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Loans (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis The table below presents the composition and aging analysis of our loans held for investment portfolio as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.
Table 4.1: Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis
 June 30, 2025
Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)Current30-59
Days
60-89
Days
> 90
Days
Total
Delinquent
Loans
Total
Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$243,401$2,702$1,985$4,393$9,080$252,481
Personal loans
9,6226753461669,788
International card businesses7,096119731523447,440
Total credit card260,1192,8882,1114,5919,590269,709
Consumer Banking:
Auto75,6472,6801,2814094,37080,017
Retail banking1,2001123161,216
Total consumer banking76,8472,6911,2834124,38681,233
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate32,75712684021032,967
Commercial and industrial55,00216931638655,388
Total commercial banking87,75912715331659688,355
Total loans(1)
$424,725$5,706$3,547$5,319$14,572$439,297
% of Total loans96.68%1.30%0.81%1.21%3.32%100.00%
December 31, 2024
Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)Current30-59
Days
60-89
Days
> 90
Days
Total
Delinquent
Loans
Total
Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$148,565$1,973$1,503$3,577$7,053$155,618
Personal loans
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
International card businesses6,570107721413206,890
Total credit card155,1352,0801,5753,7187,373162,508
Consumer Banking:
Auto71,6003,1491,5295515,22976,829
Retail banking1,23713310261,263
Total consumer banking72,8373,1621,5325615,25578,092
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate31,73331913017031,903
Commercial and industrial55,03032221724255,272
Total commercial banking86,763343134741287,175
Total loans(1)
$314,735$5,276$3,138$4,626$13,040$327,775
% of Total loans96.02%1.61%0.96%1.41%3.98%100.00%
__________
(1)Loans include unamortized premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs totaling $946 million and $1.2 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
90 Plus Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest and Nonperforming Loans
The following table presents our loans held for investment that are 90 days or more past due that continue to accrue interest, loans that are classified as nonperforming and loans that are classified as nonperforming without an allowance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We recognized interest income for loans classified as nonperforming of $3 million and $20 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $6 million and $31 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
Table 4.2: 90+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest and Nonperforming Loans
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)
> 90 Days and Accruing
Nonperforming
Loans
Nonperforming
 Loans Without an Allowance
> 90 Days and Accruing
Nonperforming
Loans
Nonperforming
 Loans Without an Allowance
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$4,393 N/A$0 $3,577 N/A$
Personal loans
45 $11 0 N/AN/AN/A
International card businesses144 12 0 134 $10 
Total credit card4,582 23 0 3,711 10 
Consumer Banking:
Auto0 585 0 750 
Retail banking0 18 9 25 12 
Total consumer banking0 603 9 775 12 
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate0 348 176 509 227 
Commercial and industrial86 803 430 96 701 607 
Total commercial banking86 1,151 606 96 1,210 834 
Total$4,668 $1,777 $615 $3,807 $1,995 $846 
% of Total loans held for investment1.06 %0.40 %0.14 %1.16 %0.61 %0.26 %
Credit Quality Indicator
The tables below present our Credit Card segment by delinquency status as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 4.3: Domestic and International Credit Card Delinquency Status
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Revolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotalRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card:
Current
$242,322 $1,079 $243,401 $148,112 $453 $148,565 
30-59 days
2,643 59 2,702 1,944 29 1,973 
60-89 days
1,940 45 1,985 1,483 20 1,503 
Greater than 90 days
4,300 93 4,393 3,549 28 3,577 
Total domestic credit card251,205 1,276 252,481 155,088 530 155,618 
International card businesses:
Current
7,054 42 7,096 6,533 37 6,570 
30-59 days
115 4 119 102 107 
60-89 days
70 3 73 69 72 
Greater than 90 days
147 5 152 135 141 
Total international card businesses$7,386 $54 $7,440 $6,839 $51 $6,890 
Table 4.4: Personal Loans Delinquency Status
June 30, 2025
Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)20252024202320222021PriorTotal Term LoansRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Personal loans—Delinquency status:
Current$2,225 $3,652 $2,294 $988 $335 $128 $9,622 $0 $0 $9,622 
30-59 days3 20 25 13 4 2 67 0067 
60-89 days1 16 20 11 4 1 53 0053 
Greater than 90 days1 13 17 10 3 2 46 0046 
Total personal loans$2,230 $3,701 $2,356 $1,022 $346 $133 $9,788 $0 $0 $9,788 
The table below presents loans held for investment in our Consumer Banking segment loans held for investment by credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. We present our auto loan portfolio by Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) scores at origination and our retail banking loan portfolio by delinquency status, which includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.
