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Loans | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Receivables [Abstract] |
Loans |
NOTE 4—LOANS
Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale. We further divide our loans held for investment into three portfolio segments: Credit Card, Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. Credit card loans consist of domestic and international credit card loans. Consumer banking loans consist of auto and retail banking loans. Commercial banking loans consist of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans. The information presented in the tables in this note excludes loans held for sale, which are carried at either fair value (if we elect the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value. Accrued interest receivable of $2.2 billion as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is not included in the tables in this note. The table below presents the composition and aging analysis of our loans held for investment portfolio as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 4.1: Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis
|  | March 31, 2025
|  |  |  | Delinquent Loans |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Current |  | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | > 90 Days |  | Total Delinquent Loans |  | Total Loans
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card |  | $ | 143,920 |  | $ | 1,802 |  | $ | 1,363 |  | $ | 3,224 |  | $ | 6,389 |  | $ | 150,309
International card businesses |  | 6,559 |  | 104 |  | 71 |  | 146 |  | 321 |  | 6,880
Total credit card |  | 150,479 |  | 1,906 |  | 1,434 |  | 3,370 |  | 6,710 |  | 157,189
Consumer Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 73,360 |  | 2,744 |  | 1,176 |  | 376 |  | 4,296 |  | 77,656
Retail banking |  | 1,219 |  | 10 |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 21 |  | 1,240
Total consumer banking |  | 74,579 |  | 2,754 |  | 1,181 |  | 382 |  | 4,317 |  | 78,896
Commercial Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 31,956 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  | 14 |  | 15 |  | 31,971
Commercial and industrial |  | 55,237 |  | 114 |  | 48 |  | 143 |  | 305 |  | 55,542
Total commercial banking |  | 87,193 |  | 115 |  | 48 |  | 157 |  | 320 |  | 87,513
Total loans(1) |  | $ | 312,251 |  | $ | 4,775 |  | $ | 2,663 |  | $ | 3,909 |  | $ | 11,347 |  | $ | 323,598
% of Total loans |  | 96.49% |  | 1.48% |  | 0.82% |  | 1.21% |  | 3.51% |  | 100.00%
|  | December 31, 2024
|  |  |  | Delinquent Loans |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Current |  | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | > 90 Days |  | Total Delinquent Loans |  | Total Loans
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card |  | $ | 148,565 |  | $ | 1,973 |  | $ | 1,503 |  | $ | 3,577 |  | $ | 7,053 |  | $ | 155,618
International card businesses |  | 6,570 |  | 107 |  | 72 |  | 141 |  | 320 |  | 6,890
Total credit card |  | 155,135 |  | 2,080 |  | 1,575 |  | 3,718 |  | 7,373 |  | 162,508
Consumer Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 71,600 |  | 3,149 |  | 1,529 |  | 551 |  | 5,229 |  | 76,829
Retail banking |  | 1,237 |  | 13 |  | 3 |  | 10 |  | 26 |  | 1,263
Total consumer banking |  | 72,837 |  | 3,162 |  | 1,532 |  | 561 |  | 5,255 |  | 78,092
|  | December 31, 2024
|  |  |  | Delinquent Loans |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Current |  | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | > 90 Days |  | Total Delinquent Loans |  | Total Loans
Commercial Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 31,733 |  | 31 |  | 9 |  | 130 |  | 170 |  | 31,903
Commercial and industrial |  | 55,030 |  | 3 |  | 22 |  | 217 |  | 242 |  | 55,272
Total commercial banking |  | 86,763 |  | 34 |  | 31 |  | 347 |  | 412 |  | 87,175
Total loans(1) |  | $ | 314,735 |  | $ | 5,276 |  | $ | 3,138 |  | $ | 4,626 |  | $ | 13,040 |  | $ | 327,775
% of Total loans |  | 96.02% |  | 1.61% |  | 0.96% |  | 1.41% |  | 3.98% |  | 100.00%
__________ (1)Loans include unamortized premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs totaling $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The following table presents our loans held for investment that are 90 days or more past due that continue to accrue interest, loans that are classified as nonperforming and loans that are classified as nonperforming without an allowance as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We recognized interest income for loans classified as nonperforming of $3 million and $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Table 4.2: 90+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest and Nonperforming Loans
|  | March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) |  | > 90 Days and Accruing |  | Nonperforming Loans |  | Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance |  | > 90 Days and Accruing |  | Nonperforming Loans |  | Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card |  | $ | 3,224 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 3,577 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 0 |
International card businesses |  | 141 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 134 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | 0 |
Total credit card |  | 3,365 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3,711 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 0 |
Consumer Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 0 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 0 |
Retail banking |  | 0 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 12 |
Total consumer banking |  | 0 |  |  | 584 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 775 |  |  | 12 |
Commercial Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 0 |  |  | 393 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 509 |  |  | 227 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 0 |  |  | 831 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 701 |  |  | 607 |
Total commercial banking |  | 0 |  |  | 1,224 |  |  | 553 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 834 |
Total |  | $ | 3,365 |  |  | $ | 1,817 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 3,807 |  |  | $ | 1,995 |  |  | $ | 846 |
% of Total loans held for investment |  | 1.04 | % |  | 0.56 | % |  | 0.17 | % |  | 1.16 | % |  | 0.61 | % |  | 0.26 | %
