Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale. We further divide our loans held for investment into three portfolio segments: Credit Card, Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. The Credit Card segment consists of domestic credit card loans, international credit card loans and personal loans. The Consumer Banking segment consists of auto and retail banking loans. The Commercial Banking segment consists of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans. The information presented in the tables in this note excludes loans held for sale, which are carried at either fair value (if we elect the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value.

Accrued interest receivable of $3.0 billion and $2.2 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, is not included in the tables in this note. The table below presents the composition and aging analysis of our loans held for investment portfolio as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.

Table 4.1: Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis


	June 30, 2025
			Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		> 90 Days		Total Delinquent Loans		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	243,401	$	2,702	$	1,985	$	4,393	$	9,080	$	252,481
Personal loans	9,622		67		53		46		166		9,788
International card businesses	7,096		119		73		152		344		7,440
Total credit card	260,119		2,888		2,111		4,591		9,590		269,709
Consumer Banking:
Auto	75,647		2,680		1,281		409		4,370		80,017

Retail banking	1,200		11		2		3		16		1,216
Total consumer banking	76,847		2,691		1,283		412		4,386		81,233
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	32,757		126		84		0		210		32,967
Commercial and industrial	55,002		1		69		316		386		55,388
Total commercial banking	87,759		127		153		316		596		88,355
Total loans(1)	$	424,725	$	5,706	$	3,547	$	5,319	$	14,572	$	439,297
% of Total loans	96.68%		1.30%		0.81%		1.21%		3.32%		100.00%


	December 31, 2024
			Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		> 90 Days		Total Delinquent Loans		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	148,565	$	1,973	$	1,503	$	3,577	$	7,053	$	155,618
Personal loans	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
International card businesses	6,570		107		72		141		320		6,890
Total credit card	155,135		2,080		1,575		3,718		7,373		162,508
Consumer Banking:
Auto	71,600		3,149		1,529		551		5,229		76,829

Retail banking	1,237		13		3		10		26		1,263
Total consumer banking	72,837		3,162		1,532		561		5,255		78,092
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	31,733		31		9		130		170		31,903
Commercial and industrial	55,030		3		22		217		242		55,272
Total commercial banking	86,763		34		31		347		412		87,175
Total loans(1)	$	314,735	$	5,276	$	3,138	$	4,626	$	13,040	$	327,775
% of Total loans	96.02%		1.61%		0.96%		1.41%		3.98%		100.00%

__________

The following table presents our loans held for investment that are 90 days or more past due that continue to accrue interest, loans that are classified as nonperforming and loans that are classified as nonperforming without an allowance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We recognized interest income for loans classified as nonperforming of $3 million and $20 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $6 million and $31 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.


	June 30, 2025									December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)	> 90 Days and Accruing			Nonperforming Loans			Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance			> 90 Days and Accruing			Nonperforming Loans			Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	4,393		N/A			$	0		$	3,577		N/A			$	0
Personal loans	45			$	11		0			N/A			N/A			N/A
International card businesses	144			12			0			134			$	10		0
Total credit card	4,582			23			0			3,711			10			0
Consumer Banking:
Auto	0			585			0			0			750			0

Retail banking	0			18			9			0			25			12
Total consumer banking	0			603			9			0			775			12
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	0			348			176			0			509			227
Commercial and industrial	86			803			430			96			701			607
Total commercial banking	86			1,151			606			96			1,210			834
Total	$	4,668		$	1,777		$	615		$	3,807		$	1,995		$	846
% of Total loans held for investment	1.06		%	0.40		%	0.14		%	1.16		%	0.61		%	0.26		%

Our Credit Card segment is highly diversified across millions of accounts and numerous geographies without significant individual exposure. We therefore generally manage credit risk based on portfolios with common risk characteristics. The risk in our Credit Card segment correlates to broad economic trends, such as the U.S. unemployment rate and U.S. Real Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) growth rate, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our Credit Card segment is delinquency trends, including an analysis of loan migration between delinquency categories over time.


