of the ASR agreements, less a discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the ASR agreements. At settlement, under certain circumstances, one or more of the Dealers may be required to deliver additional shares of common stock to the Company, or under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to deliver shares of common stock or to make a cash payment, at its election, to a Dealer. The final settlement under the ASR agreements is scheduled to occur in the third quarter of 2022, subject to an earlier termination under certain limited circumstances, as set forth in the ASR agreements. In total, we repurchased 24.6 million shares of common stock in the first quarter of 2022, including shares received under the ASR agreements.
As of June 30, 2022, $4.6 billion of authorization remained available under our stock repurchase program.
Dividends
In March 2022 and December 2021, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.94 per share, which were paid in June 2022 and March 2022, respectively. In August 2022, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.94 per share, which will be paid on September 8, 2022.
18

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
The components of AOCI were as follows (in millions):

| Foreign currency translation |  | Cash flow hedges |  | Available-for-sale securities |  | Other |  | AOCI
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | (844) |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (796) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (51) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (51) |
Unrealized gains | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Reclassification adjustments to income | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Income taxes | — |  |  | (23) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23) |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 | (895) |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | (763) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (65) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (65) |
Unrealized gains | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |
Reclassification adjustments to income | — |  |  | 132 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 132 |
Income taxes | — |  |  | (43) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | (960) |  |  | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (672) |

Reclassifications out of AOCI and into earnings, including related income tax expenses, were as follows (in millions):

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |
Components of AOCI |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income locations
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contract gains (losses) |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | Product sales
Cross-currency swap contract (losses) gains |  | (185) |  |  | 46 |  |  | Other (expense) income, net
|  | (132) |  |  | 28 |  |  | Income before income taxes
|  | 28 |  |  | (6) |  |  | Provision for income taxes
|  | $ | (104) |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | Net income
|  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
Components of AOCI |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income locations
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contract gains (losses) |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | Product sales
Cross-currency swap contract losses |  | (263) |  |  | (86) |  |  | Other (expense) income, net
|  | (183) |  |  | (105) |  |  | Income before income taxes
|  | 39 |  |  | 22 |  |  | Provision for income taxes
|  | $ | (144) |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | Net income

19

11. Fair value measurement
To estimate the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, we use valuation approaches within a hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is divided into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1 | — | Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access
Level 2 | — | Valuations for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly—other than Level 1 inputs
Level 3 | — | Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement

The availability of observable inputs can vary among different types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, inputs used for measuring fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level of input used that is significant to the overall fair value measurement.
The fair values of each major class of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  |
Fair value measurement as of June 30, 2022, using: |  |  |  |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury notes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Treasury bills |  | 1,980 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,980 |
Money market mutual funds |  | 4,433 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,433 |
Other short-term interest-bearing securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity securities |  | 361 |  |  | — |  |  | 131 |  |  | 492 |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | — |  |  | 413 |  |  | — |  |  | 413 |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 6,774 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 7,347 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30 |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | — |  |  | 503 |  |  | — |  |  | 503 |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | — |  |  | 591 |  |  | — |  |  | 591 |
Contingent consideration obligations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310 |  |  | 310 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,124 |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 1,434 |

20

|  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  |
Fair value measurement as of December 31, 2021, using: |  |  |  |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury notes |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47 |
U.S. Treasury bills |  | 1,400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,400 |
Money market mutual funds |  | 5,856 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,856 |
Other short-term interest-bearing securities |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Equity securities |  | 611 |  |  | — |  |  | 220 |  |  | 831 |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | — |  |  | 183 |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | — |  |  | 66 |  |  | — |  |  | 66 |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Total assets |  | $ | 7,914 |  |  | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 8,400 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39 |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | — |  |  | 339 |  |  | — |  |  | 339 |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | — |  |  | 156 |  |  | — |  |  | 156 |
Contingent consideration obligations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 342 |  |  | 342 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 876 |

Interest-bearing and equity securities
The fair values of our U.S. Treasury securities, money market mutual funds and equity investments in publicly traded securities are based on quoted market prices in active markets, with no valuation adjustment. The fair value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values are initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued based on a combination of market performance and publicly available market information for similar companies that have actively traded equity securities.
Derivatives
All of our foreign currency forward derivative contracts have maturities of three years or less, and all are with counterparties that have minimum credit ratings of A– or equivalent by S&P, Moody’s or Fitch. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by taking into consideration valuations obtained from a third-party valuation service that uses an income-based industry-standard valuation model for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, LIBOR, swap rates and obligor credit default swap rates. In addition, inputs for our foreign currency option contracts include implied volatility measures. These inputs, when applicable, are at commonly quoted intervals. See Note 12, Derivative instruments.
Our cross-currency swap contracts are with counterparties that have minimum credit ratings of A– or equivalent by S&P, Moody’s or Fitch. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by taking into consideration valuations obtained from a third-party valuation service that uses an income-based industry-standard valuation model for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, LIBOR, swap rates, obligor credit default swap rates and cross-currency-basis swap spreads. See Note 12, Derivative instruments.
Our interest rate swap contracts are with counterparties that have minimum credit ratings of A– or equivalent by S&P, Moody’s or Fitch. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by using an income-based industry-standard valuation model for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs include LIBOR, swap rates and obligor credit default swap rates. See Note 12, Derivative instruments.
21

Contingent consideration obligations
As a result of our business acquisitions, we have incurred contingent consideration obligations as discussed below. The contingent consideration obligations are recorded at their fair values by using probability-adjusted discounted cash flows, and we revalue these obligations each reporting period until the related contingencies have been resolved. The fair value measurements of these obligations are based on significant unobservable inputs related to licensing rights and product candidates acquired in business combinations, and they are reviewed quarterly by management in our R&D and commercial sales organizations. The inputs include, as applicable, estimated probabilities and the timing of achieving specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones as well as estimated annual sales. Significant changes that increase or decrease the probabilities of achieving the related development, regulatory and commercial events or that shorten or lengthen the time required to achieve such events or that increase or decrease estimated annual sales would result in corresponding increases or decreases in the fair values of the obligations, as applicable. Changes in the fair values of contingent consideration obligations are recognized in Other operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Changes in the carrying amounts of contingent consideration obligations were as follows (in millions):

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Beginning balance |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Payments |  | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |
Net changes in valuations |  | (19) |  |  | 11 |  |  | (29) |  |  | 18 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 48 |

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our contingent consideration obligations are primarily the result of our acquisition of Teneobio in October 2021, which obligates us to pay the former shareholders up to $1.6 billion upon achieving separate development and regulatory milestones with regard to various R&D programs. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
Summary of the fair values of other financial instruments
Cash equivalents
The fair values of cash equivalents approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of such financial instruments.
Borrowings
We estimated the fair values of our borrowings by using Level 2 inputs. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aggregate fair values of our borrowings were $34.4 billion and $37.9 billion, respectively, and the carrying values were $36.5 billion and $33.3 billion, respectively.
Investment in BeiGene, Ltd.
We estimated the fair value of our investment in BeiGene by using Level 1 inputs. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair values were $3.1 billion and $5.1 billion, and the carrying values were $2.5 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no transfers of assets or liabilities between fair value measurement levels, and there were no material remeasurements to the fair values of assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, except with respect to the impairment of net assets in connection with the nonstrategic Gensenta divestiture. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
22

12. Derivative instruments
The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risks related to its business operations. To reduce our risks related to such exposures, we use or have used certain derivative instruments, including foreign currency forward, cross-currency swap, forward interest rate and interest rate swap contracts. We do not use derivatives for speculative- trading purposes.
Cash flow hedges
We are exposed to possible changes in the values of certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates primarily associated with our euro-denominated international product sales. Increases and decreases in the cash flows associated with our international product sales due to movements in foreign currency exchange rates are partially offset by corresponding increases and decreases in the cash flows from our international operating expenses resulting from these foreign currency exchange rate movements. To further reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations with regard to our international product sales, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a portion of our projected international product sales up to a maximum of three years into the future; and at any given point in time, a higher percentage of nearer-term projected product sales are being hedged than in successive periods.
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $5.6 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively. We have designated these foreign currency forward contracts, which are primarily euro based, as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, we report the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts in AOCI in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and we reclassify them to Product sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.
To hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of our long-term debt denominated in foreign currencies, we enter into cross-currency swap contracts. Under the terms of such contracts, we paid euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs and received U.S. dollars for the notional amounts at the inception of the contracts; and based on these notional amounts, we exchange interest payments at fixed rates over the lives of the contracts by paying U.S. dollars and receiving euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs. In addition, we will pay U.S. dollars to and receive euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs from the counterparties at the maturities of the contracts for these same notional amounts. The terms of these contracts correspond to the related hedged debt, thereby effectively converting the interest payments and principal repayment on the debt from euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs to U.S. dollars. We have designated these cross-currency swap contracts as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are reported in AOCI in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to Other (expense) income, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the same periods during which the hedged debt affects earnings.
The notional amounts and interest rates of our cross-currency swaps as of June 30, 2022, were as follows (notional amounts in millions):

|  | Foreign currency |  | U.S. dollars
Hedged notes |  | Notional amounts |  | Interest rates |  | Notional amounts |  | Interest rates
0.41% 2023 Swiss franc Bonds |  | CHF | 700 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | $ | 704 |  |  | 3.4 | %
2.00% 2026 euro Notes |  | € | 750 |  |  | 2.0 | % |  | $ | 833 |  |  | 3.9 | %
5.50% 2026 pound sterling Notes |  | £ | 475 |  |  | 5.5 | % |  | $ | 747 |  |  | 6.0 | %
4.00% 2029 pound sterling Notes |  | £ | 700 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | 1,111 |  |  | 4.5 | %

In connection with the anticipated issuance of long-term fixed-rate debt, we occasionally enter into forward interest rate contracts in order to hedge the variability in cash flows due to changes in the applicable U.S. Treasury rate between the time we enter into these contracts and the time the related debt is issued. Gains and losses on forward interest rate contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges, are recognized in AOCI i n the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized into Interest expense, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income over the lives of the associated debt issuances. Amounts recognized in connection with forward interest rate swaps during the six months ended June 30, 2022, and amounts expected to be recognized during the subsequent 12 months are not material.
23

The unrealized gains and losses recognized in AOCI for our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in millions):

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | (46) |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 137 |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | (185) |  |  | 15 |  |  | (207) |  |  | (60) |
Total unrealized gains (losses) |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | (31) |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 77 |

Fair value hedges
To achieve a desired mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt, we entered into interest rate swap contracts that qualified for and were designated as fair value hedges. These interest rate swap contracts effectively convert fixed-rate coupons to floating-rate LIBOR-based coupons over the terms of the related hedge contracts. As of both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had interest rate swap contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $6.7 billion that hedge certain portions of our long-term debt issuances.
For interest rate swap contracts that qualify for and are designated as fair value hedges, we recognize in Interest expense, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative resulting from the change in fair value during the period, as well as the offsetting unrealized loss or gain of the hedged item resulting from the change in fair value during the period attributable to the hedged risk. If a hedging relationship involving an interest rate swap contract is terminated, the gain or loss realized on contract termination is recorded as an adjustment to the carrying value of the debt and amortized into Interest expense, net, over the remaining life of the previously hedged debt.
The hedged liabilities and related cumulative-basis adjustments for fair value hedges of those liabilities were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (in millions):

|  | Carrying amounts of hedged liabilities(1) |  | Cumulative amounts of fair value hedging adjustments related to the carrying amounts of the hedged liabilities(2)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets locations |  | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Current portion of long-term debt |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 85 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 6,241 |  |  | $ | 6,729 |  |  | $ | (292) |  |  | $ | 199 |

