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Investments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Available-for-sale investments The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair values of interest-bearing securities, which are considered available-for-sale, by type of security were as follows (in millions):
Types of securities as of December 31, 2023 |  | Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair values
U.S. Treasury bills |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Money market mutual funds |  | 10,266 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,266 |
Other short-term interest-bearing securities |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |
Total available-for-sale investments |  | $ | 10,404 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,404 |
Types of securities as of December 31, 2022 |  | Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair values
U.S. Treasury bills |  | $ | 1,676 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,676 |
Money market mutual funds |  | 2,659 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,659 |
Other short-term interest-bearing securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale investments |  | $ | 4,335 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,335 |
The fair values of available-for-sale investments by location in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in millions):
|  | December 31,
Consolidated Balance Sheets locations |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,404 |  |  | $ | 2,659 |
Marketable securities |  | — |  |  | 1,676 |
Total available-for-sale investments |  | $ | 10,404 |  |  | $ | 4,335 |
Cash and cash equivalents in the above table excludes bank account cash of $540 million and $4,970 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. All interest-bearing securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, mature in one year or less. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, interest income on these investments were $1.2 billion, $127 million and $11 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, realized gains and losses on interest-bearing securities were not material. Realized gains and losses on interest-bearing securities are recorded in Other income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. The primary objective of our investment portfolio is to maintain safety of principal, prudent levels of liquidity and acceptable levels of risk. Our investment policy limits interest-bearing security investments to certain types of debt and money market instruments issued by institutions with investment-grade credit ratings, and it places restrictions on maturities and concentration by asset class and issuer. Equity securities BeiGene, Ltd. On January 2, 2020, we acquired a 20.5% ownership interest in BeiGene for $2.8 billion, of which $2.6 billion was attributed to the fair value of equity securities upon closing, with the remainder attributed to prepaid R&D. Our equity investment in BeiGene is included in Other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of equity securities acquired exceeded our proportionate share of the carrying value of BeiGene’s underlying net assets by $2.4 billion, and we began amortizing the intangible assets that gave rise to this basis difference over their useful lives. Effective January 30, 2023, we relinquished our right to appoint a director to BeiGene’s Board of Directors. We no longer have the ability to exert significant influence over BeiGene. As a result, in the first quarter of 2023, we began to account for our ownership interest as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Other income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 18, Fair value measurement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized an unrealized gain of $1.2 billion recorded in Other income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying and fair value of our investment in BeiGene was $3.4 billion and was included in Other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, under the equity method of accounting, the carrying value of the investment was reduced by our share of BeiGene’s net losses of $394 million and $265 million, respectively, and amortization of the basis difference of $190 million and $172 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we increased the carrying value by $50 million as a result of our purchase of additional shares of BeiGene; we did not purchase additional shares of BeiGene during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the carrying value increased by $11 million and $265 million, respectively, from the impact of other BeiGene ownership transactions. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying and fair values of our investment in BeiGene were $2.2 billion and $4.2 billion, respectively, and our ownership percentage was 18.2%. For information on a collaboration agreement we entered into with BeiGene in connection with this investment, see Note 9, Collaborations. Other equity securities Excluding our equity investments in BeiGene and Neumora (discussed below), we held investments in other equity securities with readily determinable fair values (publicly traded securities) of $494 million and $480 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included in Other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, net unrealized gains and losses on publicly traded securities were a net gain of $98 million, a net loss of $165 million and a net gain of $161 million, respectively. Realized gains and losses on publicly traded securities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were not material. We held investments of $309 million and $233 million in equity securities without readily determinable fair values as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included in Other noncurrent ass ets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, gains due to upward adjustments and gains realized upon dispositions of these securities were not material. For the year ended December 31, 2021, gains due to upward adjustments were $152 million, and gains realized on the dispositions of these securities were $41 million. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, downward adjustments were not material. For the year ended December 31, 2022, downward adjustments to the carrying values of these securities were $67 million. Adjustments were based on observable price transactions. Equity Method Investments Neumora Therapeutics, Inc. On September 30, 2021, we acquired an approximately 25.9% ownership interest in Neumora, a then privately held company, for $257 million, which is included in Other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, in exchange for a $100 million cash payment and $157 million in noncash consideration primarily related to future services. During the third quarter of 2023, we made an additional $30 million equity investment in Neumora in connection with their initial public stock offering, and consequently, our investment now has a readily determinable fair value. Although our equity investment provides us with the ability to exercise significant influence over Neumora and therefore qualifies us for the equity method of accounting, we have elected the fair value option to account for our investment. Under the fair value option, changes in the fair value of the investment are recognized through earnings in Other income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income each reporting period. We believe the fair value option best reflects the economics of the underlying transaction. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our ownership interests in Neumora were approximately 23.2% and 24.9%, respectively, and the fair values of our investment were $603 million and $335 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized gains of $238 million and $105 million and a loss of $37 million, respectively, for the change in fair values in Other income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For information on determination of fair values, see Note 18, Fair value measurement. Limited partnerships We held limited partnership investments of $251 million and $249 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included in Other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments, which are primarily investment funds of early-stage biotechnology companies, are accounted for by using the equity method of accounting and are measured by using our proportionate share of the net asset values of the underlying investments held by the limited partnerships as a practical expedient. These investments are typically redeemable only through distributions upon liquidation of the underlying assets. As of December 31, 2023, unfunded additional commitments to be made for these investments during the next several years were $159 million. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, net gains and losses recognized from our limited partnership investments were net losses of $14 million and $284 million and a net gain of $143 million, respectively.

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