	June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)	Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card:
Current	$	242,322	$	1,079	$	243,401	$	148,112	$	453	$	148,565
30-59 days	2,643		59		2,702		1,944		29		1,973
60-89 days	1,940		45		1,985		1,483		20		1,503
Greater than 90 days	4,300		93		4,393		3,549		28		3,577
Total domestic credit card	251,205		1,276		252,481		155,088		530		155,618

International card businesses:
Current	7,054		42		7,096		6,533		37		6,570
30-59 days	115		4		119		102		5		107
60-89 days	70		3		73		69		3		72
Greater than 90 days	147		5		152		135		6		141
Total international card businesses	$	7,386	$	54	$	7,440	$	6,839	$	51	$	6,890


	June 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Personal loans—Delinquency status:
Current	$	2,225	$	3,652	$	2,294	$	988	$	335	$	128	$	9,622	$	0	$	0	$	9,622
30-59 days	3		20		25		13		4		2		67		0		0		67
60-89 days	1		16		20		11		4		1		53		0		0		53
Greater than 90 days	1		13		17		10		3		2		46		0		0		46
Total personal loans	$	2,230	$	3,701	$	2,356	$	1,022	$	346	$	133	$	9,788	$	0	$	0	$	9,788

Our Consumer Banking segment consists of auto and retail banking loans. Similar to our Credit Card segment, the risk in our Consumer Banking segment correlates to broad economic trends as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we consider when assessing the credit quality and risk of our auto loan portfolio is borrower credit scores as they measure the creditworthiness of borrowers. Delinquency trends are the key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our retail banking loan portfolio.

The table below presents loans held for investment in our Consumer Banking segment loans held for investment by credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. We present our auto loan portfolio by Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) scores at origination and our retail banking loan portfolio by delinquency status, which includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.


	June 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total

Auto—At origination FICO scores:(1)
Greater than 660	$	9,274	$	14,173	$	6,668	$	6,285	$	4,022	$	1,040	$	41,462	$	0	$	0	$	41,462
621-660	3,466		4,790		2,846		2,253		1,436		517		15,308		0		0		15,308
620 or below	6,503		7,052		4,006		2,814		1,852		1,020		23,247		0		0		23,247
Total auto	19,243		26,015		13,520		11,352		7,310		2,577		80,017		0		0		80,017







Retail banking—Delinquency status:
Current	57		130		74		83		44		466		854		343		3		1,200
30-59 days	0		0		0		0		0		3		3		8		0		11
60-89 days	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		2		0		2
Greater than 90 days	0		0		0		0		0		1		1		2		0		3
Total retail banking	57		130		74		83		44		470		858		355		3		1,216
Total consumer banking	$	19,300	$	26,145	$	13,594	$	11,435	$	7,354	$	3,047	$	80,875	$	355	$	3	$	81,233


	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total

Auto—At origination FICO scores:(1)
Greater than 660	$	17,057	$	8,333	$	8,194	$	5,621	$	1,482	$	394	$	41,081	$	0	$	0	$	41,081
621-660	5,584		3,492		2,906		1,986		667		235		14,870		0		0		14,870
620 or below	8,102		4,882		3,626		2,546		1,207		515		20,878		0		0		20,878
Total auto	30,743		16,707		14,726		10,153		3,356		1,144		76,829		0		0		76,829







Retail banking—Delinquency status:
Current	143		78		93		49		51		469		883		351		3		1,237
30-59 days	0		0		0		0		0		2		2		11		0		13
60-89 days	0		0		0		0		0		1		1		2		0		3
Greater than 90 days	0		0		0		0		1		7		8		1		1		10
Total retail banking	143		78		93		49		52		479		894		365		4		1,263
Total consumer banking	$	30,886	$	16,785	$	14,819	$	10,202	$	3,408	$	1,623	$	77,723	$	365	$	4	$	78,092

__________

(1)Amounts represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto loan credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category.

The key credit quality indicator for our Commercial Banking segment is our internal risk ratings. We assign internal risk ratings to loans based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt. In determining the risk rating of a particular loan, some of the factors considered are the borrower’s current financial condition, historical and projected future credit performance, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, the estimated realizable value of any collateral and current economic trends. The scale based on our internal risk rating system is as follows:

•Criticized nonperforming: Loans that are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as criticized nonperforming have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain a credit loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and are generally placed on nonaccrual status.