Credit Quality Indicators We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. We discuss these risks and our credit quality indicator for each portfolio segment below. Credit Card Our credit card loan portfolio is highly diversified across millions of accounts and numerous geographies without significant individual exposure. We therefore generally manage credit risk based on portfolios with common risk characteristics. The risk in our credit card loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as the U.S. unemployment rate and U.S. Real Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) growth rate, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our credit card loan portfolio is delinquency trends, including an analysis of loan migration between delinquency categories over time. The table below presents our credit card portfolio by delinquency status as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Table 4.3: Credit Card Delinquency Status
|  |  |  | March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) |  |  |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  | $ | 143,439 |  |  | $ | 481 |  |  | $ | 143,920 |  |  | $ | 148,112 |  |  | $ | 453 |  |  | $ | 148,565 |
30-59 days |  |  |  | 1,773 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 1,802 |  |  | 1,944 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 1,973 |
60-89 days |  |  |  | 1,343 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1,363 |  |  | 1,483 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1,503 |
Greater than 90 days |  |  |  | 3,195 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 3,224 |  |  | 3,549 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 3,577 |
Total domestic credit card |  |  |  | 149,750 |  |  | 559 |  |  | 150,309 |  |  | 155,088 |  |  | 530 |  |  | 155,618 |
International card businesses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  | 6,519 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 6,559 |  |  | 6,533 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 6,570 |
30-59 days |  |  |  | 99 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 107 |
60-89 days |  |  |  | 68 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 72 |
Greater than 90 days |  |  |  | 141 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 141 |
Total international card businesses |  |  |  | 6,827 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 6,880 |  |  | 6,839 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 6,890 |
Total credit card |  |  |  | $ | 156,577 |  |  | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 157,189 |  |  | $ | 161,927 |  |  | $ | 581 |  |  | $ | 162,508 |
Consumer Banking Our consumer banking loan portfolio consists of auto and retail banking loans. Similar to our credit card loan portfolio, the risk in our consumer banking loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we consider when assessing the credit quality and risk of our auto loan portfolio is borrower credit scores as they measure the creditworthiness of borrowers. Delinquency trends are the key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our retail banking loan portfolio. The table below presents our consumer banking portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. We present our auto loan portfolio by Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) scores at origination and our retail banking loan portfolio by delinquency status, which includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 4.4: Consumer Banking Portfolio by Vintage Year
|  | March 31, 2025 |  |
|  | Term Loans by Vintage Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Prior |  | Total Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total |  |
Auto—At origination FICO scores:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater than 660 |  | $ | 4,471 |  |  | $ | 15,568 |  |  | $ | 7,478 |  |  | $ | 7,213 |  |  | $ | 4,785 |  |  | $ | 1,413 |  |  | $ | 40,928 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 40,928 |  |  |
621-660 |  | 1,657 |  |  | 5,201 |  |  | 3,166 |  |  | 2,568 |  |  | 1,697 |  |  | 690 |  |  | 14,979 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 14,979 |  |  |
620 or below |  | 2,983 |  |  | 7,607 |  |  | 4,439 |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | 2,181 |  |  | 1,331 |  |  | 21,749 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 21,749 |  |  |
Total auto |  | 9,111 |  |  | 28,376 |  |  | 15,083 |  |  | 12,989 |  |  | 8,663 |  |  | 3,434 |  |  | 77,656 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 77,656 |  |  |
Retail banking—Delinquency status: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | 40 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,219 |  |  |
30-59 days |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 10 |  |  |
60-89 days |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  |  |
Greater than 90 days |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  |  |
Total retail banking |  | 40 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 880 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |
Total consumer banking |  | $ | 9,151 |  |  | $ | 28,506 |  |  | $ | 15,161 |  |  | $ | 13,076 |  |  | $ | 8,709 |  |  | $ | 3,933 |  |  | $ | 78,536 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 78,896 |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2024
|  | Term Loans by Vintage Year |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  | Total Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Auto—At origination FICO scores:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater than 660 |  | $ | 17,057 |  |  | $ | 8,333 |  |  | $ | 8,194 |  |  | $ | 5,621 |  |  | $ | 1,482 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 41,081 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 41,081 |
621-660 |  | 5,584 |  |  | 3,492 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | 1,986 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 14,870 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 14,870 |
620 or below |  | 8,102 |  |  | 4,882 |  |  | 3,626 |  |  | 2,546 |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | 515 |  |  | 20,878 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 20,878 |
Total auto |  | 30,743 |  |  | 16,707 |  |  | 14,726 |  |  | 10,153 |  |  | 3,356 |  |  | 1,144 |  |  | 76,829 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 76,829 |