____________
(1) Current portion of long-term debt includes $82 million and $85 million of carrying value with discontinued hedging relationships as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Long-term debt includes $399 million and $440 million of carrying value with discontinued hedging relationships as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(2) Current portion of long-term debt includes $82 million and $85 million of hedging adjustments on discontinued hedging relationships as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Long-term debt includes $299 million and $340 million of hedging adjustments on discontinued hedging relationships as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
24

Impact of hedging transactions
The following tables summarize the amounts recorded in income and expense line items and the effects thereon from fair value and cash flow hedging, including discontinued hedging relationships (in millions):

|  | Three months ended June 30, 2022 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2022
|  | Product sales |  | Other (expense) income, net |  | Interest expense, net |  | Product sales |  | Other (expense) income, net |  | Interest expense, net
Total amounts recorded in income and (expense) line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income |  | $ | 6,281 |  |  | $ | (317) |  |  | $ | (328) |  |  | $ | 12,012 |  |  | $ | (847) |  |  | $ | (623) |
The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedging relationships reclassified out of AOCI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (185) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (263) |  |  | $ | — |
Gains (losses) on fair value hedging relationships—interest rate swap agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items(1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 494 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (135) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (450) |

|  | Three months ended June 30, 2021 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2021
|  | Product sales |  | Other (expense) income, net |  | Interest expense, net |  | Product sales |  | Other (expense) income, net |  | Interest expense, net
Total amounts recorded in income and (expense) line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income |  | $ | 6,114 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (281) |  |  | $ | 11,706 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | (566) |
The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Losses) gains on cash flow hedging relationships reclassified out of AOCI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (86) |  |  | $ | — |
(Losses) gains on fair value hedging relationships—interest rate swap agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items(1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 141 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (97) |

__________
(1) Gains on hedged items do not exactly offset losses on the related designated hedging instruments due to amortization of the cumulative amounts of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged debt for discontinued hedging relationships and the recognition of gains on terminated hedges when the corresponding hedged item was paid down in the period.
No portions of our cash flow hedge contracts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. As of June 30, 2022, we expected to reclassify $179 million of net gains on our foreign currency and cross-currency swap contracts out of AOCI and into earnings during the next 12 months.
25

Derivatives not designated as hedges
To reduce our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations in certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts that are not designated as hedging transactions. Most of these exposures are hedged on a month-to-month basis. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the total notional amounts of these foreign currency forward contracts were $550 million and $680 million, respectively. Gains and losses recognized in earnings for our derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
The fair values of derivatives included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in millions):

|  | Derivative assets |  | Derivative liabilities
June 30, 2022 |  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets locations |  | Fair values |  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets locations |  | Fair values
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets |  | $ | 413 |  |  | Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities |  | $ | 30 |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets |  | 29 |  |  | Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 503 |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets |  | — |  |  | Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 591 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,124 |

|  | Derivative assets |  | Derivative liabilities
December 31, 2021 |  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets locations |  | Fair values |  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets locations |  | Fair values
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets |  | $ | 183 |  |  | Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities |  | $ | 39 |
Cross-currency swap contracts |  | Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets |  | 66 |  |  | Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 339 |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets |  | 16 |  |  | Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 156 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  | $ | 265 |  |  |  |  | $ | 534 |

Our derivative contracts that were in liability positions as of June 30, 2022, contain certain credit-risk-related contingent provisions that would be triggered if (i) we were to undergo a change in control and (ii) our or the surviving entity’s creditworthiness deteriorates, which is generally defined as having either a credit rating that is below investment grade or a materially weaker creditworthiness after the change in control. If these events were to occur, the counterparties would have the right, but not the obligation, to close the contracts under early-termination provisions. In such circumstances, the counterparties could request immediate settlement of these contracts for amounts that approximate the then current fair values of the contracts. In addition, our derivative contracts are not subject to any type of master netting arrangement, and amounts due either to or from a counterparty under the contracts may be offset against other amounts due either to or from the same counterparty only if an event of default or termination, as defined, were to occur.
The cash flow effects of our derivative contracts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are included in Net cash provided by operating activities, except for the settlement of notional amounts of cross-currency swaps, which are included in Net cash used in financing activities.
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13. Contingencies and commitments
Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various legal proceedings, government investigations and other matters that are complex in nature and have outcomes that are difficult to predict. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our business may be affected by litigation and government investigations. We describe our legal proceedings and other matters that are significant or that we believe could become significant in this footnote; in Note 19, Contingencies and commitments, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021; and in Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022.
We record accruals for loss contingencies to the extent that we conclude it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the related loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, on a quarterly basis, developments in legal proceedings and other matters that could cause an increase or decrease in the amount of the liability that has been accrued previously.
Our legal proceedings involve various aspects of our business and a variety of claims, some of which present novel factual allegations and/or unique legal theories. In each of the matters described in this filing; in Note 19, Contingencies and commitments, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021; and in Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022, in which we could incur a liability, our opponents seek an award of a not-yet-quantified amount of damages or an amount that is not material. In addition, a number of the matters pending against us are at very early stages of the legal process, which in complex proceedings of the sort we face often extend for several years. As a result, none of the matters described in this filing; in Note 19, Contingencies and commitments, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021; and in Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022, in which we could incur a liability, have progressed sufficiently through discovery and/or the development of important factual information and legal issues to enable us to estimate a range of possible loss, if any, or such amounts are not material. Although it is not possible to accurately predict or determine the eventual outcomes of these matters, an adverse determination in one or more of these matters currently pending could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Certain recent developments concerning our legal proceedings and other matters are discussed below:
ANDA Patent Litigation
Otezla ANDA Patent Litigation
Amgen Inc. v. Apotex Inc.
On June 14, 2022, Amgen filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey (the New Jersey District Court) against Apotex Inc. (Apotex) for infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,427,638, 9,872,854 and 10,092,541, which are listed in the Orange Book for Otezla. This lawsuit was based on Apotex’s submission of an ANDA seeking FDA approval to market a generic version of Otezla and seeks an order of the New Jersey District Court making any FDA approval of Apotex’s ANDA effective no earlier than the expiration of the applicable patents.
Repatha Patent Litigation
Patent Disputes in the International Region
On July 21, 2022, Sanofi Biotechnology SAS filed an action against Amgen GmbH and Amgen (Europe) B.V. before the Regional Court of Dusseldorf alleging that the marketing and sale of Repatha infringes European Patent No. 2,756,004 (the EP’004 Patent), seeking infringement damages and injunctive relief. The EP’004 Patent is currently in opposition proceedings, initiated by Amgen and an anonymous third party, before the European Patent Office (EPO). A hearing before the Opposition Division of the EPO was held on June 8 and 9, 2022, and the Opposition Division upheld the validity of the claims at issue with narrowing amendments. The parties are awaiting the Opposition Division’s written opinion. Amgen filed a Notice of Appeal on July 6, 2022.
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Antitrust Actions
Sensipar Antitrust Class Actions
On May 11, 2022, the parties filed motions asking permission to seek interlocutory appeal of the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware’s (the Delaware District Court’s) March 11, 2022 order denying Amgen’s Motion to Dismiss solely with respect to the reverse payment claim and the various state law claims. The plaintiffs did not oppose Amgen’s motion and instead argued all issues should be appealed at this time. Amgen filed its opposition to plaintiffs’ motion on June 10, 2022, and reply briefs were filed on June 24, 2022.
HUMIRA® Biosimilar Antitrust Actions
On August 1, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit issued an opinion affirming the June 30, 2020 dismissal with prejudice by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois of a consolidated complaint against Amgen along with AbbVie Inc., AbbVie Biotechnology Ltd., Samsung Bioepis Co. and Sandoz Inc.
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Antitrust Action
On May 27, 2022, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Regeneron) filed suit against Amgen in the Delaware District Court for federal and state antitrust and unfair competition violations and tortious interference with prospective business relations. Regeneron alleges that Amgen’s sales contracting practices for Repatha, ENBREL and Otezla with key insurers, third-party payors and PBMs have harmed the sales of its product PRALUENT® and focuses on two primary arguments: that Amgen improperly bundled sales of Repatha with ENBREL, Otezla and potentially other products and sought exclusive or de facto exclusive formulary positioning for Repatha. Amgen’s initial responsive pleading was filed on August 1, 2022.
U.S. Tax Litigation
Amgen Inc. & Subsidiaries v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
See Note 4, Income taxes, for discussion of the IRS tax dispute and the Company’s petition in the U.S. Tax Court.
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Item 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following MD&A is intended to assist the reader in understanding Amgen’s business. MD&A is provided as a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022. Our results of operations discussed in MD&A are presented in conformity with GAAP. Amgen operates in one business segment: human therapeutics. Therefore, our results of operations are discussed on a consolidated basis.
Forward-looking statements
This report and other documents we file with the SEC contain forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about us, our future performance, our business, our beliefs and our management’s assumptions. In addition, we, or others on our behalf, may make forward-looking statements in press releases, written statements or our communications and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of business through meetings, webcasts, phone calls and conference calls. Such words as “expect,” “anticipate,” “outlook,” “could,” “target,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “should,” “may,” “assume” and “continue” as well as variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and they involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. We describe our respective risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could affect the outcome or results of operations in Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part II herein and in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022. We have based our forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made. We caution you that actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecasted by our forward-looking statements. Reference is made in particular to forward-looking statements regarding product sales, regulatory activities, clinical trial results, reimbursement, expenses, EPS, liquidity and capital resources, trends, planned dividends, stock repurchases, collaborations and effects of pandemics. Except as required under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not have any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements after the distribution of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions or otherwise.
Overview
Amgen is a biotechnology company committed to unlocking the potential of biology for patients suffering from serious illnesses. A biotechnology pioneer since 1980, Amgen has grown to be one of the world’s leading independent biotechnology companies, has reached millions of patients around the world and is developing a pipeline of medicines with breakaway potential.
Our principal products are ENBREL, Prolia, Otezla, XGEVA, Aranesp, Neulasta, Repatha, KYPROLIS and Nplate. We also market a number of other products, including MVASI, Vectibix, EVENITY, BLINCYTO, EPOGEN, AMGEVITA, Aimovig, Parsabiv, KANJINTI, LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS, NEUPOGEN, Sensipar/Mimpara and TEZSPIRE.
COVID-19 pandemic
Since the onset of the pandemic in 2020, we have been closely monitoring the pandemic’s effects on our global operations. We continue to take appropriate steps to minimize risks to our employees, a significant number of whom have continued to work virtually. To date, our remote working arrangements have not significantly affected our ability to maintain critical business operations, and we have not experienced disruptions to or shortages of our supply of medicines.
Over the course of the pandemic we have experienced changes in demand for some of our products as fluctuations in the frequency of patient visits to doctors’ offices have impacted the provision of treatments to existing patients and reduced diagnoses in new patients. During 2021, there was a gradual recovery in both patient visits and diagnosis rates that approached pre-pandemic levels. In 2022, the pandemic has continued to impact the healthcare sector, and our business, to varying degrees across our markets. To date in 2022, in most of our major markets, with the exception of the Asia Pacific region that has been affected by sustained lockdowns, we have seen greater stability in patient visits and demand patterns even in areas facing surges in the virus. Given the evolution of COVID-19 since its onset, including the proliferation of variants, we cannot predict the impact of future virus surges on our business and will continue to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 on our business and on the healthcare sector more generally.
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With respect to our drug development activities, we continue to work to mitigate COVID-19 effects on future study enrollment in our clinical trials around the world. We remain focused on effectively supporting the delivery of care and investigational drug supply to patients enrolled in our active clinical sites.
Despite the ongoing pandemic and business impacts noted above, we believe that existing funds, cash generated from operations and existing sources of and access to financing are adequate to satisfy our needs for working capital, capital expenditures and debt service requirements as well as to engage in capital-return and other business initiatives that we plan to pursue. For a discussion of risks the COVID-19 pandemic presents to our results, see Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022.
Significant developments
Following is a summary of selected significant developments affecting our business that occurred since the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. For additional developments or for a more comprehensive discussion of certain developments discussed below, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022.
Products/Pipeline
General Medicine
Olpasiran
•In May 2022, we announced positive topline data from the Phase 2 OCEAN(a)-DOSE clinical study, evaluating olpasiran (formerly AMG 890) in adult patients with lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), levels over 150 nmol/L and evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Olpasiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to lower the body’s production of apolipoprotein(a), a key component of Lp(a) that has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In the double-blind placebo-controlled treatment period, olpasiran was administered up to 225 mg subcutaneously every 12 weeks to patients with a median baseline Lp(a) of approximately 260 nmol/L. These data demonstrated a significant reduction from baseline in Lp(a) of up to or greater than 90 percent at week 36 (primary endpoint) and week 48 (end of treatment period) for the majority of doses. No new safety concerns were identified during this treatment period.
Inflammation
TEZSPIRE
•In July 2022, our partner AstraZeneca plc announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the EMA has recommended TEZSPIRE for marketing authorization in the European Union as an add-on therapy in patients 12 years and older with severe asthma who are inadequately controlled with high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus another medicinal product for maintenance treatment.
Business development
Proposed acquisition of ChemoCentryx, Inc.
•On August 4, 2022, Amgen announced its proposed acquisition of ChemoCentryx for $52.00 per share in cash, for a total transaction price of approximately $4.0 billion. ChemoCentryx is a biopharmaceutical company focused on orally-administered therapeutics to treat autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders and cancer. In the United States, ChemoCentryx markets TAVNEOS®, the first approved orally administered inhibitor of the complement 5a receptor as an adjunctive treatment for adult patients with severe active anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis (ANCA vasculitis). The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2022.
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Selected financial information
The following is an overview of our results of operations (in millions, except percentages and per-share data):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Product sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. | $ | 4,446 |  |  | $ | 4,374 |  |  | 2 | % |  | $ | 8,483 |  |  | $ | 8,277 |  |  | 2 | %
ROW | 1,835 |  |  | 1,740 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 3,529 |  |  | 3,429 |  |  | 3 | %
Total product sales | 6,281 |  |  | 6,114 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 12,012 |  |  | 11,706 |  |  | 3 | %
Other revenues | 313 |  |  | 412 |  |  | (24) | % |  | 820 |  |  | 721 |  |  | 14 | %
Total revenues | $ | 6,594 |  |  | $ | 6,526 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 12,832 |  |  | $ | 12,427 |  |  | 3 | %
Operating expenses | $ | 4,418 |  |  | $ | 5,698 |  |  | (22) | % |  | $ | 8,156 |  |  | $ | 9,470 |  |  | (14) | %
Operating income | $ | 2,176 |  |  | $ | 828 |  |  | * |  | $ | 4,676 |  |  | $ | 2,957 |  |  | 58 | %
Net income | $ | 1,317 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | * |  | $ | 2,793 |  |  | $ | 2,110 |  |  | 32 | %
Diluted EPS | $ | 2.45 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | * |  | $ | 5.13 |  |  | $ | 3.65 |  |  | 41 | %
Diluted shares | 537 |  |  | 576 |  |  | (7) | % |  | 544 |  |  | 578 |  |  | (6) | %