We use our internal risk rating system for regulatory reporting, determining the frequency of credit exposure reviews, and evaluating and determining the allowance for credit losses. Generally, loans that are designated as criticized performing and criticized nonperforming are reviewed quarterly by management to determine if they are appropriately classified/rated and whether any impairment exists. Noncriticized loans are generally reviewed, at least annually, to determine the appropriate risk rating. In addition, we evaluate the risk rating during the renewal process of any loan or if a loan becomes past due.


	June 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Internal risk rating:(1)
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Noncriticized	$	1,100	$	1,694	$	2,259	$	3,500	$	1,823	$	5,208	$	15,584	$	14,715	$	49	$	30,348
Criticized performing	0		104		89		910		67		1,069		2,239		30		2		2,271
Criticized nonperforming	10		18		0		21		81		218		348		0		0		348
Total commercial and multifamily real estate	1,110		1,816		2,348		4,431		1,971		6,495		18,171		14,745		51		32,967
Commercial and industrial
Noncriticized	3,018		5,358		5,142		8,986		4,417		7,898		34,819		16,717		116		51,652
Criticized performing	5		168		340		362		623		510		2,008		921		4		2,933
Criticized nonperforming	0		15		13		255		150		233		666		137		0		803
Total commercial and industrial	3,023		5,541		5,495		9,603		5,190		8,641		37,493		17,775		120		55,388
Total commercial banking	$	4,133	$	7,357	$	7,843	$	14,034	$	7,161	$	15,136	$	55,664	$	32,520	$	171	$	88,355


	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Internal risk rating:(1)
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Noncriticized	$	1,820	$	2,574	$	3,846	$	2,230	$	903	$	4,887	$	16,260	$	12,691	$	49	$	29,000
Criticized performing	71		89		1,072		35		110		922		2,299		93		2		2,394
Criticized nonperforming	23		0		46		103		86		249		507		2		0		509
Total commercial and multifamily real estate	1,914		2,663		4,964		2,368		1,099		6,058		19,066		12,786		51		31,903
Commercial and industrial
Noncriticized	5,694		6,092		9,952		5,009		2,730		6,239		35,716		15,449		266		51,431
Criticized performing	101		190		680		932		92		258		2,253		887		0		3,140
Criticized nonperforming	41		13		186		43		184		91		558		143		0		701
Total commercial and industrial	5,836		6,295		10,818		5,984		3,006		6,588		38,527		16,479		266		55,272
Total commercial banking	$	7,750	$	8,958	$	15,782	$	8,352	$	4,105	$	12,646	$	57,593	$	29,265	$	317	$	87,175

__________

The following tables present the major modification types, amortized cost amounts for each modification type and financial effects for all FDMs undertaken during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the tables include amounts of FDMs from the acquired Discover portfolio, including loans which were modified prior to the Closing Date.

Table 4.7: Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Credit Card												Consumer Banking									Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card(1)			Personal Loans			International Card Businesses			Total Credit Card			Auto			Retail Banking			Total Consumer Banking			Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial			Total Commercial Banking			Total
Interest rate reduction	$	1,023		$	—		$	58		$	1,081		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,081
Term extension	—			10			—			10			41			1			42			262			164			426			478
Principal balance reduction	—			—			—			—			9			—			9			—			—			—			9

Interest rate reduction and term extension	4			18			—			22			263			—			263			—			50			50			335
Other(2)	—			31			—			31			2			—			2			22			111			133			166
Total loans modified	$	1,027		$	59		$	58		$	1,144		$	315		$	1		$	316		$	284		$	325		$	609		$	2,069
% of total class of receivables	0.41		%	0.60		%	0.78		%	0.42		%	0.39		%	0.08		%	0.39		%	0.86		%	0.59		%	0.69		%	0.47		%


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Credit Card												Consumer Banking									Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card(1)			Personal Loans			International Card Businesses			Total Credit Card			Auto			Retail Banking			Total Consumer Banking			Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial			Total Commercial Banking			Total
Interest rate reduction	$	2,185		$	—		$	93		$	2,278		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	3		$	16		$	19		$	2,297
Term extension	—			22			—			22			60			1			61			470			325			795			878
Principal balance reduction	—			—			—			—			16			—			16			—			—			—			16

Interest rate reduction and term extension	7			36			—			43			479			—			479			—			50			50			572