Table 4.5: Consumer Banking Portfolio by Vintage Year
June 30, 2025
Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)20252024202320222021PriorTotal Term LoansRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
AutoAt origination FICO scores:(1)
Greater than 660$9,274 $14,173 $6,668 $6,285 $4,022 $1,040 $41,462 $0 $0 $41,462 
621-6603,466 4,790 2,846 2,253 1,436 517 15,308 0 0 15,308 
620 or below6,503 7,052 4,006 2,814 1,852 1,020 23,247 0 0 23,247 
Total auto19,243 26,015 13,520 11,352 7,310 2,577 80,017 0 0 80,017 
Retail banking—Delinquency status:
Current57 130 74 83 44 466 854 343 3 1,200 
30-59 days0 0 0 0 0 3 3 8 0 11 
60-89 days0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 
Greater than 90 days0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 3 
Total retail banking57 130 74 83 44 470 858 355 3 1,216 
Total consumer banking$19,300 $26,145 $13,594 $11,435 $7,354 $3,047 $80,875 $355 $3 $81,233 
    
December 31, 2024
Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)20242023202220212020PriorTotal Term LoansRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
AutoAt origination FICO scores:(1)
Greater than 660$17,057 $8,333 $8,194 $5,621 $1,482 $394 $41,081 $$$41,081 
621-6605,584 3,492 2,906 1,986 667 235 14,870 14,870 
620 or below8,102 4,882 3,626 2,546 1,207 515 20,878 20,878 
Total auto30,743 16,707 14,726 10,153 3,356 1,144 76,829 76,829 
Retail banking—Delinquency status:
Current143 78 93 49 51 469 883 351 1,237 
30-59 days11 13 
60-89 days
Greater than 90 days10 
Total retail banking143 78 93 49 52 479 894 365 1,263 
Total consumer banking$30,886 $16,785 $14,819 $10,202 $3,408 $1,623 $77,723 $365 $$78,092 
__________
(1)Amounts represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto loan credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category.
The following table presents loans held for investment for our Commercial Banking segment by internal risk ratings as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The internal risk rating status includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.
Table 4.6: Commercial Banking Portfolio by Internal Risk Ratings
June 30, 2025
Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)20252024202320222021PriorTotal Term LoansRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Internal risk rating:(1)
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Noncriticized$1,100 $1,694 $2,259 $3,500 $1,823 $5,208 $15,584 $14,715 $49 $30,348 
Criticized performing0 104 89 910 67 1,069 2,239 30 2 2,271 
Criticized nonperforming10 18 0 21 81 218 348 0 0 348 
Total commercial and multifamily real estate1,110 1,816 2,348 4,431 1,971 6,495 18,171 14,745 51 32,967 
Commercial and industrial
Noncriticized3,018 5,358 5,142 8,986 4,417 7,898 34,819 16,717 116 51,652 
Criticized performing5 168 340 362 623 510 2,008 921 4 2,933 
Criticized nonperforming0 15 13 255 150 233 666 137 0 803 
Total commercial and industrial3,023 5,541 5,495 9,603 5,190 8,641 37,493 17,775 120 55,388 
Total commercial banking$4,133 $7,357 $7,843 $14,034 $7,161 $15,136 $55,664 $32,520 $171 $88,355 
December 31, 2024
Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)20242023202220212020PriorTotal Term LoansRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Internal risk rating:(1)
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Noncriticized$1,820 $2,574 $3,846 $2,230 $903 $4,887 $16,260 $12,691 $49 $29,000 
Criticized performing71 89 1,072 35 110 922 2,299 93 2,394 
Criticized nonperforming23 46 103 86 249 507 509 
Total commercial and multifamily real estate1,914 2,663 4,964 2,368 1,099 6,058 19,066 12,786 51 31,903 
Commercial and industrial
Noncriticized5,694 6,092 9,952 5,009 2,730 6,239 35,716 15,449 266 51,431 
Criticized performing101 190 680 932 92 258 2,253 887 3,140 
Criticized nonperforming41 13 186 43 184 91 558 143 701 
Total commercial and industrial5,836 6,295 10,818 5,984 3,006 6,588 38,527 16,479 266 55,272 
Total commercial banking$7,750 $8,958 $15,782 $8,352 $4,105 $12,646 $57,593 $29,265 $317 $87,175 
__________
(1)Criticized exposures correspond to the “Special Mention,” “Substandard” and “Doubtful” asset categories defined by bank regulatory authorities.
