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Investments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Debt and Equity Securities Reconciliation
The following tables present the composition of our investment portfolio by major security type. Our securities are reported in our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The changes in fair value for our fixed-maturity securities (other than hybrid securities) are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income taxes, in our consolidated
balance sheets. The net holding period gains (losses) reported below represent the inception-to-date changes in fair value for the hybrid and equity securities. The changes in the net holding period gains (losses) between periods are recorded as a component of net realized gains (losses) on securities in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
($ in millions)CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Net
Holding
Period
Gains
(Losses)
Fair
Value
% of
Total
Fair
Value
September 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government obligations$36,392.2 $$(2,098.4)$$34,293.8 55.4 %
State and local government obligations2,257.6 (203.3)2,054.3 3.3 
Foreign government obligations16.9 (1.5)15.4 0.1 
Corporate debt securities10,880.8 1.3 (591.8)(36.1)10,254.2 16.6 
Residential mortgage-backed securities530.4 0.2 (13.0)(1.8)515.8 0.8 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities4,699.5 2.1 (723.9)3,977.7 6.4 
Other asset-backed securities5,524.2 0.1 (210.1)(0.6)5,313.6 8.6 
Redeemable preferred stocks189.0 (4.3)(17.6)167.1 0.3 
Total fixed maturities60,490.6 3.7 (3,846.3)(56.1)56,591.9 91.5 
Short-term investments1,795.2 1,795.2 2.9 
Total available-for-sale securities62,285.8 3.7 (3,846.3)(56.1)58,387.1 94.4 
Equity securities:
Nonredeemable preferred stocks976.9 (108.0)868.9 1.4 
Common equities662.6 1,951.9 2,614.5 4.2 
Total equity securities1,639.5 1,843.9 3,483.4 5.6 
Total portfolio1
$63,925.3 $3.7 $(3,846.3)$1,787.8 $61,870.5 100.0 %
($ in millions)CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Net
Holding
Period
Gains
(Losses)
Fair
Value
% of
Total
Fair
Value
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government obligations$24,260.9 $$(1,855.4)$$22,405.5 42.8 %
State and local government obligations2,140.9 (215.4)1,925.5 3.7 
Foreign government obligations16.7 (1.4)15.3 0.1 
Corporate debt securities10,119.8 (832.5)(58.9)9,228.4 17.6 
Residential mortgage-backed securities754.2 0.4 (16.5)(15.1)723.0 1.4 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities5,833.9 1.4 (747.4)5,087.9 9.7 
Other asset-backed securities4,876.7 (268.9)(1.9)4,605.9 8.8 
Redeemable preferred stocks202.6 (5.6)(15.4)181.6 0.3 
Total fixed maturities48,205.7 1.8 (3,943.1)(91.3)44,173.1 84.4 
Short-term investments4,237.6 4,237.6 8.1 
Total available-for-sale securities52,443.3 1.8 (3,943.1)(91.3)48,410.7 92.5 
Equity securities:
Nonredeemable preferred stocks1,417.6 (163.2)1,254.4 2.4 
Common equities803.7 1,861.6 2,665.3 5.1 
Total equity securities2,221.3 1,698.4 3,919.7 7.5 
Total portfolio1
$54,664.6 $1.8 $(3,943.1)$1,607.1 $52,330.4 100.0 %


($ in millions)CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Net
Holding
Period
Gains
(Losses)
Fair
Value
% of
Total
Fair
Value
December 31, 2022
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government obligations$26,770.7 $1.4 $(1,604.7)$$25,167.4 47.0 %
State and local government obligations2,180.0 (202.9)1,977.1 3.7 
Foreign government obligations16.8 (1.3)15.5 0.1 
Corporate debt securities10,125.8 9.8 (676.1)(46.8)9,412.7 17.6 
Residential mortgage-backed securities696.1 0.3 (17.5)(12.1)666.8 1.2 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities5,446.0 1.5 (784.0)4,663.5 8.7 
Other asset-backed securities4,826.0 0.9 (260.5)(1.8)4,564.6 8.5 
Redeemable preferred stocks202.6 (4.5)(13.8)184.3 0.3 
Total fixed maturities50,264.0 13.9 (3,551.5)(74.5)46,651.9 87.1 
Short-term investments2,861.7 2,861.7 5.4 
Total available-for-sale securities53,125.7 13.9 (3,551.5)(74.5)49,513.6 92.5 
Equity securities:
Nonredeemable preferred stocks1,364.2 (151.0)1,213.2 2.3 
Common equities826.1 1,995.4 2,821.5 5.2 
Total equity securities2,190.3 1,844.4 4,034.7 7.5 
Total portfolio1
$55,316.0 $13.9 $(3,551.5)$1,769.9 $53,548.3 100.0 %
1 At September 30, 2023 and 2022, we had $167.3 million and $74.7 million, respectively, of net unsettled security purchase transactions included in other liabilities, compared to $34.4 million included in other assets at December 31, 2022.