Retail banking—Delinquency status: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | 143 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,237 |
30-59 days |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 13 |
60-89 days |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |
Greater than 90 days |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 10 |
Total retail banking |  | 143 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 894 |  |  | 365 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,263 |
Total consumer banking |  | $ | 30,886 |  |  | $ | 16,785 |  |  | $ | 14,819 |  |  | $ | 10,202 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |  |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | 77,723 |  |  | $ | 365 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 78,092 |
__________ (1)Amounts represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category. Commercial Banking The key credit quality indicator for our commercial loan portfolios is our internal risk ratings. We assign internal risk ratings to loans based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt. In determining the risk rating of a particular loan, some of the factors considered are the borrower’s current financial condition, historical and projected future credit performance, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, the estimated realizable value of any collateral and current economic trends. The scale based on our internal risk rating system is as follows: •Noncriticized: Loans that have not been designated as criticized, frequently referred to as “pass” loans. •Criticized performing: Loans in which the financial condition of the obligor is stressed, affecting earnings, cash flows or collateral values. The borrower currently has adequate capacity to meet near-term obligations; however, the stress, left unabated, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects at some future date. •Criticized nonperforming: Loans that are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as criticized nonperforming have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain a credit loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and are generally placed on nonaccrual status. We use our internal risk rating system for regulatory reporting, determining the frequency of credit exposure reviews, and evaluating and determining the allowance for credit losses. Generally, loans that are designated as criticized performing and criticized nonperforming are reviewed quarterly by management to determine if they are appropriately classified/rated and whether any impairment exists. Noncriticized loans are generally reviewed, at least annually, to determine the appropriate risk rating. In addition, we evaluate the risk rating during the renewal process of any loan or if a loan becomes past due. The following table presents our commercial banking portfolio of loans held for investment by internal risk ratings as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The internal risk rating status includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 4.5: Commercial Banking Portfolio by Internal Risk Ratings
|  | March 31, 2025
|  | Term Loans by Vintage Year |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Prior |  | Total Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Internal risk rating:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncriticized |  | $ | 761 |  |  | $ | 1,841 |  |  | $ | 2,606 |  |  | $ | 3,764 |  |  | $ | 2,078 |  |  | $ | 5,421 |  |  | $ | 16,471 |  |  | $ | 12,764 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 29,285 |
Criticized performing |  | 0 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 986 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | 2,240 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,293 |
Criticized nonperforming |  | 10 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 393 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 393 |
Total commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 771 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | 2,695 |  |  | 4,794 |  |  | 2,232 |  |  | 6,682 |  |  | 19,104 |  |  | 12,816 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 31,971 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncriticized |  | 1,489 |  |  | 5,462 |  |  | 5,592 |  |  | 9,488 |  |  | 4,629 |  |  | 8,605 |  |  | 35,265 |  |  | 15,999 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 51,392 |
Criticized performing |  | 2 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 784 |  |  | 431 |  |  | 2,405 |  |  | 914 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3,319 |
Criticized nonperforming |  | 4 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 831 |
Total commercial and industrial |  | 1,495 |  |  | 5,693 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 10,318 |  |  | 5,545 |  |  | 9,290 |  |  | 38,341 |  |  | 17,073 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 55,542 |
Total commercial banking |  | $ | 2,266 |  |  | $ | 7,623 |  |  | $ | 8,695 |  |  | $ | 15,112 |  |  | $ | 7,777 |  |  | $ | 15,972 |  |  | $ | 57,445 |  |  | $ | 29,889 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 87,513 |
|  | December 31, 2024
|  | Term Loans by Vintage Year |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  | Total Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Internal risk rating:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncriticized |  | $ | 1,820 |  |  | $ | 2,574 |  |  | $ | 3,846 |  |  | $ | 2,230 |  |  | $ | 903 |  |  | $ | 4,887 |  |  | $ | 16,260 |  |  | $ | 12,691 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 29,000 |
Criticized performing |  | 71 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 922 |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2,394 |
Criticized nonperforming |  | 23 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 509 |
Total commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 1,914 |  |  | 2,663 |  |  | 4,964 |  |  | 2,368 |  |  | 1,099 |  |  | 6,058 |  |  | 19,066 |  |  | 12,786 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 31,903 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncriticized |  | 5,694 |  |  | 6,092 |  |  | 9,952 |  |  | 5,009 |  |  | 2,730 |  |  | 6,239 |  |  | 35,716 |  |  | 15,449 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 51,431 |