Other(2)	—			63			—			63			2			—			2			54			194			248			313
Total loans modified	$	2,192		$	121		$	93		$	2,406		$	557		$	1		$	558		$	527		$	585		$	1,112		$	4,076
% of total class of receivables	0.87		%	1.24		%	1.24		%	0.89		%	0.70		%	0.08		%	0.69		%	1.60		%	1.06		%	1.26		%	0.93		%



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Credit Card										Consumer Banking									Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card			Personal Loans	International Card Businesses			Total Credit Card			Auto			Retail Banking			Total Consumer Banking			Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial			Total Commercial Banking			Total
Interest rate reduction	$	178		N/A	$	57		$	235		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	235
Term extension	—			N/A	—			—			5			—			5			214			188			402			407
Principal balance reduction	—			N/A	—			—			8			—			8			—			15			15			23
Interest rate reduction and term extension	5			N/A	—			5			195			—			195			—			6			6			206
Other(2)	—			N/A	—			—			2			1			3			53			115			168			171
Total loans modified	$	183		N/A	$	57		$	240		$	210		$	1		$	211		$	267		$	324		$	591		$	1,042
% of total class of receivables	0.12		%	N/A	0.83		%	0.16		%	0.28		%	0.08		%	0.28		%	0.81		%	0.58		%	0.67		%	0.33		%


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Credit Card										Consumer Banking									Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card			Personal Loans	International Card Businesses			Total Credit Card			Auto			Retail Banking			Total Consumer Banking			Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial			Total Commercial Banking			Total
Interest rate reduction	$	361		N/A	$	86		$	447		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	447
Term extension	—			N/A	—			—			10			2			12			373			327			700			712
Principal balance reduction	—			N/A	—			—			14			—			14			—			16			16			30
Interest rate reduction and term extension	8			N/A	—			8			410			—			410			26			6			32			450
Other(2)	—			N/A	—			—			2			1			3			142			115			257			260
Total loans modified	$	369		N/A	$	86		$	455		$	436		$	3		$	439		$	541		$	464		$	1,005		$	1,899
% of total class of receivables	0.25		%	N/A	1.26		%	0.30		%	0.59		%	0.21		%	0.58		%	1.65		%	0.83		%	1.14		%	0.60		%

__________

Table 4.8: Financial Effects of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Credit Card			Consumer Banking		Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card	Personal Loans	International Card Businesses		Auto	Retail Banking	Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate	Commercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction	15.31%	14.15%	26.19%		9.23%	0.50%	—%	1.93%
Payment delay duration (in months)	12	34	0		6	33	3	11
Principal balance reduction	$73	—	—		—	—	—	—
Interest and fees forgiven	$63	—	—		—	—	—	—


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Credit Card			Consumer Banking			Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card	Personal Loans	International Card Businesses		Auto	Retail Banking		Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate	Commercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction	14.89%	13.95%	25.75%		9.13%	0.50%		0.85%	1.69%
Payment delay duration (in months)	12	37	0		6	14		7	14
Principal balance reduction	$145	—	—		—	—		—	—
Interest and fees forgiven	$133	—	—		—	—		—	—



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Credit Card			Consumer Banking		Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card	Personal Loans	International Card Businesses	Auto	Retail Banking	Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate	Commercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction	20.13%	N/A	27.08%	8.89%	3.48%	—%	1.50%
Payment delay duration (in months)	12	N/A	0	6	36	9	15
Principal balance reduction	—	N/A	—	—	—	—	$1
Interest and fees forgiven	—	N/A	—	—	—	—	—


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Credit Card			Consumer Banking		Commercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)	Domestic Card	Personal Loans	International Card Businesses	Auto	Retail Banking	Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate	Commercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction	20.06%	N/A	26.62%	8.75%	3.48%	0.79%	1.50%
Payment delay duration (in months)	12	N/A	0	6	11	7	14
Principal balance reduction	—	N/A	—	—	—	—	$15
Interest and fees forgiven	—	N/A	—	—	—	—	—

We monitor loan performance trends, including FDMs, to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. See “Part II—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information on how the allowance for modified loans is calculated for each portfolio segment. FDMs are accumulated and the performance of each loan that received an FDM is reported on a rolling twelve month basis.