The total fair value of the portfolio at September 30, 2023 and 2022, and December 31, 2022, included $4.1 billion, $4.2 billion, and $4.4 billion, respectively, of securities held in a consolidated, non-insurance subsidiary of the holding company, net of unsettled security transactions.
Hybrid Instruments Table Certain securities in our fixed-maturity portfolio are accounted for as hybrid securities because they contain embedded derivatives that are not deemed to be clearly and closely related to the host investments. These securities are reported at fair value:
 September 30,
(millions)20232022Dec. 31, 2022
Fixed Maturities:
Corporate debt securities$511.1 $500.4 $535.4 
Residential mortgage-backed securities410.8 550.8 509.6 
Other asset-backed securities19.4 51.4 42.0 
Redeemable preferred stocks136.4 133.0 134.7 
Total hybrid securities$1,077.7 $1,235.6 $1,221.7 
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date The composition of fixed maturities by maturity at September 30, 2023, was:
(millions)CostFair Value
Less than one year$9,639.9 $9,387.8 
One to five years37,572.4 35,419.0 
Five to ten years13,197.7 11,710.3 
Ten years or greater80.6 74.8 
Total$60,490.6 $56,591.9 
Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments The following tables show the composition of gross unrealized losses by major security type and by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
 Total No. of Sec.Total
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Less than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
($ in millions)No. of Sec.Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
No. of Sec.Fair
 Value
Unrealized
Losses
September 30, 2023
U.S. government obligations173 $34,293.8 $(2,098.4)37 $16,686.2 $(557.6)136 $17,607.6 $(1,540.8)
State and local government obligations356 2,033.9 (203.3)46 359.6 (7.6)310 1,674.3 (195.7)
Foreign government obligations15.4 (1.5)15.4 (1.5)
Corporate debt securities467 9,490.0 (591.8)164 3,380.4 (94.1)303 6,109.6 (497.7)
Residential mortgage-backed securities40 99.9 (13.0)0.4 38 99.5 (13.0)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities196 3,960.8 (723.9)196 3,960.8 (723.9)
Other asset-backed securities295 5,001.8 (210.1)104 2,056.9 (8.8)191 2,944.9 (201.3)
Redeemable preferred stocks30.6 (4.3)30.6 (4.3)
Total fixed maturities1,531 $54,926.2 $(3,846.3)353 $22,483.5 $(668.1)1,178 $32,442.7 $(3,178.2)

 Total No. of Sec.Total
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Less than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
($ in millions)No. of Sec.Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
No. of Sec.Fair
 Value
Unrealized
Losses
September 30, 2022
U.S. government obligations157 $22,385.4 $(1,855.4)103 $16,085.8 $(1,095.6)54 $6,299.6 $(759.8)
State and local government obligations353 1,911.0 (215.4)292 1,363.1 (129.8)61 547.9 (85.6)
Foreign government obligations15.3 (1.4)15.3 (1.4)
Corporate debt securities452 8,885.6 (832.5)391 7,875.5 (699.0)61 1,010.1 (133.5)
Residential mortgage-backed securities44 165.1 (16.5)34 126.0 (11.8)10 39.1 (4.7)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities234 5,074.3 (747.4)182 3,856.0 (425.4)52 1,218.3 (322.0)
Other asset-backed securities277 4,544.8 (268.9)217 3,597.1 (183.4)60 947.7 (85.5)
Redeemable preferred stocks48.6 (5.6)37.7 (4.0)10.9 (1.6)
Total fixed maturities1,522 $43,030.1 $(3,943.1)1,223 $32,956.5 $(2,550.4)299 $10,073.6 $(1,392.7)

 Total No. of Sec.Total
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Less than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
($ in millions)No. of Sec.Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
No. of Sec.Fair
 Value
Unrealized
Losses
December 31, 2022
U.S. government obligations160 $24,802.5 $(1,604.7)90 $17,327.2 $(699.2)70 $7,475.3 $(905.5)
State and local government obligations348 1,948.8 (202.9)239 1,124.2 (76.8)109 824.6 (126.1)
Foreign government obligations15.5 (1.3)15.5 (1.3)
Corporate debt securities422 8,449.6 (676.1)285 5,717.6 (426.1)137 2,732.0 (250.0)
Residential mortgage-backed securities45 151.0 (17.5)27 65.1 (6.8)18 85.9 (10.7)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities226 4,651.1 (784.0)99 1,702.0 (192.1)127 2,949.1 (591.9)
Other asset-backed securities262 4,247.8 (260.5)130 2,144.8 (100.9)132 2,103.0 (159.6)
Redeemable preferred stocks49.6 (4.5)38.5 (3.1)11.1 (1.4)