Criticized performing |  | 101 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 680 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 2,253 |  |  | 887 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3,140 |
Criticized nonperforming |  | 41 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 701 |
Total commercial and industrial |  | 5,836 |  |  | 6,295 |  |  | 10,818 |  |  | 5,984 |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | 6,588 |  |  | 38,527 |  |  | 16,479 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 55,272 |
Total commercial banking |  | $ | 7,750 |  |  | $ | 8,958 |  |  | $ | 15,782 |  |  | $ | 8,352 |  |  | $ | 4,105 |  |  | $ | 12,646 |  |  | $ | 57,593 |  |  | $ | 29,265 |  |  | $ | 317 |  |  | $ | 87,175 |
__________ (1)Criticized exposures correspond to the “Special Mention,” “Substandard” and “Doubtful” asset categories defined by bank regulatory authorities. Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers As part of our loss mitigation efforts, we may provide short-term (one to twelve months) or long-term (greater than twelve months) modifications to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty to improve long-term collectibility of the loan and to avoid the need for repossession or foreclosure of collateral. We consider the impact of all loan modifications when estimating the credit quality of our loan portfolio and establishing allowance levels. For our Commercial Banking customers, loan modifications are also considered in the assignment of an internal risk rating. For additional information on financial difficulty modifications (“FDMs”), see “Part II—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2024 Form 10-K. The following tables present the major modification types, amortized cost amounts for each modification type and financial effects for all FDMs undertaken during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Table 4.6: Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
|  | Credit Card |  | Consumer Banking |  | Commercial Banking |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Domestic Card |  | International Card Businesses |  | Total Credit Card |  | Auto |  | Retail Banking |  | Total Consumer Banking |  | Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Total Commercial Banking |  | Total
Interest rate reduction |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 247 |
Term extension |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 447 |
Principal balance reduction |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Interest rate reduction and term extension |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 269 |  |  | — |  |  | 269 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 273 |
Other(1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 140 |
Total loans modified |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | 569 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |
% of total class of receivables |  | 0.12 | % |  | 0.83 | % |  | 0.15 | % |  | 0.40 | % |  | 0.21 | % |  | 0.40 | % |  | 0.77 | % |  | 0.58 | % |  | 0.65 | % |  | 0.35 | %
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
|  | Credit Card |  | Consumer Banking |  | Commercial Banking |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Domestic Card |  | International Card Businesses |  | Total Credit Card |  | Auto |  | Retail Banking |  | Total Consumer Banking |  | Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Total Commercial Banking |  | Total
Interest rate reduction |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 270 |
Term extension |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 451 |  |  | 459 |
Principal balance reduction |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Interest rate reduction and term extension |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 274 |  |  | — |  |  | 274 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 307 |
Other(1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 138 |
Total loans modified |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 290 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |
% of total class of receivables |  | 0.15 | % |  | 0.80 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.14 | % |  | 0.39 | % |  | 1.27 | % |  | 0.33 | % |  | 0.69 | % |  | 0.38 | %
__________ (1)Primarily consists of modifications or combinations of modifications not categorized above, such as increases in committed exposure, forbearances and other types of modifications in Commercial Banking. Table 4.7: Financial Effects of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
|  | Credit Card |  | Consumer Banking |  |  |  | Commercial Banking |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Domestic Card |  | International Card Businesses |  |  |  | Auto |  | Retail Banking |  |  |  | Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  |  |  |
Weighted-average interest rate reduction |  | 19.38% |  | 25.30% |  |  |  | 9.03% |  | —% |  |  |  | 0.85% |  | 0.25% |  |  |  |
Payment delay duration (in months) |  | 12 |  | 0 |  |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  |  |  | 11 |  | 21 |  |  |  |
Principal balance reduction |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
|  | Credit Card |  |  |  | Consumer Banking |  |  |  | Commercial Banking |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Domestic Card |  | International Card Businesses |  |  |  | Auto |  | Retail Banking |  |  |  | Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  |  |  |
Weighted-average interest rate reduction |  | 19.99% |  | 26.12% |  |  |  | 8.65% |  | —% |  |  |  | 0.79% |  | —% |  |  |  |
Payment delay duration (in months) |  | 12 |  | 0 |  |  |  | 6 |  | 10 |  |  |  | 6 |  | 12 |  |  |  |
Principal balance reduction |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | — |  | $15 |  |  |  |
Performance of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers We monitor loan performance trends, including FDMs, to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. See “Part II—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information on how the allowance for modified loans is calculated for each portfolio segment. FDMs are accumulated and the performance of each loan that received an FDM is reported on a rolling twelve month basis. The following tables present FDMs over a rolling 12 month period by delinquency status as of March 31, 2025 and 2024. Table 4.8 Delinquency Status of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers(1)