* Change in excess of 100%
In the following discussion of changes in product sales, any reference to unit demand growth or decline refers to changes in purchases of our products by healthcare providers (such as physicians or their clinics), dialysis centers, hospitals and pharmacies. In addition, any reference to increases or decreases in inventory refers to changes in inventory held by wholesaler customers and end users (such as pharmacies).
Total product sales increased for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher unit demand for certain brands including Repatha, Prolia, EVENITY, LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS and KYPROLIS, partially offset by declines in the net selling prices of certain products and unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Total product sales increased for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher unit demand for certain brands, including Repatha, Prolia, EVENITY, LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS and KYPROLIS, and by favorable changes to estimated sales deductions, partially offset by declines in the net selling prices of certain products and unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For the remainder of 2022, we expect that net selling prices will continue to decline at a portfolio level, driven by increased competition.
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic we experienced changes in demand for some of our products as fluctuations in the frequency of patient visits to doctors’ offices have impacted the provision of treatments to existing patients and reduced diagnoses in new patients. In general, declines in the sales of our products that were impacted by the dynamics of the pandemic were most significant in the early months of the pandemic, with product demand beginning to show some recovery in late 2020. During 2021, there was a gradual recovery in both patient visits and diagnosis rates that approached pre-pandemic levels; however, variants (including Omicron) began to impact the healthcare sector and our business in late 2021 and early 2022. This led to diminished capacity in the healthcare sector and reduced working days for our own sales force. For the second quarter 2022, we have seen the impact of these variants recede in most markets, with the exception of some markets in the Asia Pacific region, which has allowed us to engage in increased field-facing activities. Provider and patient activity has also increased, leading to improvements in demand for our products to pre-pandemic levels. However, the cumulative decrease in diagnoses over the course of the pandemic has suppressed the volume of new patients starting treatment, which continues to impact our business. Given the unpredictable nature of the pandemic, there could be intermittent disruptions in physician–patient interactions, and as a result, we may experience quarter-to-quarter variability. In addition, other changes in the healthcare ecosystem have the potential to introduce variability into product sales trends. For example, changes in U.S. employment have led to changes to the insured population. Growth in numbers of Medicaid enrollees and uninsured individuals may have a negative impact on product demand and sales. Overall, uncertainty remains around the timing and magnitude of our sales during the COVID-19 pandemic. See Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022.
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Other revenues decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2022, driven by lower revenue from COVID-19 antibody material and increased for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher revenue from COVID-19 antibody material.
Operating expenses decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to the Acquired IPR&D expense related to the Five Prime acquisition in 2021, partially offset by a loss on a nonstrategic divestiture in 2022. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
Although changes in foreign currency exchange rates result in increases or decreases in our reported international product sales, the benefit or detriment that such movements have on our international product sales is partially offset by corresponding increases or decreases in our international operating expenses and our related foreign currency hedging activities. Further, while not designed to completely address foreign currency changes, our hedging activities seek to offset, in part, the effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes, both favorable and unfavorable, on our net income by hedging our net foreign currency exposure, primarily with respect to product sales denominated in euros. The net impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
Results of operations
Product sales
Worldwide product sales were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
ENBREL | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |  |  | (8) | % |  | $ | 1,913 |  |  | $ | 2,068 |  |  | (7) | %
Prolia | 922 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 1,774 |  |  | 1,572 |  |  | 13 | %
Otezla | 594 |  |  | 534 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 1,045 |  |  | 1,010 |  |  | 3 | %
XGEVA | 533 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 1,035 |  |  | 956 |  |  | 8 | %
Aranesp | 357 |  |  | 367 |  |  | (3) | % |  | 715 |  |  | 722 |  |  | (1) | %
Neulasta | 310 |  |  | 486 |  |  | (36) | % |  | 658 |  |  | 968 |  |  | (32) | %
Repatha | 325 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 654 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 14 | %
KYPROLIS | 317 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 604 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 14 | %
Nplate | 284 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 16 | % |  | 550 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 17 | %
Other products | 1,588 |  |  | 1,470 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 3,064 |  |  | 2,835 |  |  | 8 | %
Total product sales | $ | 6,281 |  |  | $ | 6,114 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 12,012 |  |  | $ | 11,706 |  |  | 3 | %

Future sales of our products will depend in part on the factors discussed below and in the following sections of this report: (i) Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Overview, and Selected Financial Information; and (ii) Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors, and in the following sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021: (i) Part I, Item 1. Business—Marketing, Distribution and Selected Marketed Products; (ii) Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors; and (iii) Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Overview, and Results of Operations—Product Sales, as well as in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022: (i) Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Product Sales; and (ii) Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors.
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ENBREL
Total ENBREL sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
ENBREL — U.S. | $ | 1,036 |  |  | $ | 1,113 |  |  | (7) | % |  | $ | 1,879 |  |  | $ | 2,007 |  |  | (6) | %
ENBREL — Canada | 15 |  |  | 31 |  |  | (52) | % |  | 34 |  |  | 61 |  |  | (44) | %
Total ENBREL | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |  |  | (8) | % |  | $ | 1,913 |  |  | $ | 2,068 |  |  | (7) | %

The decrease in ENBREL sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by lower net selling price and lower unit demand.
For the remainder of 2022, we expect that net selling price will continue to decline driven by increased competition.
Prolia
Total Prolia sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Prolia — U.S. | $ | 611 |  |  | $ | 538 |  |  | 14 | % |  | $ | 1,193 |  |  | $ | 1,039 |  |  | 15 | %
Prolia — ROW | 311 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 581 |  |  | 533 |  |  | 9 | %
Total Prolia | $ | 922 |  |  | $ | 814 |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 1,774 |  |  | $ | 1,572 |  |  | 13 | %

The increase in global Prolia sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by higher unit demand.
Otezla
Total Otezla sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Otezla — U.S. | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | 15 | % |  | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | 6 | %
Otezla — ROW | 107 |  |  | 111 |  |  | (4) | % |  | 208 |  |  | 221 |  |  | (6) | %
Total Otezla | $ | 594 |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 1,045 |  |  | $ | 1,010 |  |  | 3 | %

The increase in global Otezla sales for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was driven by higher unit demand and favorable changes to estimated sales deductions, partially offset by lower net selling price.
The increase in global Otezla sales for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by higher unit demand and favorable changes to estimated sales deductions, partially offset by lower net selling price and unfavorable changes to inventory.
For a discussion of litigation related to Otezla, see Part IV—Note 19, Contingencies and commitments, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report.
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XGEVA
Total XGEVA sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
XGEVA — U.S. | $ | 391 |  |  | $ | 355 |  |  | 10 | % |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | 689 |  |  | 10 | %
XGEVA — ROW | 142 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 276 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 3 | %
Total XGEVA | $ | 533 |  |  | $ | 488 |  |  | 9 | % |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 956 |  |  | 8 | %

The increase in global XGEVA sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by higher net selling price and favorable changes to estimated sales deductions.
Aranesp
Total Aranesp sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Aranesp — U.S. | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | (2) | % |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 260 |  |  | 3 | %
Aranesp — ROW | 225 |  |  | 232 |  |  | (3) | % |  | 446 |  |  | 462 |  |  | (3) | %
Total Aranesp | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 367 |  |  | (3) | % |  | $ | 715 |  |  | $ | 722 |  |  | (1) | %

The decrease in global Aranesp sales for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by lower net selling price.
The decrease in global Aranesp sales for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was driven by lower net selling price and unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by favorable changes to estimated sales deductions and higher unit demand.
Aranesp continues to face competition from a long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) and also faces competition from biosimilar versions of EPOGEN, which will continue to impact sales in the future.
Neulasta
Total Neulasta sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Neulasta — U.S. | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 434 |  |  | (39) | % |  | $ | 567 |  |  | $ | 855 |  |  | (34) | %
Neulasta — ROW | 47 |  |  | 52 |  |  | (10) | % |  | 91 |  |  | 113 |  |  | (19) | %
Total Neulasta | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  | (36) | % |  | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | 968 |  |  | (32) | %