Total fixed maturities1,468 $44,315.9 $(3,551.5)873 $28,119.4 $(1,505.0)595 $16,196.5 $(2,046.5)
Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments The components of net realized gains (losses) for the three and nine months ended September 30, were:
 Three MonthsNine Months
(millions)2023202220232022
Gross realized gains on security sales
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government obligations$0.2 $$4.2 $4.6 
Corporate debt securities0.7 0.3 0.8 6.8 
Residential mortgage-backed securities0.7 
Other asset-backed securities0.1 
Total available-for-sale securities0.9 0.3 5.0 12.2 
Equity securities:
Nonredeemable preferred stocks0.1 0.3 17.6 
Common equities0.3 1.4 354.2 832.5 
Total equity securities0.3 1.5 354.5 850.1 
Subtotal gross realized gains on security sales1.2 1.8 359.5 862.3 
Gross realized losses on security sales
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government obligations(14.6)(27.2)(233.5)
State and local government obligations(1.0)
Corporate debt securities(19.1)(14.0)(69.3)(51.8)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities(20.6)(44.8)(100.6)(58.6)
Other asset-backed securities(5.2)(5.6)(2.1)
Short-term investments(0.4)(0.3)
Total available-for-sale securities(59.5)(58.8)(203.1)(347.3)
Equity securities:
Nonredeemable preferred stocks(7.4)(5.1)(117.6)(7.0)
Common equities(8.9)(21.8)(78.0)
Total equity securities(16.3)(5.1)(139.4)(85.0)
Subtotal gross realized losses on security sales(75.8)(63.9)(342.5)(432.3)
Net realized gains (losses) on security sales
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government obligations(14.4)(23.0)(228.9)
State and local government obligations(1.0)
Corporate debt securities(18.4)(13.7)(68.5)(45.0)
Residential mortgage-backed securities0.7 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities(20.6)(44.8)(100.6)(58.6)
Other asset-backed securities(5.2)(5.6)(2.0)
Short-term investments(0.4)(0.3)
Total available-for-sale securities(58.6)(58.5)(198.1)(335.1)
Equity securities:
Nonredeemable preferred stocks(7.4)(5.0)(117.3)10.6 
Common equities(8.6)1.4 332.4 754.5 
Total equity securities(16.0)(3.6)215.1 765.1 
Subtotal net realized gains (losses) on security sales(74.6)(62.1)17.0 430.0 
Other assets
Gain8.4 21.6 
Impairment(2.3)(2.2)(6.8)(6.5)
Subtotal net realized gains (losses) on other assets6.1 (2.2)14.8 (6.5)
Net holding period gains (losses)
Hybrid securities(0.3)(11.4)18.4 (98.8)
Equity securities(80.2)(140.7)(0.5)(2,164.1)
Subtotal net holding period gains (losses)(80.5)(152.1)17.9 (2,262.9)
Total net realized gains (losses) on securities$(149.0)$(216.4)$49.7 $(1,839.4)
Components of Equity Realized Gains (Losses)
The following table reflects our holding period realized gains (losses) recognized on equity securities held at the respective periods ended September 30:
Three MonthsNine Months
(millions)2023202220232022
Total net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities$(96.2)$(144.3)$214.6 $(1,399.0)
Less: Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities sold during the period(16.0)(3.6)215.1 765.1 
Net holding period gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities held at period end$(80.2)$(140.7)$(0.5)$(2,164.1)
Components of Net Investment Income The components of net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, were: 
Three MonthsNine Months
(millions)2023202220232022
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government obligations$237.0 $86.1 $591.7 $205.4 
State and local government obligations12.3 9.8 34.5 29.3 
Foreign government obligations0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 
Corporate debt securities94.8 71.8 261.9 215.4 
Residential mortgage-backed securities7.6 8.8 22.6 23.2 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities48.7 48.3 147.9 138.1 
Other asset-backed securities62.9 52.1 173.0 116.5 
Redeemable preferred stocks2.6 3.0 8.2 8.5 
Total fixed maturities466.0 280.0 1,240.0 736.6 
Short-term investments21.6 24.8 71.1 29.6 
Total available-for-sale securities487.6 304.8 1,311.1 766.2 
Equity securities:
Nonredeemable preferred stocks11.9 17.3 40.3 53.6 
Common equities10.7 11.5 32.9 48.4 
Total equity securities22.6 28.8 73.2 102.0 
Investment income510.2 333.6 1,384.3 868.2 
Investment expenses(7.2)(5.8)(18.8)(17.4)
Net investment income$503.0 $327.8 $1,365.5 $850.8