|  | March 31, 2025
|  |  |  | Delinquent Loans |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Current |  | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | > 90 Days |  | Total Delinquent Loans |  | Total Loans
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 552 |
International card businesses |  | 71 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 127 |
Total credit card |  | 459 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 679 |
Consumer Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 608 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 763 |
Retail banking |  | 6 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |
Total consumer banking |  | 614 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 770 |
Commercial Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 631 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 631 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 880 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 991 |
Total commercial banking |  | 1,511 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 1,622 |
Total |  | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 3,071 |
|  | March 31, 2024
|  |  |  | Delinquent Loans |  |
(Dollars in millions) |  | Current |  | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | > 90 Days |  | Total Delinquent Loans |  | Total Loans
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card |  | $ | 407 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 646 |
International card businesses |  | 53 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 106 |
Total credit card |  | 460 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 752 |
Consumer Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 626 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 792 |
Retail banking |  | 9 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 10 |
Total consumer banking |  | 635 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 802 |
Commercial Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 556 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 578 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 842 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 900 |
Total commercial banking |  | 1,398 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 1,478 |
Total |  | $ | 2,493 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | 3,032 |
__________ (1)Commitments to lend additional funds on FDMs totaled $225 million and $190 million as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Subsequent Defaults of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers FDMs may subsequently enter default. A default occurs if a FDM is either 90 days or more delinquent, has been charged off, or has been reclassified from accrual to nonaccrual status. Loans that entered a modification program while in default are not considered to have subsequently defaulted for purposes of this disclosure. The allowance for any FDMs that have subsequently defaulted is measured using the same methodology as the allowance for loans held for investment. See “Part II—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information. The following table presents FDMs that entered subsequent default for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Table 4.9 Subsequent Defaults of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(Dollars in millions) |  | Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  |  |  | Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension |  | Other Modifications |  | Total Loans
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 38 |
International card businesses |  | 21 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 21 |
Total credit card |  | 58 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 59 |
Consumer Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 85 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 86 |
Total consumer banking |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 85 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 86 |
Commercial Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Total commercial banking |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Total |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 149 |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) |  | Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  |  |  | Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension |  |  |  | Total Loans
Credit Card: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic credit card |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 75 |
International card businesses |  | 17 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 17 |
Total credit card |  | 91 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 92 |
Consumer Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 103 |  |  |  |  | 106 |
Total consumer banking |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 103 |  |  |  |  | 106 |
Commercial Banking: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and multifamily real estate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 0 |  |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 67 |
Total commercial banking |  | 0 |  |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 67 |
Total |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  |  |  | $ | 265 |
Loans Pledged We pledged loan collateral of $6.9 billion and $6.7 billion to secure a portion of our FHLB borrowing capacity of $34.9 billion and $35.1 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We also pledged loan collateral of $75.9 billion and $80.2 billion to secure our Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowing capacity of $44.4 billion and $46.7 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition to loans pledged, we have securitized a portion of our credit card and auto loan portfolios. See “Note 6—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations” for additional information. Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we converted $141 million and $116 million of revolving loans to term loans, respectively, primarily in our domestic credit card and commercial banking loan portfolios.

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