The decrease in global Neulasta sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by lower net selling price and unit demand.
Increased competition as a result of biosimilar versions of Neulasta has had and will continue to have a significant adverse impact on brand sales, including accelerating net price erosion and lower unit demand. We also expect other biosimilar versions, including biosimilars that will use an on-body injector that would compete with our Onpro injector, to be approved in the future.
For a discussion of ongoing patent litigations related to these and other biosimilars, see Part IV—Note 19, Contingencies and commitments, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and Part I—Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022.
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Repatha
Total Repatha sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Repatha — U.S. | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | 13 | %
Repatha — ROW | 171 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 20 | % |  | 335 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 16 | %
Total Repatha | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | 14 | % |  | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | 572 |  |  | 14 | %

The increase in global Repatha sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was driven by higher unit demand, partially offset by lower net selling price. Contracting changes to support and expand Medicare Part D and commercial patient access and the inclusion of Repatha on China’s National Reimbursement Drug List as of January 1, 2022, resulted in the decrease to net selling price in 2022.
For a discussion of ongoing litigation related to Repatha, see Part IV—Note 19, Contingencies and commitments, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021; Part I—Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022; and Part I—Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report.
KYPROLIS
Total KYPROLIS sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
KYPROLIS — U.S. | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | 12 | % |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  | 17 | %
KYPROLIS — ROW | 104 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 16 | % |  | 195 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 7 | %
Total KYPROLIS | $ | 317 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 604 |  |  | $ | 531 |  |  | 14 | %

The increase in global KYPROLIS sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was driven by higher unit demand, partially offset by lower net selling price.
The FDA has reported that it has granted tentative or final approval of ANDAs for generic carfilzomib products filed by a number of companies. The date of approval of those ANDAs for generic carfilzomib products is governed by the Hatch–Waxman Act and any applicable settlement agreements between us and certain companies that seek to develop generic carfilzomib products.
Nplate
Total Nplate sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Nplate — U.S. | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | 15 | % |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | 26 | %
Nplate — ROW | 128 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 17 | % |  | 238 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 6 | %
Total Nplate | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | 16 | % |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | 17 | %

The increase in global Nplate sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by higher unit demand and net selling price.
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Other products
Other product sales by geographic region were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
MVASI — U.S. | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | (22) | % |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  | (23) | %
MVASI — ROW | 82 |  |  | 88 |  |  | (7) | % |  | 158 |  |  | 158 |  |  | — | %
Vectibix — U.S. | 96 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 181 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 6 | %
Vectibix— ROW | 111 |  |  | 147 |  |  | (24) | % |  | 227 |  |  | 259 |  |  | (12) | %
EVENITY — U.S. | 130 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 65 | % |  | 240 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 76 | %
EVENITY— ROW | 61 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 17 | % |  | 121 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 19 | %
BLINCYTO — U.S. | 77 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 24 | % |  | 156 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 23 | %
BLINCYTO — ROW | 62 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 35 | % |  | 121 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 38 | %
EPOGEN — U.S. | 136 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 256 |  |  | 255 |  |  | — | %
AMGEVITA — ROW | 116 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 224 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 5 | %
Aimovig — U.S. | 88 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 186 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 26 | %
Aimovig — ROW | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | NM |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | NM
Parsabiv — U.S. | 71 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 92 | % |  | 128 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 54 | %
Parsabiv — ROW | 32 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (6) | % |  | 61 |  |  | 67 |  |  | (9) | %
KANJINTI — U.S. | 69 |  |  | 132 |  |  | (48) | % |  | 149 |  |  | 262 |  |  | (43) | %
KANJINTI — ROW | 16 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (33) | % |  | 32 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (42) | %
LUMAKRAS — U.S. | 51 |  |  | 9 |  |  | * |  | 99 |  |  | 9 |  |  | *
LUMYKRAS — ROW | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | NM |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | NM
NEUPOGEN — U.S. | 21 |  |  | 36 |  |  | (42) | % |  | 44 |  |  | 54 |  |  | (19) | %
NEUPOGEN — ROW | 16 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 31 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — | %
Sensipar — U.S. | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 25 | % |  | 9 |  |  | 4 |  |  | *
Sensipar/Mimpara — ROW | 15 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (25) | % |  | 31 |  |  | 43 |  |  | (28) | %
Other — U.S.(1) | 98 |  |  | 38 |  |  | * |  | 162 |  |  | 80 |  |  | *
Other — ROW(1) | 44 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 47 | % |  | 72 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 20 | %
Total other products | $ | 1,588 |  |  | $ | 1,470 |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 3,064 |  |  | $ | 2,835 |  |  | 8 | %
Total U.S. — other products | $ | 1,003 |  |  | $ | 907 |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 1,939 |  |  | $ | 1,759 |  |  | 10 | %
Total ROW — other products | 585 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 1,125 |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | 5 | %
Total other products | $ | 1,588 |  |  | $ | 1,470 |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 3,064 |  |  | $ | 2,835 |  |  | 8 | %

NM = not meaningful
* Change in excess of 100%
____________
(1) Other products include Corlanor, AVSOLA, TEZSPIRE, IMLYGIC and RIABNI as well as sales by Gensenta and Bergamo subsidiaries.
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Operating expenses
Operating expenses were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | 1,637 |  |  | (8) | % |  | $ | 3,071 |  |  | $ | 3,127 |  |  | (2) | %
% of product sales | 24.0 | % |  | 26.8 | % |  |  |  | 25.6 | % |  | 26.7 | % |  |
% of total revenues | 22.9 | % |  | 25.1 | % |  |  |  | 23.9 | % |  | 25.2 | % |  |
Research and development | $ | 1,039 |  |  | $ | 1,082 |  |  | (4) | % |  | $ | 1,998 |  |  | $ | 2,049 |  |  | (2) | %
% of product sales | 16.5 | % |  | 17.7 | % |  |  |  | 16.6 | % |  | 17.5 | % |  |
% of total revenues | 15.8 | % |  | 16.6 | % |  |  |  | 15.6 | % |  | 16.5 | % |  |
Acquired in-process research and development | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | NM |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | NM
% of product sales | — | % |  | 24.6 | % |  |  |  | — | % |  | 12.9 | % |  |
% of total revenues | — | % |  | 23.1 | % |  |  |  | — | % |  | 12.1 | % |  |
Selling, general and administrative | $ | 1,327 |  |  | $ | 1,384 |  |  | (4) | % |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | 2,638 |  |  | (3) | %
% of product sales | 21.1 | % |  | 22.6 | % |  |  |  | 21.3 | % |  | 22.5 | % |  |
% of total revenues | 20.1 | % |  | 21.2 | % |  |  |  | 19.9 | % |  | 21.2 | % |  |
Other | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | * |  | $ | 532 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | *
Total operating expenses | $ | 4,418 |  |  | $ | 5,698 |  |  | (22) | % |  | $ | 8,156 |  |  | $ | 9,470 |  |  | (14) | %

NM = not meaningful
* Change in excess of 100%
Cost of sales
Cost of sales decreased to 22.9% and 23.9% of total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, driven by lower COVID-19 antibody shipments, lower manufacturing costs and lower amortization expense from acquisition-related assets, partially offset by unfavorable product mix.
Research and development
The decrease in R&D expense for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was driven by lower marketed product support and lower expense resulting from acquisition-related activity, partially offset by higher spend in research and early pipeline.
The decrease in R&D expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was driven by lower marketed product support and lower expense resulting from acquisition-related activity, partially offset by higher late-stage development program spend and research and early pipeline spend.
Acquired in-process research and development
The decrease in Acquired IPR&D expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was due to the bemarituzumab program, which was acquired as part of the Five Prime acquisition in 2021. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
Selling, general and administrative
The decrease in SG&A expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by lower spend for marketed products and lower expense resulting from acquisition-related activity.
Other
Other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, consisted primarily of a loss on a nonstrategic divestiture. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures. Other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, consisted primarily of expenses related to cost saving initiatives.
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Nonoperating expense/income and income taxes
Nonoperating expense/income and income taxes were as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense, net | $ | (328) |  |  | $ | (281) |  |  | $ | (623) |  |  | $ | (566) |
Other (expense) income, net | $ | (317) |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (847) |  |  | $ | 24 |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | 305 |
Effective tax rate | 14.0 | % |  | 16.8 | % |  | 12.9 | % |  | 12.6 | %

Interest expense, net
The increase in Interest expense, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to higher overall debt outstanding and higher LIBOR rates on debt for which we effectively pay a variable rate of interest through the use of interest rate swaps.
Other (expense) income, net
The change in Other (expense) income, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to net losses recognized on our strategic equity investments in the current year compared with net gains recognized in the prior year and higher current year losses in connection with our BeiGene investment.
Income taxes
The decrease in our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to the prior year nondeductible IPR&D expense arising from the acquisition of Five Prime, partially offset by current year unfavorable items, including a loss on a nonstrategic divestiture. The increase in our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to current year unfavorable items compared to last year including a loss on a nonstrategic divestiture, partially offset by the prior year nondeductible IPR&D expense arising from the acquisition of Five Prime and changes in earnings mix. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
The Administration proposed and Congress is considering a variety of potentially significant changes to existing tax law. These changes, or others, could substantially increase taxes we pay to the U.S. government. Further, the OECD recently reached an agreement to align countries on a minimum corporate tax rate and an expansion of the taxing rights of market countries. If enacted, either by all OECD participants or unilaterally by individual countries, this agreement could result in tax increases in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions. The U.S. Treasury recently released final foreign tax credit regulations that eliminate U.S. creditability of the Puerto Rico Excise Tax beginning in 2023, which would increase our U.S. tax liability. However, the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico recently enacted Act 52-2022, which provides for an alternate fixed tax rate on industrial development income that is expected to be creditable under U.S. law. As part of this new law, eligible businesses would be subject to incremental income and withholding taxes in lieu of payment of the Puerto Rico Excise Tax. In order to qualify for the alternative fixed tax rate, we must amend our current tax grant with the Puerto Rico government by December 31, 2022. Once we qualify for this alternative fixed tax rate, which we expect to occur as of January 1, 2023, our tax expense will increase. While we expect these taxes to be partially offset by U.S. foreign tax credits, the U.S. Treasury has not yet issued guidance on whether the alternative fixed tax rate will be creditable under U.S. law.
In 2017, we received an RAR and a modified RAR from the IRS for the years 2010–2012, proposing significant adjustments that primarily relate to the allocation of profits between certain of our entities in the United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico. We disagreed with the proposed adjustments and calculations and pursued resolution with the IRS appeals office but were unable to reach resolution. In July 2021, we filed a petition in the U.S. Tax Court to contest two duplicate Statutory Notices of Deficiency (Notices) for the years 2010–2012 that we received in May and July 2021, which seek to increase our U.S. taxable income for the years 2010–2012 by an amount that would result in additional federal tax of approximately $3.6 billion plus interest. Any additional tax that could be imposed for the years 2010–2012 would be reduced by up to approximately $900 million of repatriation tax previously accrued on our foreign earnings.
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In 2020, we received an RAR and a modified RAR from the IRS for the years 2013–2015, also proposing significant adjustments that primarily relate to the allocation of profits between certain of our entities in the United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico similar to those proposed for the years 2010–2012. We disagreed with the proposed adjustments and calculations and pursued resolution with the IRS appeals office but were unable to reach resolution. In July 2022, we filed a petition in the U.S. Tax Court to contest a Notice for the years 2013–2015 that we previously reported receiving in April 2022 that seeks to increase our U.S. taxable income for the years 2013–2015 by an amount that would result in additional federal tax of approximately $5.1 billion, plus interest. In addition, the Notice asserts penalties of approximately $2.0 billion. Any additional tax that could be imposed for the years 2013–2015 would be reduced by up to approximately $2.2 billion of repatriation tax previously accrued on our foreign earnings.
We firmly believe that the IRS positions set forth in the 2010–2012 and 2013–2015 Notices are without merit. We are contesting the 2010–2012 and 2013–2015 Notices through the judicial process, and we will seek consolidation of the two periods into one case in the U.S. Tax Court.
We are currently under examination by the IRS for the years 2016–2018 with respect to issues similar to those for the 2010 through 2015 period. In addition, we have examinations by a number of state and foreign tax jurisdictions.
Final resolution of these complex matters is not likely within the next 12 months. We believe our accrual for income tax liabilities is appropriate based on past experience, interpretations of tax law, application of the tax law to our facts and judgments about potential actions by tax authorities; however, due to the complexity of the provision for income taxes and uncertain resolution of these matters, the ultimate outcome of any tax matters may result in payments substantially greater than amounts accrued and could have a material adverse impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years ended on or before December 31, 2009.
See Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors—The adoption and interpretation of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities could affect our profitability, and Note 4, Income taxes, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Financial condition, liquidity and capital resources
Selected financial data were as follows (in millions):