The table below presents gross charge-offs for loans held for investment by vintage year during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Table 5.2: Gross Charge-Offs by Vintage Year
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)20252024202320222021PriorTotal Term LoansRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Credit Card
Domestic credit cardN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A$6,159 $89 $6,248 
Personal loans
$1 $18 $21 $11 $3 $2 $56 N/AN/A56 
International card businessN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A257 7 264 
Total credit card1 18 21 11 3 2 56 6,416 96 6,568 
Consumer Banking
Auto24 327 315 298 189 96 1,249 0 0 1,249 
Retail banking0 0 0 0 0 1 1 38 0 39 
Total consumer banking24 327 315 298 189 97 1,250 38 0 1,288 
Commercial Banking
Commercial and multifamily real estate0 0 0 2 0 19 21 0 0 21 
Commercial and industrial0 0 0 22 10 33 65 33 0 98 
Total commercial banking0 0 0 24 10 52 86 33 0 119 
Total$25 $345 $336 $333 $202 $151 $1,392 $6,487 $96 $7,975 
FDM Disclosures
The following tables present the major modification types, amortized cost amounts for each modification type and financial effects for all FDMs undertaken during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the tables include amounts of FDMs from the acquired Discover portfolio, including loans which were modified prior to the Closing Date.
Table 4.7: Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)
Domestic Card(1)
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesTotal Credit CardAutoRetail BankingTotal Consumer BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and IndustrialTotal Commercial BankingTotal
Interest rate reduction$1,023$$58 $1,081$$ $$$$$1,081
Term extension 10  10 41 1 42 262 164 426 478 
Principal balance reduction    9  9    9 
Interest rate reduction and term extension4 18  22 263  263  50 50 335 
Other(2)
 31  31 2  2 22 111 133 166 
Total loans modified$1,027$59 $58 $1,144$315$1 $316 $284 $325 $609 $2,069
% of total class of receivables0.41 %0.60 %0.78 %0.42 %0.39 %0.08 %0.39 %0.86 %0.59 %0.69 %0.47 %
    
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)
Domestic Card(1)
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesTotal Credit CardAutoRetail BankingTotal Consumer BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and IndustrialTotal Commercial BankingTotal
Interest rate reduction$2,185$$93$2,278$$$$3 $16 $19 $2,297
Term extension 22  22 60 1 61 470 325 795 878 
Principal balance reduction    16  16    16 
Interest rate reduction and term extension7 36  43 479  479  50 50 572 
Other(2)
 63  63 2  2 54 194 248 313 
Total loans modified$2,192$121 $93 $2,406$557$1 $558 $527 $585 $1,112 $4,076
% of total class of receivables0.87 %1.24 %1.24 %0.89 %0.70 %0.08 %0.69 %1.60 %1.06 %1.26 %0.93 %
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)Domestic Card
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesTotal Credit CardAutoRetail BankingTotal Consumer BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and IndustrialTotal Commercial BankingTotal
Interest rate reduction$178 N/A$57 $235 $— $— $— $— $— $— $235 
Term extension— N/A— — — 214 188 402 407 
Principal balance reduction— N/A— — — — 15 15 23 
Interest rate reduction and term extensionN/A— 195 — 195 — 206 
Other(2)
— N/A— — 53 115 168 171 
Total loans modified$183 N/A$57 $240 $210 $$211 $267 $324 $591 $1,042 
% of total class of receivables0.12 %N/A0.83 %0.16 %0.28 %0.08 %0.28 %0.81 %0.58 %0.67 %0.33 %
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)Domestic Card
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesTotal Credit CardAutoRetail BankingTotal Consumer BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and IndustrialTotal Commercial BankingTotal
Interest rate reduction$361 N/A$86 $447 $— $— $— $— $— $— $447 
Term extension— N/A— — 10 12 373 327 700 712 
Principal balance reduction— N/A— — 14 — 14 — 16 16 30 
Interest rate reduction and term extensionN/A— 410 — 410 26 32 450 
Other(2)
— N/A— — 142 115 257 260 
Total loans modified$369 N/A$86 $455 $436 $$439 $541 $464 $1,005 $1,899 
% of total class of receivables0.25 %N/A1.26 %0.30 %0.59 %0.21 %0.58 %1.65 %0.83 %1.14 %0.60 %
__________
(1)Includes $432 million and $1.4 billion of FDMs as of June 30, 2025 that were modified prior to the Closing Date in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively.
(2)Primarily consists of modifications or combinations of modifications not categorized above, such as payment delays, increases in committed exposure, forbearances and other types of modifications in Commercial Banking.
