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Property, plant and equipment
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (dollar amounts in millions):
December 31,
Useful life (in years)20232022
Land—$339 $292 
Buildings and improvements
10-40
4,507 4,201 
Manufacturing equipment
8-12
3,220 3,105 
Laboratory equipment
8-12
1,346 1,277 
Fixed equipment122,526 2,478 
Capitalized software
3-5
1,320 1,215 
Other
5-10
941 929 
Construction in progress—1,550 1,213 
Property, plant and equipment, gross15,749 14,710 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(9,808)(9,283)
Property, plant and equipment, net$5,941 $5,427 
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized depreciation and amortization expense associated with our property, plant and equipment of $685 million, $661 million and $644 million, respectively.
Geographic information
Certain geographic information with respect to property, plant and equipment, net (long-lived assets), was as follows (in millions):
 December 31,
 20232022
U.S.$3,658 $3,154 
Puerto Rico1,148 1,247 
ROW1,135 1,026 
Total property, plant and equipment, net$5,941 $5,427