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Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable, Gross, Allowance, and Net [Abstract] |
Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitment |
NOTE 4—ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RESERVE FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
Our allowance for credit losses represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual terms of our loans held for investment as of each balance sheet date. Expected recoveries of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off are recognized within the allowance. When developing an estimate of expected credit losses, we use both quantitative and qualitative methods in considering all available information relevant to assessing collectability. This may include internal information, external information or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management will consider and may qualitatively adjust for conditions, changes and trends in loan portfolios that may not be captured in modeled results. These adjustments are referred to as qualitative factors and represent management’s judgment of the imprecision and risks inherent in the processes and assumptions used in establishing the allowance for credit losses. Significant judgment is applied in our estimation of lifetime credit losses. We have unfunded lending commitments in our Commercial Banking business that are not unconditionally cancellable by us and for which we estimate expected credit losses in establishing a reserve. This reserve is measured using the same measurement objectives as the allowance for loans held for investment. We build or release the reserve for unfunded lending commitments through the provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income, and the related reserve for unfunded lending commitments is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K for further discussion of the methodology and policy for determining our allowance for credit losses for each of our loan portfolio segments, as well as information on our reserve for unfunded lending commitments. Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity The table below summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded lending commitments by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Our allowance for credit losses decreased by $1.5 billion to $14.0 billion as of March 31, 2021 from December 31, 2020, primarily driven by strong credit performance and an improved economic outlook. Table 4.1: Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
(Dollars in millions) |  | Credit Card |  | Consumer Banking |  | Commercial Banking |  |  |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 11,191 |  |  | $ | 2,715 |  |  | $ | 1,658 |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,564 |
Charge-offs |  | (993) |  |  | (342) |  |  | (19) |  |  |  |  | (1,354) |
Recoveries(1) |  | 360 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 614 |
Net charge-offs |  | (633) |  |  | (91) |  |  | (16) |  |  |  |  | (740) |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses |  | (492) |  |  | (126) |  |  | (195) |  |  |  |  | (813) |
Allowance build (release) for credit losses |  | (1,125) |  |  | (217) |  |  | (211) |  |  |  |  | (1,553) |
Other changes(2) |  | 6 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6 |
Balance as of March 31, 2021 |  | 10,072 |  |  | 2,498 |  |  | 1,447 |  |  |  |  | 14,017 |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 195 |  |  |  |  | 195 |
Provision (benefit) for losses on unfunded lending commitments |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (8) |  |  |  |  | (8) |
Balance as of March 31, 2021 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 187 |  |  |  |  | 187 |
Combined allowance and reserve as of March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 10,072 |  |  | $ | 2,498 |  |  | $ | 1,634 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,204 |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(Dollars in millions) |  | Credit Card |  | Consumer Banking |  | Commercial Banking |  |  |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 5,395 |  |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 775 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,208 |
Cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard |  | 2,241 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 102 |  |  |  |  | 2,845 |
Finance charge and fee reserve reclassification(3) |  | 462 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 462 |
Balance as of January 1, 2020 |  | 8,098 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | 877 |  |  |  |  | 10,515 |
Charge-offs |  | (1,849) |  |  | (496) |  |  | (112) |  |  |  |  | (2,457) |
Recoveries(1) |  | 413 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 666 |
Net charge-offs |  | (1,436) |  |  | (246) |  |  | (109) |  |  |  |  | (1,791) |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses |  | 3,702 |  |  | 860 |  |  | 805 |  |  |  |  | 5,367 |
Allowance build (release) for credit losses |  | 2,266 |  |  | 614 |  |  | 696 |  |  |  |  | 3,576 |
Other changes(2) |  | (18) |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (18) |
Balance as of March 31, 2020 |  | 10,346 |  |  | 2,154 |  |  | 1,573 |  |  |  |  | 14,073 |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 130 |  |  |  |  | 135 |
Cumulative effects from adoption of the CECL standard |  | 0 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  | 37 |
Balance as of January 1, 2020 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 172 |  |  |  |  | 172 |
Provision (benefit) for losses on unfunded lending commitments |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 51 |  |  |  |  | 51 |
Balance as of March 31, 2020 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 223 |  |  |  |  | 223 |
Combined allowance and reserve as of March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 10,346 |  |  | $ | 2,154 |  |  | $ | 1,796 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,296 |
__________ (1)The amount and timing of recoveries are impacted by our collection strategies, which are based on customer behavior and risk profile and include direct customer communications, repossession of collateral, the periodic sale of charged off loans as well as additional strategies, such as litigation. (2)Represents foreign currency translation adjustments. (3)Concurrent with our adoption of the CECL standard in the first quarter of 2020, we reclassified our finance charge and fee reserve to our allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding increase to credit card loans held for investment. Credit Card Partnership Loss Sharing Arrangements We have certain credit card partnership agreements that are presented within our consolidated financial statements on a net basis, in which our partner agrees to share a portion of the credit losses on the underlying loan portfolio. The expected reimbursements from these partners are netted against our allowance for credit losses. Our methodology for estimating reimbursements is consistent with the methodology we use to estimate the allowance for credit losses on our credit card loan receivables. These expected reimbursements result in reductions to net charge-offs and the provision for credit losses. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K for further discussion of our credit card partnership agreements. The table below summarizes the changes in the estimated reimbursements from these partners for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Table 4.2: Summary of Credit Card Partnership Loss Sharing Arrangements Impacts
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
Estimated reimbursements from partners, beginning of period |  | $ | 2,159 |  |  | $ | 2,166 |  |  |
Amounts due from partners which reduced net charge-offs |  | (141) |  |  | (302) |  |  |
Amounts estimated to be charged (from) to partners which reduced provision for credit losses |  | (13) |  |  | 789 |  |  |
Estimated reimbursements from partners, end of period |  | $ | 2,005 |  |  | $ | 2,653 |  |  |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for allowance for credit losses. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196771 + Details
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