Table 4.8: Financial Effects of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)Domestic Card
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesAutoRetail BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction15.31%14.15%26.19%9.23%0.50%—%1.93%
Payment delay duration (in months)12340633311
Principal balance reduction$73
Interest and fees forgiven
$63
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)Domestic Card
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesAutoRetail BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction14.89%13.95%25.75%9.13%0.50%0.85%1.69%
Payment delay duration (in months)12370614714
Principal balance reduction$145
Interest and fees forgiven
$133
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)Domestic Card
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesAutoRetail BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction20.13%
N/A
27.08%8.89%3.48%—%1.50%
Payment delay duration (in months)12
N/A
0636915
Principal balance reduction
N/A
$1
Interest and fees forgiven
N/A
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial Banking
(Dollars in millions)Domestic Card
Personal Loans
International Card BusinessesAutoRetail BankingCommercial and Multifamily Real EstateCommercial and Industrial
Weighted-average interest rate reduction20.06%
N/A
26.62%8.75%3.48%0.79%1.50%
Payment delay duration (in months)12
N/A
0611714
Principal balance reductionN/A$15
Interest and fees forgiven
N/A
The following tables present FDMs over a rolling 12 month period by delinquency status as of June 30, 2025 and 2024. For the 12 month period ended June 30, 2025, the table includes amounts of FDMs from the acquired Discover portfolio, including loans which were modified prior to the Closing Date.
Table 4.9 Delinquency Status of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers(1)
June 30, 2025
Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)Current30-59 Days60-89 Days
> 90 Days
Total Delinquent LoansTotal Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card(2)
$3,423 $200 $141 $297 $638 $4,061 
Personal loans
171 20 12 5 37 208 
International card businesses77 12 10 36 58 135 
Total credit card3,671 232 163 338 733 4,404 
Consumer Banking:
Auto646 104 63 21 188 834 
Retail banking2 0 0 0 0 2 
Total consumer banking648 104 63 21 188 836 
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate748 21 0 0 21 769 
Commercial and industrial917 0 9 48 57 974 
Total commercial banking1,665 21 9 48 78 1,743 
Total$5,984 $357 $235 $407 $999 $6,983 

June 30, 2024
Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)Current30-59 Days60-89 Days
> 90 Days
Total Delinquent LoansTotal Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$438 $61 $45 $102 $208 $646 
Personal loans
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
International card businesses61 11 11 34 56 117 
Total credit card499 72 56 136 264 763 
Consumer Banking:
Auto564 105 68 24 197 761 
Retail banking
Total consumer banking572 105 68 25 198 770 
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate622 19 19 641 
Commercial and industrial863 72 79 942 
Total commercial banking1,485 26 72 98 1,583 
Total$2,556 $203 $124 $233 $560 $3,116 
__________
(1)Commitments to lend additional funds on FDMs totaled $197 million and $193 million as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(2)Includes $3.1 billion of FDMs as of June 30, 2025 that were modified prior to the Closing Date in the second quarter of 2025.
Schedule of Debtor Troubled Debt Restructuring, Subsequent Periods
The following table presents FDMs that entered subsequent default for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the tables include amounts of FDMs from the acquired Discover portfolio, including loans which were modified or entered subsequent default prior to the Closing Date.
Table 4.10 Subsequent Defaults of Financial Difficulty Modifications to Borrowers
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions)Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionOther ModificationsTotal Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$190 $0 $1 $0 $191 
Personal loans
0 1 3 6 10 
International card businesses23 0 0 0 23 
Total credit card213 1 4 6 224 
Consumer Banking:
Auto0 2 86 0 88 
Retail banking0 0 0 0 0 
Total consumer banking0 2 86 0 88 
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate0 0 0 2 2 
Commercial and industrial0 20 0 3 23 
Total commercial banking0 20 0 5 25 
Total$213 $23 $90 $11 $337 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions)Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionOther ModificationsTotal Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$406 $0 $2 $0 $408 
Personal loans
0 2 7 14 23 
International card businesses45 0 0 0 45 
Total credit card451 2 9 14 476 
Consumer Banking:
Auto0 3 171 0 174 
Total consumer banking0 3 171 0 174 
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate0 0 0 7 7 
Commercial and industrial0 20 0 2 22 
Total commercial banking0 20 0 9 29 
Total$451 $25 $180 $23 $679 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionOther modificationsTotal Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$53 $$$$54 
Personal loans
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
International card businesses18 18 
Total credit card71 72 
Consumer Banking:
Auto116 118 
Retail banking
Total consumer banking116 119 
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Commercial and industrial58 255 313 
Total commercial banking58 255 313 
Total$71 $61 $117 $255 $504 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionOther modificationsTotal Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card$127 $$$$129 
Personal loans
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
International card businesses35 35 
Total credit card162 164 
Consumer Banking:
Auto219 224 
Retail banking
Total consumer banking219 225 
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Commercial and industrial125 255 380 
Total commercial banking125 255 380 
Total$162 $131 $221 $255 $769