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 7,183 |  |  | $ | 8,037 |
Total assets | $ | 59,294 |  |  | $ | 61,165 |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 817 |  |  | $ | 87 |
Long-term debt | $ | 35,705 |  |  | $ | 33,222 |
Stockholders’ equity | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | 6,700 |

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
Our balance of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities was $7.2 billion as of June 30, 2022. The primary objective of our investment portfolio is to maintain safety of principal, prudent levels of liquidity and acceptable levels of risk. Our investment policy limits interest-bearing security investments to certain types of debt and money market instruments issued by institutions with primarily investment-grade credit ratings, and it places restrictions on maturities and concentration by asset class and issuer.
Capital allocation
Consistent with the objective to optimize our capital structure, we deploy our accumulated cash balances in a strategic manner and consider a number of alternatives, including investments in innovation, both internally and externally, strategic transactions (including those that expand our portfolio of products in areas of therapeutic interest), payment of dividends, stock repurchases and repayment of debt.
We intend to continue to invest in our business while returning capital to stockholders through the payment of cash dividends and stock repurchases, thereby reflecting our confidence in the future cash flows of our business and our desire to optimize our cost of capital. The timing and amount of future dividends and stock repurchases will vary based on a number of factors, including future capital requirements for strategic transactions, availability of financing on acceptable terms, debt service requirements, our credit rating, changes to applicable tax laws or corporate laws, changes to our business model and
39

periodic determination by our Board of Directors that cash dividends and/or stock repurchases are in the best interests of stockholders and are in compliance with applicable laws and the Company’s agreements. In addition, the timing and amount of stock repurchases may also be affected by our overall level of cash, stock price and blackout periods, during which we are restricted from repurchasing stock. The manner of stock repurchases may include block purchases, tender offers, ASRs and market transactions.
In March 2022 and December 2021, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.94 per share of common stock, which were paid on June 8, 2022 and March 8, 2022, respectively, an increase of 10% over quarterly cash dividend paid in each quarter in 2021. In August 2022, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.94 per share of common stock, which will be paid on September 8, 2022 to all stockholders of record as of the close of business on August 18, 2022.
We also returned capital to stockholders through our stock repurchase program. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we executed trades to repurchase $5.4 billion of common stock, including $5.1 billion of an initial purchase under the ASR agreements described below. As of June 30, 2022, $4.6 billion of authorization remained available under our stock repurchase program.
In February 2022, we entered into ASR agreements under which we paid an aggregate amount of $6.0 billion to the Dealers and retired an initial 23.3 million shares of common stock. Approximately $0.9 billion of stock remains to be delivered by the Dealers pending final settlement, which will be based on the daily volume-weighted average stock price of our common stock during the terms of the ASR agreements, less a discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the ASR agreements. At settlement, which is scheduled to occur in the third quarter of 2022, the Dealers may be required to deliver additional shares of common stock to us, or under certain circumstances, we may be required to deliver shares of common stock or to make a cash payment, at our election, to the Dealers.
As a result of stock repurchases and quarterly dividend payments, we have an accumulated deficit as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Our accumulated deficit is not anticipated to affect our future ability to operate, repurchase stock, pay dividends or repay our debt given our continuing profitability and strong financial position.
We believe that existing funds, cash generated from operations and existing sources of and access to financing are adequate to satisfy our needs for working capital, capital expenditure and debt service requirements, our plans to pay dividends and repurchase stock and other business initiatives we plan to strategically pursue, including acquisitions and licensing activities. We anticipate that our liquidity needs can be met through a variety of sources, including cash provided by operating activities, sales of marketable securities, borrowings through commercial paper and/or syndicated credit facilities and access to other domestic and foreign debt markets and equity markets. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Global economic conditions may negatively affect us and may magnify certain risks that affect our business.
Certain of our financing arrangements contain nonfinancial covenants. In addition, our revolving credit agreement includes a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a specified minimum interest coverage ratio of (i) the sum of consolidated net income, interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation expense, amortization expense, unusual or nonrecurring charges and other noncash items (consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) to (ii) consolidated interest expense, each as defined and described in the credit agreement. We were in compliance with all applicable covenants under these arrangements as of June 30, 2022.
Cash flows
Our summarized cash flow activity was as follows (in millions):

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 4,094 |  |  | $ | 4,035 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (2,304) |  |  | $ | 890 |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (4,576) |  |  | $ | (4,561) |

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Operating
Cash provided by operating activities has been and is expected to continue to be our primary recurring source of funds. Cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2022, increased primarily due to higher net income, after adjustments for noncash items, partially offset by the impact of working capital items.
Investing
Cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to net cash outflows related to marketable securities activity of $1.9 billion and capital expenditures of $436 million. Cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to net cash inflows related to marketable securities activity of $2.9 billion, partially offset by the acquisition of Five Prime for $1.6 billion and capital expenditures of $351 million. We currently estimate 2022 spending on capital projects to be approximately $950 million.
Financing
Cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to payments to repurchase our common stock of $6.4 billion, including amounts paid under the ASR agreements discussed above, and the payment of dividends of $2.1 billion, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of debt of $4.0 billion. Cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to payments to repurchase our common stock of $2.5 billion and the payment of dividends of $2.0 billion. See Note 9, Financing arrangements, and Note 10, Stockholders’ equity, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the notes to the financial statements. Some of those judgments can be subjective and complex, and therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. A summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates is presented in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Information about our market risk is disclosed in Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference. There were no material changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, to the information provided in Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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Item 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Amgen’s Exchange Act reports gets recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information gets accumulated and communicated to Amgen’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to facilitate timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, Amgen’s management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, Amgen’s management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost–benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including Amgen’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Amgen’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on their evaluation and subject to the foregoing, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2022.
Management determined that as of June 30, 2022, no changes in our internal control over financial reporting had occurred during the fiscal quarter then ended that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 13, Contingencies and commitments, to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, for discussions that are limited to certain recent developments concerning our legal proceedings. Those discussions should be read in conjunction with Part IV—Note 19, Contingencies and commitments, to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 1A. | RISK FACTORS