	June 30, 2025
			Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		> 90 Days		Total Delinquent Loans		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card(2)	$	3,423	$	200	$	141	$	297	$	638	$	4,061
Personal loans	171		20		12		5		37		208
International card businesses	77		12		10		36		58		135
Total credit card	3,671		232		163		338		733		4,404
Consumer Banking:
Auto	646		104		63		21		188		834
Retail banking	2		0		0		0		0		2
Total consumer banking	648		104		63		21		188		836
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	748		21		0		0		21		769
Commercial and industrial	917		0		9		48		57		974
Total commercial banking	1,665		21		9		48		78		1,743
Total	$	5,984	$	357	$	235	$	407	$	999	$	6,983


	June 30, 2024
			Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		> 90 Days		Total Delinquent Loans		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	438	$	61	$	45	$	102	$	208	$	646
Personal loans	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
International card businesses	61		11		11		34		56		117
Total credit card	499		72		56		136		264		763
Consumer Banking:
Auto	564		105		68		24		197		761
Retail banking	8		0		0		1		1		9
Total consumer banking	572		105		68		25		198		770
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	622		19		0		0		19		641
Commercial and industrial	863		7		0		72		79		942
Total commercial banking	1,485		26		0		72		98		1,583
Total	$	2,556	$	203	$	124	$	233	$	560	$	3,116

__________

FDMs may subsequently enter default. A default occurs if a FDM is either 90 days or more delinquent, has been charged off, or has been reclassified from accrual to nonaccrual status. Loans that entered a modification program while in default are not considered to have subsequently defaulted for purposes of this disclosure. The allowance for any FDMs that have subsequently defaulted is measured using the same methodology as the allowance for loans held for investment. See “Part II—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information.

Table 4.10 Subsequent Defaults of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension		Other Modifications		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	190	$	0	$	1	$	0	$	191
Personal loans	0		1		3		6		10
International card businesses	23		0		0		0		23
Total credit card	213		1		4		6		224
Consumer Banking:
Auto	0		2		86		0		88
Retail banking	0		0		0		0		0
Total consumer banking	0		2		86		0		88
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	0		0		0		2		2
Commercial and industrial	0		20		0		3		23
Total commercial banking	0		20		0		5		25
Total	$	213	$	23	$	90	$	11	$	337


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension		Other Modifications		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	406	$	0	$	2	$	0	$	408
Personal loans	0		2		7		14		23
International card businesses	45		0		0		0		45
Total credit card	451		2		9		14		476
Consumer Banking:
Auto	0		3		171		0		174

Total consumer banking	0		3		171		0		174
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	0		0		0		7		7
Commercial and industrial	0		20		0		2		22
Total commercial banking	0		20		0		9		29
Total	$	451	$	25	$	180	$	23	$	679



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
(Dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension		Other modifications		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	53	$	0	$	1	$	0	$	54
Personal loans	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
International card businesses	18		0		0		0		18
Total credit card	71		0		1		0		72
Consumer Banking:
Auto	0		2		116		0		118
Retail banking	0		1		0		0		1
Total consumer banking	0		3		116		0		119
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	0		0		0		0		0
Commercial and industrial	0		58		0		255		313
Total commercial banking	0		58		0		255		313
Total	$	71	$	61	$	117	$	255	$	504


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(Dollars in millions)	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension		Other modifications		Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	127	$	0	$	2	$	0	$	129
Personal loans	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
International card businesses	35		0		0		0		35
Total credit card	162		0		2		0		164
Consumer Banking:
Auto	0		5		219		0		224
Retail banking	0		1		0		0		1
Total consumer banking	0		6		219		0		225
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	0		0		0		0		0
Commercial and industrial	0		125		0		255		380
Total commercial banking	0		125		0		255		380
Total	$	162	$	131	$	221	$	255	$	769

We pledged loan collateral of $6.5 billion and $6.7 billion to secure a portion of our FHLB borrowing capacity of $34.1 billion and $35.1 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We also pledged loan collateral of $81.7 billion and $80.2 billion to secure our Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowing capacity of $47.1 billion and $46.7 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition to loans pledged, we have securitized a portion of our credit card and auto loan portfolios. See “Note 6—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations” for additional information.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we converted $263 million and $404 million of revolving loans to term loans, respectively, primarily in our domestic credit card and commercial banking loan portfolios. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we converted $205 million and $321 million of revolving loans to term loans, respectively, primarily in our domestic credit card and commercial banking loan portfolios.