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Goodwill and other intangible assets | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in millions):
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | 18,637 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 39 |
Balance at September 30, 2025 | $ | 18,676 |
Other intangible assets Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):
| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| Gross carrying amounts |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Other intangible assets, net |  | Gross carrying amounts |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Other intangible assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Developed-product-technology rights | $ | 47,803 |  |  | $ | (25,884) |  |  | $ | 21,919 |  |  | $ | 48,611 |  |  | $ | (22,594) |  |  | $ | 26,017 |
Licensing rights | 3,875 |  |  | (3,490) |  |  | 385 |  |  | 3,875 |  |  | (3,392) |  |  | 483 |
Research and development technology rights | 1,421 |  |  | (1,296) |  |  | 125 |  |  | 1,374 |  |  | (1,235) |  |  | 139 |
Marketing-related rights | 1,202 |  |  | (1,202) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | (1,202) |  |  | — |
Total finite-lived intangible assets | 54,301 |  |  | (31,872) |  |  | 22,429 |  |  | 55,062 |  |  | (28,423) |  |  | 26,639 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In-process research and development | 710 |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,060 |
Total other intangible assets | $ | 55,011 |  |  | $ | (31,872) |  |  | $ | 23,139 |  |  | $ | 56,122 |  |  | $ | (28,423) |  |  | $ | 27,699 |
Developed-product-technology rights consists of rights related to marketed products acquired in business acquisitions. Licensing rights primarily consists of contractual rights to receive future milestone, royalty and profit-sharing payments; capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products; and upfront payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. R&D technology rights pertains to technologies used in R&D that have alternative future uses. Marketing-related rights primarily consists of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. In January 2025, as part of the IRA, the Company’s product Otezla was selected by CMS for Medicare price setting that will be applicable beginning on January 1, 2027. The earlier than anticipated selection resulted in a decrease in the estimated future cash flows for the product in the United States. This selection represented a triggering event that required the Company to evaluate the underlying developed-product-technology rights for impairment. In the first quarter of 2025, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow analysis based on Level 3 inputs, including estimated product sales, operating expenses and a discount rate, that resulted in an intangible asset fair value of $4.0 billion, which was lower than the carrying value of $4.8 billion, and a partial impairment of $800 million. In the third quarter of 2025, new facts and circumstances, primarily from the CMS price setting process, indicated a further triggering event that required the Company to evaluate the underlying developed-product-technology rights for impairment. A subsequent discounted cash flow analysis, prepared using the same Level 3 input framework and updated assumptions, resulted in a revised intangible asset fair value of $3.0 billion, which was lower than the carrying value of $3.4 billion, and an additional impairment of $400 million. The impairment charges of $400 million and $1.2 billion for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, were recorded in Other operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 11, Fair value measurement. IPR&D consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval. During the second quarter of 2025, the FDA approved UPLIZNA for the Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) indication, and commercialization commenced in the United States. As a result, the Company reclassified the related intangible asset with a gross carrying value of $350 million from IPR&D to developed-product-technology rights and began amortizing it on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of approximately 11 years from the date placed in service. During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recognized amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets of $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recognized amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets of $3.4 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is primarily included in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. As of September 30, 2025, the total estimated future amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining three months ending December 31, 2025, and the years ending December 31, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029 and 2030, was $0.9 billion, $3.6 billion, $3.5 billion, $2.8 billion, $2.3 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-30/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-20/tableOfContent + Details
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