This report and other documents we file with the SEC contain forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about us, our future performance, our business, our beliefs and our management’s assumptions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and they involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties our business faces. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Our business is also subject to the risks that affect many other companies, such as employment relations, general economic conditions, geopolitical events and international operations. Further, additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may in the future materially and adversely affect our business, operations, liquidity and stock price.
Below we provide in supplemental form the material changes to our risk factors that occurred during the past quarter. Our risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, provide additional disclosure for these supplemental risks and are incorporated herein by reference.
Our sales depend on coverage and reimbursement from government and commercial third-party payers, and pricing and reimbursement pressures have affected and are likely to continue to affect our profitability.
Sales of our products depend on the availability and extent of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers, including government healthcare programs and private insurance plans. Governments and private payers continue to pursue initiatives to manage drug utilization and contain costs. These payers are increasingly focused on costs, which have resulted, and are expected to continue to result, in lower reimbursement rates for our products or narrower populations for whom payers will reimburse. Continued intense public scrutiny of the price of drugs and other healthcare costs, together with payer dynamics, have limited, and are likely to continue to limit, our ability to set or adjust the price of our products based on their value, which can have a material adverse effect on our business. In the United States, particularly over the past few years, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals have been introduced to attempt to lower drug prices. These include proposals that would enable the U.S. government to negotiate drug prices directly, limit drug reimbursement in Medicare and/or the commercial market based on reference prices, impose penalties if drug prices are increased at a rate faster than inflation or permit importation of drugs from Canada. Additional proposals would require a rebate to the government for any price increase in excess of the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers and/or to shift some of the costs of these Medicare Part D reforms to manufacturers to offset the costs. Certain proposals focused on drug pricing have been adopted, and additional proposals are likely to be adopted and implemented in some form.
—Changing U.S. federal coverage and reimbursement policies and practices have affected and may continue to affect access to, pricing of and sales of our products
A substantial portion of our U.S. business relies on reimbursement from federal government healthcare programs and commercial insurance plans regulated by federal and state governments. See Part I, Item 1. Business—Reimbursement of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our business has been and will continue to be affected by legislative actions changing U.S. federal reimbursement policy. Congress has focused on drug pricing reforms and oversight since 2018, and this activity is still ongoing and has intensified. Since 2019, a number of Congressional committees debated drug pricing reform proposals, and in 2020, Amgen participated in House Oversight and Reform Committee hearings on drug pricing practices. In 2019, the Senate Finance Committee advanced a bill that would, among other things, penalize pharmaceutical manufacturers for raising prices on drugs covered by Medicare Parts B and/or D faster than the rate of inflation, cap out-of-pocket expenses for Medicare Part D beneficiaries and require higher or additional manufacturer discounts in Medicare Part D. Additionally, in late 2019, a drug-pricing bill, H.R. 3, passed the House of Representatives and included provisions that, among other things, enabled direct price negotiations by the federal government on certain drugs, (with the maximum price paid by Medicare capped by prices derived from an international index), penalized failures to reach agreement with the government and required that manufacturers offer these negotiated prices to other payers. Provisions from H.R. 3 have
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been incorporated and adapted into other proposed legislation, including the most recent reconciliation bill released by the Senate in July 2022, which included penalties if drug price benchmarks rise faster than inflation, Medicare price setting for certain drugs paid for under Parts B and D (whereby manufacturers must accept a price established by the government or face penalties on all U.S. sales), and Part D redesign including a cap on beneficiary spending and a new manufacturer discount program. This framework remains in discussion with policymakers in Congress and the Administration. There are other outstanding proposals that, if enacted and implemented, in whole or in part, could also affect access to and sales of our products, including, but not limited to, federal and various state proposals to allow importation of prescription medications from Canada or other countries. See —Changing reimbursement and pricing actions in various states have negatively affected and may continue to negatively affect access to and have affected and may continue to affect sales of our products. In July 2021, the Administration issued an Executive Order designed to address anticompetitive behavior across multiple sectors, and for the healthcare sector, called for, among other things, the FDA to work with states and Indian tribes to develop prescription drug importation programs, more scrutiny of anticompetitive activity by the FTC, emphasized the need for actions to allow for greater competition from generics and biosimilars, and included a process and timeline for federal agencies to deliver to the Administration ideas that address drug pricing. Subsequently, in September 2021, HHS released a report that presented guiding principles for the Administration’s drug pricing proposals, including changes to promote competition throughout the prescription drug industry, highlighting potential legislative policies that Congress could pursue (including drug price negotiation in Medicare Parts B and D, making those negotiated prices available to commercial plans and legislation to speed the entry of biosimilar and generic drugs) and examples of potential administrative tools available to the HHS (including testing various models and enhanced focus of the FTC and the USPTO to address impediments to generic drug and biosimilar competition). Also, in response to the July 2021 Executive Order, the FDA sent a letter to the USPTO describing ways to strengthen coordination between the two agencies, offering training to help identify prior art and seeking USPTO’s views on practices that extend market exclusivities, whether pharmaceutical patent examiners need additional resources, and the effect of post-grant challenges at the PTAB on drug patents. In its reply to the FDA, on July 6, 2022, the USPTO affirmed its interest in coordinating with the FDA and outlined specific initiatives, including enhancing procedures for obtaining patents and easing the process for challenging issued patents before the PTAB.
Legislation enacted in 2021 also contained drug pricing reforms. For example, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act includes a provision requiring manufacturers to provide refunds, beginning in 2023, to the government for discarded amounts of certain drugs (including certain Amgen products) from single use containers under Medicare Part B, and CMS recently released proposed regulations to implement this requirement. Also, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 includes a provision that increases the Medicaid rebate liability, beginning in 2024, by no longer capping Medicaid rebates at 100% of the Average Manufacturer Price for certain medicines that raise prices in excess of inflation. The implementation of a final rule issued by HHS that revises regulations under the federal antikickback statute to encourage PBMs to use rebates received from biopharmaceutical manufacturers to reduce patient cost-sharing at the point of sale under Medicare Part D has been delayed to January 1, 2027. However, the future of this rule remains uncertain because, among other issues, it is subject to litigation and because a permanent repeal is being considered in other legislation.
Our business has been, and is expected to continue to be, affected by changes in U.S. federal reimbursement policy resulting from federal regulations and federal demonstration projects. Over the past several years, federal agencies, including the CMS, announced a number of recommendations, policies, proposals and demonstration projects addressing drug pricing. The Administration has also developed and sought to advance a range of policy proposals that could affect U.S. federal reimbursement policy for drugs and biologics, including changes to Medicare Parts B and D. For example, in 2020, in response to an Executive Order, HHS released a rule to allow states to potentially enable the importation of certain drugs from Canada. This rule is in litigation, but should such litigation be unsuccessful, it could allow for the importation of Canadian versions of certain of Amgen’s products (including Otezla), that could have a material adverse effect on Amgen’s business. Also in response to an Executive Order, CMS released an interim final rule to implement the MFN pricing approach aimed at setting the reimbursement rate for 50 Medicare Part B drugs (including our products, such as Prolia, XGEVA, KYPROLIS, Neulasta, Nplate, EPOGEN and Aranesp) equal to the lowest adjusted price in 22 OECD nations for these drugs. In December 2021, subsequent to challenges, including procedural defects, CMS announced it was withdrawing the MFN rule. Notwithstanding the withdrawal of the rule, the MFN rule’s approach to drug pricing and other similar approaches remain of interest to policymakers. In connection with its withdrawal of the MFN rule, CMS noted that it will “… explore all options to incorporate value into payments for Medicare Part B drugs, improve beneficiaries’ access to evidence-based care, and reduce drug spending for consumers and throughout the health care system.” Further, we expect continued significant focus on healthcare and similar drug pricing proposals for the foreseeable future, including proposals under which the government would set drug prices or limit drug reimbursement. In the second quarter of 2022, several Medicare Administrative Contractors issued notice, in contravention of TEZSPIRE’s FDA approved labeling, that TEZSPIRE would be added to their “self-administered drug” exclusion lists. While the effective date for adding TEZSPIRE to the exclusion list has been deferred until further notice, this exclusion, if implemented, would result in Medicare beneficiaries with severe asthma losing access to TEZSPIRE coverage under Medicare Part B and potentially also under Medicare Advantage.
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CMS policy changes and demonstration projects to test new care, delivery and payment models can also significantly affect how drugs, including our products, are covered and reimbursed. For example, we believe that CMS’s Oncology Care Model demonstration (which has, beginning in 2016, provided participating physician practices with performance-based financial incentives that aim to manage or reduce Medicare costs without negatively affecting the efficacy of care) reduced utilization of certain of our oncology products by participating physician practices. While the Oncology Care Model demonstration ended on June 30, 2022, CMS announced a new oncology model (the Enhancing Oncology Model) that will run for five years (from July 2023 through June 2028) that builds on this prior demonstration program. Further, HHS’s September 2021 comprehensive plan to address drug pricing included potential future mandatory models that link payment for prescription drugs and biologics to factors such as: improved patient outcomes, reductions in health disparities, patient affordability and lower overall costs; bundled payment models; total cost of care models; models in which Medicare Part B savings from utilization of biosimilars, generics, or other high-value products are shared between prescribing providers and the government; additional Medicare Part D cost-sharing support for biosimilars and generics; and potential expansion of the Part D Senior Savings Model to additional classes of drugs. CMS also recently finalized a national Medicare coverage determination for certain Alzheimer’s disease medications that received accelerated FDA approvals that limits coverage to only patients in qualifying clinical trials, thereby suggesting that accelerated regulatory approval does not necessarily result in full Medicare coverage. In this dynamic environment, particularly in light of the pressures on healthcare budgets as a result of the pandemic, we are unable to predict which or how many federal policy, legislative, regulatory, executive or administrative changes may ultimately be, or effectively estimate the consequences to our business if, enacted and implemented. However, to the extent that these or other federal government initiatives further decrease or modify the coverage or reimbursement available for our products, require that we pay increased rebates or shift other costs to us, limit or affect our decisions regarding the pricing of or otherwise reduce the use of our U.S. products, or limit our ability to offer co-pay assistance to commercial patients, such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We also face risks related to the reporting of pricing data that affects reimbursement of and discounts provided for our products. U.S. government price reporting regulations are complex and may require biopharmaceutical manufacturers to update certain previously submitted data. If our submitted pricing data are incorrect, we may become subject to substantial fines and penalties or other government enforcement actions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, as a result of restating previously reported price data, we may be required to pay additional rebates and provide additional discounts. The prior Administration finalized a rule (the implementation of which has been delayed by the current Administration) mandating price and cost-sharing transparency for almost all health plans and insurers in the individual and group commercial markets. Further, the current Administration finalized transparency provisions required under the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 for health plans and insurer reporting of certain drug pricing information by December 27, 2022, and each June thereafter, resulting in a biennial public report highlighting drug pricing trends and the impact of prescription drug costs on premiums and out-of-pocket costs. It is unclear how group health plans and health insurers may respond.
—Changing reimbursement and pricing actions in various states have negatively affected and may continue to negatively affect access to and have affected and may continue to affect sales of our products
At the state level, government actions or ballot initiatives can also affect how our products are covered and reimbursed and/or create additional pressure on our pricing decisions. A number of states have adopted, and many other states are considering, drug importation programs or other new pricing actions, including proposals designed to require biopharmaceutical manufacturers to publicly report proprietary pricing information, limit price increases or place a maximum price ceiling or cap on biopharmaceutical products. Existing and proposed state pricing laws have added complexity to the pricing of drugs and may already be affecting industry pricing decisions. For example, a California law, the constitutionality of which is currently being challenged, purports to require biopharmaceutical manufacturers to notify health insurers and government health plans at least 60 days before scheduled prescription drug price increases that exceed certain thresholds. Similar laws exist in Oregon and Washington. States are also seeking to change the way they pay for drugs for patients covered by state programs. California adopted a 2020–21 budget that incorporates international pricing into Medicaid supplemental rebate negotiations and allows its Medicaid program to seek federal approval to extend supplemental rebates to non-Medicaid populations. New York has established a Medicaid drug spending cap, and Massachusetts implemented a new review and supplemental rebate negotiation process. Other states may consider implementing similar policies and procedures as they face budget deficits from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Colorado, Florida, Maine, New Hampshire, New Mexico and Vermont have enacted laws, and several other states have proposed bills, to implement importation of drugs from Canada. The FDA recently met with representatives from Colorado, Florida, Maine and New Mexico to discuss those states’ proposed importation programs, and the FDA may be working towards approving such plans. Other states could adopt similar approaches or could pursue different policy changes in a continuing effort to reduce their costs. Ultimately, as with U.S. federal government actions, existing or future state government actions or ballot initiatives may also have a material adverse effect on our product sales, business and results of operations.
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—U.S. commercial payer actions have affected and may continue to affect access to and sales of our products
Payers, including healthcare insurers, PBMs, integrated healthcare delivery systems (vertically-integrated organizations built from consolidations of healthcare insurers and PBMs) and group purchasing organizations, increasingly seek ways to reduce their costs. With increasing frequency, payers are adopting benefit plan changes that shift a greater proportion of drug costs to patients. Such measures include more limited benefit plan designs, high deductible plans, higher patient copay or coinsurance obligations and more significant limitations on patients’ use of manufacturer commercial copay assistance programs. Further, government regulation of payers may affect these trends. For example, CMS finalized a policy in May 2020 (for plan years starting on or after January 1, 2021, which remains standing policy for 2022) that has caused commercial payers to more widely adopt copay accumulator adjustment programs. Payers have sought, and continue to seek, price discounts or rebates in connection with the placement of our products on their formularies or those they manage, particularly in treatment areas in which the payer has taken the position that multiple branded products are therapeutically comparable. Payers also control costs by imposing restrictions on access to or usage of our products, such as Step Therapy, or requiring that patients receive the payer’s prior authorization before covering the product or that patients use a mail-order pharmacy or a limited network of payer fully-owned mail-order or specialty pharmacies. Payers have also chosen to exclude certain indications for which our products are approved or chosen to exclude coverage entirely. For example, some payers require physicians to demonstrate or document that the patients for whom Repatha has been prescribed meet payer utilization management criteria, and these requirements have served to limit and may continue to limit patient access to Repatha treatment. In an effort to reduce barriers to access, we reduced the net price of Repatha by providing greater discounts and rebates to payers, including PBMs that administer Medicare Part D prescription drug plans. However, affordability of patient out-of-pocket co-pay cost has limited and may continue to limit patient use. For example, in late 2018 and early 2019, in response to a very high percentage of Medicare patients abandoning their Repatha prescriptions rather than paying their co-pay, we introduced a set of new National Drug Codes to make Repatha available at a lower list price in an attempt to address affordability for patients, particularly those on Medicare, and on December 31, 2019, we discontinued the higher list price option for Repatha. Despite these net and list price reductions, some payers have restricted and may continue to restrict patient access, and have changed and may continue to change formulary coverage for Repatha, and they may seek further discounts or rebates or take other actions that could reduce our sales of Repatha. These factors have served to limit and may continue to limit patient affordability and use, and negatively affect Repatha sales.
Further, significant consolidation in the health insurance industry has resulted in a few large insurers and PBMs, which places greater pressure on pricing and usage negotiations with biopharmaceutical manufacturers, significantly increasing discount and rebate requirements and limiting patient access and usage. For example, in the United States, as of the beginning of 2021, the top five integrated health plans and PBMs controlled about 85% of all pharmacy prescriptions. The consolidation among insurers, PBMs and other payers, including through integrated healthcare delivery systems and/or with specialty or mail-order pharmacies and pharmacy retailers, has increased the negotiating leverage such entities have over us and other biopharmaceutical manufacturers, and has resulted in greater price discounts, rebates and service fees realized by those payers. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, CVS, Express Scripts and United Health Group, respectively, each created Rebate Management Organizations that further increase their respective leverage to negotiate deeper discounts. Ultimately, additional discounts, rebates, fees, coverage changes, plan changes, restrictions or exclusions imposed by these commercial payers could have a material adverse effect on our product sales, business and results of operations. Policy reforms advanced by Congress or the Administration that refine the role of PBMs in the U.S. marketplace could have downstream implications or consequences for our business and how we interact with these entities. For example, on June 7, 2022, the FTC launched an inquiry into the business practices of PBMs, and the results of such inquiry could have an effect on manufacturer interactions with PBMs, resulting in changes to access to certain medicines. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Concentration of sales at certain of our wholesaler distributors and at one free-standing dialysis clinic business and consolidation of private payers may negatively affect our business.
—Government and commercial payer actions outside the United States have affected and will continue to affect access to and sales of our products
Outside the United States, we expect countries will also continue to take actions to reduce their drug expenditures. See Part I, Item 1. Business—Reimbursement of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. IRP has been widely used by many countries outside the United States to control costs based on an external benchmark of a product’s price in other countries. IRP policies can change quickly and frequently and may not reflect differences in the burden of disease, indications, market structures, or affordability differences across countries or regions. Other expenditure control practices, including but not limited to the use of revenue clawbacks, rebates and percentage caps on price increases, are used in various foreign jurisdictions as well. In addition, countries may refuse to reimburse or may restrict the reimbursed population for a product when their national health technology assessments do not consider a medicine to demonstrate sufficient clinical benefit beyond existing therapies or to meet certain cost effectiveness thresholds. For example, despite the EMA’s approval of Repatha for the treatment of patients with established atherosclerotic disease, the reimbursement for Repatha in France prior to
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2020 was limited to a narrower patient population (such as those with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH)) following a national health technology assessment, which had limited our efforts in France to expand Repatha access to the broader patient population covered by the approved label. Some countries decide on reimbursement between potentially competing products through national or regional tenders that often result in one product receiving most or all of the sales in that country or region. Failure to obtain coverage and reimbursement for our products, a deterioration in their existing coverage and reimbursement, or a decline in the timeliness or certainty of payment by payers to physicians and other providers has negatively affected, and may further negatively affect, the ability or willingness of healthcare providers to prescribe our products for their patients and otherwise negatively affect the use of our products or the prices we realize for them. Such changes have had, and could in the future have, a material adverse effect on our product sales, business and results of operations.
The adoption and interpretation of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities could affect our profitability.
We are subject to income and other taxes in the United States and other jurisdictions in which we do business. As a result, our provision for income taxes is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various places we operate. Significant judgment is required for determining our provision for income tax.
One or more of our legal entities file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and certain foreign jurisdictions. Our income tax returns are routinely examined by tax authorities in those jurisdictions. Significant disputes can and have arisen with tax authorities involving issues regarding the timing and amount of deductions, the use of tax credits and allocations of income and expenses among various tax jurisdictions because of differing interpretations of tax laws, regulations and relevant facts, and such tax authorities (including the IRS) are becoming more aggressive in their audits and are particularly focused on such matters. In 2017, we received an RAR and a modified RAR from the IRS for the years 2010–2012, proposing significant adjustments that primarily relate to the allocation of profits between certain of our entities in the United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico. We disagreed with the proposed adjustments and calculations and pursued resolution with the IRS administrative appeals office but were unable to reach resolution. In July 2021, we filed a petition in the U.S. Tax Court to contest two duplicate Notices for the years 2010–2012 that we received in May and July 2021 which seek to increase our U.S. taxable income for the years 2010–2012.
In 2020, we received an RAR and a modified RAR from the IRS for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, also proposing significant adjustments that primarily relate to the allocation of profits between certain of our entities in the United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico similar to those proposed for the years 2010–2012. We disagreed with the proposed adjustments and calculations and pursued resolution with the IRS appeals office but were unable to reach resolution. In July 2022, we filed a petition in the U.S. Tax Court to contest a Notice for the years 2013–2015 that we previously reported receiving in April 2022 that seeks to increase our U.S. taxable income for the years 2013–2015 and asserts penalties.
We firmly believe that the IRS positions set forth in the 2010–2012 and 2013–2015 Notices are without merit. We are contesting the 2010–2012 and 2013–2015 Notices through the judicial process, and we will seek consolidation of the two periods into one case in the U.S. Tax Court.
We are currently also under examination by the IRS for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 with respect to issues similar to those for the 2010 through 2015 period. In addition, we are under examination by a number of state and foreign tax jurisdictions.
Final resolution of these complex matters is not likely within the next 12 months. We continue to believe our accrual for income tax liabilities is appropriate based on past experience, interpretations of tax law, application of the tax law to our facts and judgments about potential actions by tax authorities; however, due to the complexity of the provision for income taxes and uncertain resolution of these matters, the ultimate outcome of any tax matters may result in payments substantially greater than amounts accrued and could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.
See Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations, Income Taxes, and Part I—Note 4, Income taxes, to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Our provision for income taxes and results of operations in the future could be adversely affected by changes to our operating structure, changes in the mix of income and expenses in countries with differing tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in applicable tax laws, regulations or administrative interpretations thereof. The 2017 Tax Act is complex and a large volume of regulations and guidance has been issued and could be subject to different interpretations. We could face audit challenges to our application of the 2017 Tax Act. The Administration proposed and Congress is considering a variety of potentially significant changes to existing tax law. These changes, or others, could substantially increase taxes we pay to the U.S. government. Further, the OECD recently reached an agreement to align countries on a minimum corporate tax rate and an expansion of the taxing rights of market countries. If enacted, either by all OECD participants or unilaterally by individual countries, this agreement could result in tax increases in both the United States and
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foreign jurisdictions.
The U.S. Treasury recently released final foreign tax credit regulations that eliminate U.S. creditability of the Puerto Rico Excise Tax beginning 2023, which would increase our U.S. tax liability. However, the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico recently enacted Act 52-2022, which provides for an alternate fixed tax rate on industrial development income that is expected to be creditable under U.S. law. As part of this new law, eligible businesses would be subject to incremental income and withholding taxes in lieu of payment of the Puerto Rico Excise Tax. In order to qualify for the alternative fixed tax rate, we must amend our current tax grant with the Puerto Rico government by December 31, 2022. Once we qualify for this alternative fixed tax rate, which we expect to occur as of January 1, 2023, our tax expense will increase. While we expect these taxes to be partially offset by U.S. foreign tax credits, the U.S. Treasury has not yet issued guidance on whether the alternative fixed tax rate will be creditable under U.S. law.
Changes to existing tax law in the United States, the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico, or other jurisdictions, including the changes and potential changes discussed above, could result in tax increases where we do business and could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.
Our efforts to collaborate with or acquire other companies, products, or technology, and to integrate the operations of companies or to support the products or technology we have acquired, may not be successful, and may result in unanticipated costs, delays or failures to realize the benefits of the transactions.
We seek innovation through significant investment in both internal R&D and external transactions, including collaborations, partnerships, alliances, licenses, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions (collectively, acquisition activity). Acquisition activities may be subject to regulatory approvals or other requirements that are not within our control. There can be no assurance that such regulatory or other approvals will be obtained or that all closing conditions required in connection with our acquisition activities will be satisfied or waived, which could result in us being unable to complete the planned acquisition activities. In addition, antitrust scrutiny by regulatory agencies and changes to regulatory approval process in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions may cause approvals to take longer than anticipated to obtain, not be obtained at all, or contain burdensome conditions, which may jeopardize, delay or reduce the anticipated benefits of acquisitions to us and could impede the execution of our business strategy.
Acquisition activities are complex, time consuming and expensive and may result in unanticipated costs, delays or other operational or financial problems related to integrating the acquired company and business with our company, which may divert our management’s attention from other business issues and opportunities and restrict the full realization of the anticipated benefits of such transactions within the expected timeframe or at all. We may pay substantial amounts of cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for acquisition activities, which could adversely affect our liquidity or result in dilution to our stockholders, respectively. Further, failures or difficulties in integrating or retaining new personnel or in integrating the operations of the businesses, products or assets we acquire (including related technology, commercial operations, compliance programs, manufacturing, distribution and general business operations and procedures) may affect our ability to realize the benefits of the transaction and grow our business and may result in us incurring asset impairment or restructuring charges. These and other challenges may arise in connection with our proposed acquisition of ChemoCentryx, in addition to our acquisitions of Otezla, Five Prime, Teneobio and/or our collaborations with BeiGene and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., or with other acquisition activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and stock price.
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Item 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we had one outstanding stock repurchase program, under which the repurchase activity was as follows:

Period |  | Total number of shares purchased (1) |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program |  | Maximum dollar value that may yet be purchased under the program
April 1 - 30 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,579,263,848 |
May 1 - 31 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,579,263,848 |
June 1 - 30 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,579,263,848 |
Total |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |

___________
(1) As part of the stock repurchase program, the Company entered into ASR agreements with three third-party financial institutions (Dealers) in February 2022. Under the ASR agreements, the Company made payments in an aggregate amount of $6.0 billion to the Dealers and received and retired an initial 23,258,997 shares of common stock. Approximately $0.9 billion of stock was held back by the Dealers pending final settlement of the ASR agreement, which will be based on the volume-weighted average stock price of the Company’s common stock during the term of the ASR agreements, less a discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the ASR agreements. At settlement, which is scheduled to occur in the third quarter of 2022, the Dealers may be required to deliver additional shares of common stock to the Company, or under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to deliver shares of common stock or to make a cash payment, at its election, to the Dealers.
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Item 6. | EXHIBITS

Reference is made to the Index to Exhibits included herein.
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Description
2.1 |  | Asset Purchase Agreement, dated August 25, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and Celgene Corporation. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on August 26, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.)
2.2 |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated October 17, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and Celgene Corporation. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on October 17, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.)
2.3 |  | Amendment No. 2 to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated October 17, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and Celgene Corporation. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
2.4 |  | Letter Agreement, dated November 21, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and the parties named therein re: Treatment of Certain Product Inventory in connection with Amgen’s acquisition of Otezla. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
2.5 |  | Irrevocable Guarantee, dated August 25, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on August 26, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.)
2.6 |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 27, 2021, by and among Amgen Inc., Teneobio, Inc., Tuxedo Merger Sub, Inc., and Fortis Advisors LLC. (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) is the type of information that the Company treats as private or confidential)(Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 on November 3, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.1 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Amgen Inc. (As Restated March 6, 2013.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 on May 3, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Amgen Inc. (As Amended and Restated February 15, 2016.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on February 17, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.1 |  | Form of stock certificate for the common stock, par value $.0001 of the Company. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1997 on May 14, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.2 |  | Form of Indenture, dated January 1, 1992. (Filed as an exhibit to Form S-3 Registration Statement filed on December 19, 1991 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.3 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance dated February 15, 2008. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 on February 28, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.4 |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated February 26, 1997. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on March 14, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.5 |  | 8-1/8% Debentures due April 1, 2097. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on April 8, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.6 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated April 8, 1997, establishing a series of securities entitled “8 1/8% Debentures due April 1, 2097.” (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on April 8, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.7 |  | Indenture, dated August 4, 2003. (Filed as an exhibit to Form S-3 Registration Statement on August 4, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.8 |  | Corporate Commercial Paper - Master Note between and among Amgen Inc., as Issuer, Cede & Co., as Nominee of The Depository Trust Company, and Citibank, N.A., as Paying Agent. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998 on May 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.9 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated May 30, 2007, including form of the Company’s 6.375% Senior Notes due 2037. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on May 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.10 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated May 23, 2008, including form of the Company’s 6.90% Senior Notes due 2038. (Filed as exhibit to Form 8-K on May 23, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.11 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated January 16, 2009, including form of the Company’s 6.40% Senior Notes due 2039. (Filed as exhibit to Form 8-K on January 16, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.)

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Exhibit No. |  | Description
4.12 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated March 12, 2010, including form of the Company’s 5.75% Senior Notes due 2040. (Filed as exhibit to Form 8-K on March 12, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.13 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated September 16, 2010, including form of the Company’s 4.95% Senior Notes due 2041. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on September 17, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.14 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated June 30, 2011, including form of the Company’s 5.65% Senior Notes due 2042. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on June 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.15 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated November 10, 2011, including form of the Company’s 5.15% Senior Notes due 2041. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on November 10, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.16 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated December 5, 2011, including form of the Company’s 5.50% Senior Notes due 2026. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on December 5, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.17 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated May 15, 2012, including form of the Company’s 5.375% Senior Notes due 2043. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on May 15, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.18 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated September 13, 2012, including form of the Company’s 4.000% Senior Notes due 2029. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on September 13, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.19 |  | Indenture, dated May 22, 2014, between Amgen Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on May 22, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.20 |  | Officers’ Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated May 22, 2014, including form of the Company’s 3.625% Senior Notes due 2024. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on May 22, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.21 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated May 1, 2015, including forms of the Company’s 3.125% Senior Notes due 2025 and 4.400% Senior Notes due 2045. (Filed as an exhibit on Form 8-K on May 1, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.22 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of February 25, 2016, including form of the Company’s 2.000% Senior Notes due 2026. (Filed as an exhibit on Form 8-K on February 26, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.23 |  | Form of Permanent Global Certificate for the Company’s 0.410% bonds due 2023. (Filed as an exhibit on Form 8-K on March 8, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.24 |  | Terms of the Bonds for the Company’s 0.410% bonds due 2023. (Filed as an exhibit on Form 8-K on March 8, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.25 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of June 14, 2016, including forms of the Company’s 4.563% Senior Notes due 2048 and 4.663% Senior Notes due 2051. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on June 14, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.26 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of August 19, 2016, including forms of the Company’s 2.250% Senior Notes due 2023 and 2.600% Senior Notes due 2026. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on August 19, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.27 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of November 2, 2017, including in the form of the Company’s 3.200% Senior Notes due 2027. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on November 2, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.28 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of February 21, 2020, including forms of the Company’s 1.900% Senior Notes due 2025, 2.200% Senior Notes due 2027, 2.450% Senior Notes due 2030, 3.150% Senior Notes due 2040 and 3.375% Senior Notes due 2050. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on February 21, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.29 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of May 6, 2020, including form of the Company’s 2.300% Senior Notes due 2031. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on May 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)

52

Exhibit No. |  | Description
4.30 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of August 17, 2020, including forms of the Company’s 2.770% Senior Notes due 2053. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on August 18, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.31 |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 17, 2020, by and among Amgen Inc., BofA Securities, Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as lead dealer managers, and BNP Paribas Securities Corp., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Blaylock Van, LLC and Siebert Williams Shank & Co., LLC, as co-dealer managers. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on August 18, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.32 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of August 9, 2021, including forms of the Company’s 1.650% Senior Notes due 2028, 2.000% Senior Notes due 2032, 2.800% Senior Notes due 2041 and 3.000% Senior Notes due 2052. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on August 9, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.33 |  | Officer’s Certificate of Amgen Inc., dated as of February 22, 2022, including forms of the Company’s 3.000% Senior Notes due 2029, 3.350% Senior Notes due 2032, 4.200% Senior Notes due 2052 and 4.400% Senior Notes due 2062. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on February 22, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.1+ |  | Amgen Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. (Filed as Appendix C to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A on April 8, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.2+ |  | First Amendment to Amgen Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, effective March 4, 2015. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 on April 27, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.3+ |  | Second Amendment to Amgen Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, effective March 2, 2016. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 on May 2, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.4+ |  | Form of Grant of Stock Option Agreement for the Amgen Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. (As Amended and Restated on December 2, 2021.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 on February 16, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.5+ |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for the Amgen Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. (As Amended and Restated on December 2, 2021.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 on February 16, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.6+ |  | Amgen Inc. 2009 Performance Award Program. (As Amended on December 12, 2017.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 on February 13, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.7+ |  | Form of Performance Unit Agreement for the Amgen Inc. 2009 Performance Award Program. (As Amended and Restated on December 2, 2021.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 on February 16, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.8+ |  | Amgen Inc. 2009 Director Equity Incentive Program. (As Amended and Restated on October 21, 2020.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 on February 9, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.9+ |  | Form of Grant of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for the Amgen Inc. 2009 Director Equity Incentive Program. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on May 8, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.10+ |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for the Amgen Inc. 2009 Director Equity Incentive Program. (As Amended on December 11, 2019.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.11+ |  | Form of Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for the Amgen 2009 Director Equity Incentive Program. (As Amended on December 11, 2019.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.12+ |  | Amgen Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan. (As Amended and Restated effective October 16, 2013.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 on February 24, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.13+ |  | First Amendment to the Amgen Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan, effective October 14, 2016. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 on October 28, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)

53

Exhibit No. |  | Description
10.14+ |  | Second Amendment to the Amgen Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan, effective October 23, 2019). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.15+ |  | Third Amendment to the Amgen Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan, effective October 20, 2021. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 on February 16, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.16+ |  | Amended and Restated Amgen Change of Control Severance Plan. (As Amended and Restated effective December 9, 2010 and subsequently amended effective March 2, 2011.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 on May 10, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.17+ |  | Amgen Inc. Executive Incentive Plan. (As Amended and Restated effective January 1, 2022.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 on April 28, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.18+ |  | Amgen Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan. (As Amended and Restated effective October 16, 2013.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 on February 24, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.19+ |  | First Amendment to the Amgen Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, effective October 14, 2016. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 on October 28, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.20+ |  | Second Amendment to the Amgen Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2020. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.21+ |  | Third Amendment to the Amgen Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2022. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 on February 16, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.22+ |  | Agreement between Amgen Inc. and Peter Griffith, dated October 18, 2019. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 on May 1, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.23+ |  | Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement, dated December 3, 2021, by and between Amgen Inc. and Robert A. Bradway. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 on February 16, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.24 |  | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 12, 2019, among Amgen Inc., the Banks therein named, Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as syndication agent. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on December 12, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.25 |  | Collaboration and License Agreement between Amgen Inc. and Celltech R&D Limited dated May 10, 2002 (portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment) and Amendment No. 1, effective June 9, 2003, to Collaboration and License Agreement between Amgen Inc. and Celltech R&D Limited (portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2012 on July 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.26 |  | Amendment No. 2 to Collaboration and License Agreement, effective November 14, 2016, between Amgen Inc. and Celltech R&D Limited (portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 on February 14, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.27 |  | Letter Agreement, dated June 25, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and UCB Celltech (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 on July 31, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.28 |  | Collaboration Agreement, dated April 22, 1994, by and between Bayer Corporation (formerly Miles, Inc.) and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 by Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on May 10, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.29 |  | Amendment to Collaboration Agreement, dated April 24, 1996, by and between Bayer Corporation and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 by Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on May 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.)

54

Exhibit No. |  | Description
10.30 |  | Amendment to Collaboration Agreement, dated February 1, 1999, by and between Bayer Corporation and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 by Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on May 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.31 |  | Settlement Agreement and Release, dated October 11, 2011, by and between Bayer Corporation, Bayer AG, Bayer HealthCare LLC and Bayer Pharma AG and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 by Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on February 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.32 |  | Fourth Amendment to Collaboration Agreement, dated October 11, 2011, by and between Bayer Corporation and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 by Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on February 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.33 |  | Side Letter Regarding Collaboration Agreement, dated May 29, 2015, by and between Bayer HealthCare LLC and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 on August 5, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.34 |  | Side Letter Regarding Collaboration Agreement and Stivarga Agreement, dated February 13, 2020, by and between Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Bayer HealthCare LLC. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 on May 1, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.35 |  | Sourcing and Supply Agreement, dated January 6, 2017, by and between Amgen USA Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc., and DaVita Inc. (portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 on April 27, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.36 |  | Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement, dated August 28, 2015, by and between Amgen Inc. and Novartis Pharma AG (portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 on July 26, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.37 |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement, dated April 21, 2017, by and between Amgen Inc. and Novartis Pharma AG (portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 on July 26, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.38 |  | Amendment No. 2 to the Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement, dated April 21, 2017, by and between Amgen Inc. and Novartis Pharma AG (portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 on July 26, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.39 |  | Amendment No. 3 to the Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement, dated January 31, 2022, by and between Amgen Inc. and Novartis Pharma AG (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) is the type of information that the Company treats as private or confidential). (Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K on January 31, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.40 |  | Collaboration Agreement, dated October 31, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and BeiGene Switzerland GmbH, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BeiGene, Ltd. (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.41* |  | First Amendment to Collaboration Agreement, dated April 20, 2022, by and between Amgen Inc. and BeiGene Switzerland GmbH, and BeiGene, Ltd. (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) is the type of information that the Company treats as private or confidential.)
10.42 |  | Guarantee, dated as of October 31, 2019, made by and among BeiGene, Ltd. and Amgen Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.43 |  | Share Purchase Agreement, dated October 31, 2019, by and between Amgen Inc. and BeiGene, Ltd. (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed). (Filed as an exhibit to Schedule 13D on January 8, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.44 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 6, 2019, by and among BeiGene, Ltd. and Amgen Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Schedule 13D on January 8, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)

55

Exhibit No. |  | Description
10.45 |  | Restated Amendment No. 2 to Share Purchase Agreement, dated September 24, 2020, by and among BeiGene, Ltd. and Amgen Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 on October 29, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.46* |  | Collaboration Agreement dated March 30, 2012 by and between Amgen Inc. and AstraZeneca Collaboration Ventures, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) is the type of information that the Company treats as private or confidential.)
10.47* |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Collaboration Agreement, dated October 1, 2014, by and among Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca Collaboration Ventures, LLC and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) is the type of information that the Company treats as private or confidential.)
10.48 |  | Amendment Nos. 2 through 6 to the March 30, 2012 Collaboration Agreement between Amgen Inc. and AstraZeneca Collaboration Ventures, LLC, dated May 2 and 27 and October 2, 2016, January 31, 2018, and May 15, 2020, respectively (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 on July 29, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.49 |  | Amendment No. 7 to the Collaboration Agreement, dated December 17, 2020, by and between Amgen Inc. and AstraZeneca Collaboration Ventures, LLC (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.) (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 on February 9, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.50 |  | Amendment No. 8 to the Collaboration Agreement, dated November 19, 2021, by and between Amgen Inc. and AstraZeneca Collaboration Ventures, LLC (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) is the type of information that the Company treats as private or confidential.)(Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 on February 16, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.51 |  | License and Collaboration Agreement, dated June 1, 2021, by and between Amgen Inc. and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed). (Filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 on August 4, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.52 |  | Form of ASR Agreement. (Filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K on February 24, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.)
31* |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications.
32** |  | Section 1350 Certifications.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

____________________________
(* = filed herewith)
(** = furnished herewith and not “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended)
(+ = management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement)
56

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Amgen Inc.
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | August 4, 2022 | By: |  | /S/ PETER H. GRIFFITH
|  |  |  | Peter H. Griffith
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

57