10-Q 1 etn0930201710-qdoc.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
Commission file number 000-54863

EATON CORPORATION plc
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ireland |  | 98-1059235
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification Number)
Eaton House, 30 Pembroke Road, Dublin 4, Ireland |  | D04 Y0C2
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

|  |  | +353 1637 2900 |  |  |
|  |  | (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |  |  |
|  |  | Not applicable |  |  |
|  |  | (Former name, former address and former fiscal year if changed since last report) |  |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer þ |  | Accelerated filer o |  | Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o |  | Emerging growth company o |  | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange
Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
There were 440.6 million Ordinary Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2017.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 2
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 26
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 32
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 32
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 32
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 32
ITEM 2. UNRESTRICTED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 33
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION | 33
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 33
SIGNATURES | 34
EXHIBIT INDEX | 35
EX-12 |
EX-31.1 |
EX-31.2 |
EX-32.1 |
EX-32.2 |
EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT |
EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT |

Table of Contents
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

EATON CORPORATION plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(In millions except for per share data) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales | $ | 5,211 |  |  | $ | 4,987 |  |  | $ | 15,191 |  |  | $ | 14,880 |
Cost of products sold | 3,469 |  |  | 3,371 |  |  | 10,229 |  |  | 10,081 |
Selling and administrative expense | 916 |  |  | 853 |  |  | 2,703 |  |  | 2,642 |
Research and development expense | 147 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 440 |  |  | 444 |
Interest expense - net | 60 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 173 |
Gain on sale of business | 1,077 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,077 |  |  | — |
Other expense (income) - net | 5 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (28 | )
Income before income taxes | 1,691 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 2,725 |  |  | 1,568 |
Income tax expense | 292 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 151 |
Net income | 1,399 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 2,347 |  |  | 1,417 |
Less net (income) loss for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,399 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 2,346 |  |  | $ | 1,418 |
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 3.14 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | $ | 3.09 |
Basic | 3.16 |  |  | 1.15 |  |  | 5.26 |  |  | 3.10 |
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 445.2 |  |  | 455.6 |  |  | 448.3 |  |  | 457.9 |
Basic | 442.6 |  |  | 453.9 |  |  | 445.9 |  |  | 456.5 |
Cash dividends declared per ordinary share | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 1.80 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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EATON CORPORATION plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income | $ | 1,399 |  |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 2,347 |  |  | $ | 1,417 |
Less net (income) loss for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | 1,399 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 2,346 |  |  | 1,418 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation and related hedging instruments | 195 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 743 |  |  | (57 | )
Pensions and other postretirement benefits | 16 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 132 |
Cash flow hedges | (12 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (33 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | 199 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 785 |  |  | 42 |
Total comprehensive income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,598 |  |  | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | 3,131 |  |  | $ | 1,460 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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EATON CORPORATION plc
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Assets |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash | $ | 791 |  |  | $ | 543 |
Short-term investments | 843 |  |  | 203 |
Accounts receivable - net | 3,962 |  |  | 3,560 |
Inventory | 2,457 |  |  | 2,254 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 396 |  |  | 381 |
Total current assets | 8,449 |  |  | 6,941 |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |
Land and buildings | 2,498 |  |  | 2,369 |
Machinery and equipment | 5,940 |  |  | 5,670 |
Gross property, plant and equipment | 8,438 |  |  | 8,039 |
Accumulated depreciation | (4,952 | ) |  | (4,596 | )
Net property, plant and equipment | 3,486 |  |  | 3,443 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  |
Goodwill | 13,545 |  |  | 13,201 |
Other intangible assets | 5,354 |  |  | 5,514 |
Deferred income taxes | 264 |  |  | 360 |
Other assets | 1,627 |  |  | 960 |
Total assets | $ | 32,725 |  |  | $ | 30,419 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 14 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,494 |  |  | 1,552 |
Accounts payable | 2,039 |  |  | 1,718 |
Accrued compensation | 434 |  |  | 379 |
Other current liabilities | 1,928 |  |  | 1,822 |
Total current liabilities | 5,900 |  |  | 5,485 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  |
Long-term debt | 7,273 |  |  | 6,711 |
Pension liabilities | 1,328 |  |  | 1,659 |
Other postretirement benefits liabilities | 366 |  |  | 368 |
Deferred income taxes | 327 |  |  | 321 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 895 |  |  | 934 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 10,189 |  |  | 9,993 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Eaton shareholders’ equity | 16,593 |  |  | 14,897 |
Noncontrolling interests | 43 |  |  | 44 |
Total equity | 16,636 |  |  | 14,941 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 32,725 |  |  | $ | 30,419 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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EATON CORPORATION plc
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Nine months ended September 30
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016
Operating activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 2,347 |  |  | $ | 1,417 |
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 685 |  |  | 700 |
Deferred income taxes | (181 | ) |  | (105 | )
Pension and other postretirement benefits expense | 161 |  |  | 177 |
Contributions to pension plans | (447 | ) |  | (114 | )
Contributions to other postretirement benefits plans | (14 | ) |  | (26 | )
Gain on sale of business | (843 | ) |  | — |
Changes in working capital | (144 | ) |  | (206 | )
Other - net | 223 |  |  | 89 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,787 |  |  | 1,932 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment | (351 | ) |  | (346 | )
Proceeds from sale of business | 600 |  |  | — |
Cash received from acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | 1 |
Purchases of short-term investments - net | (621 | ) |  | (29 | )
Other - net | (63 | ) |  | 3 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (435 | ) |  | (371 | )
Financing activities |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | 1,000 |  |  | 633 |
Payments on borrowings | (553 | ) |  | (666 | )
Cash dividends paid | (803 | ) |  | (780 | )
Exercise of employee stock options | 59 |  |  | 60 |
Repurchase of shares | (789 | ) |  | (567 | )
Employee taxes paid from shares withheld | (21 | ) |  | (18 | )
Other - net | (8 | ) |  | (5 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (1,115 | ) |  | (1,343 | )
Effect of currency on cash | 11 |  |  | 8 |
Total increase in cash | 248 |  |  | 226 |
Cash at the beginning of the period | 543 |  |  | 268 |
Cash at the end of the period | $ | 791 |  |  | $ | 494 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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EATON CORPORATION plc
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Amounts are in millions unless indicated otherwise (per share data assume dilution).

Note 1. | BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Eaton Corporation plc (Eaton or the Company) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by United States generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) have been made that are necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods.
This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Eaton’s 2016 Form 10-K. The interim period results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date this Form 10-Q was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
During the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, (ASU 2016-09). Upon adoption, the Company recorded deferred tax assets of $48 for all excess tax benefits that had not been previously recognized. This was accomplished through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. ASU 2016-09 also requires that all excess tax benefits and deficiencies generated in the current and future periods be recorded as income tax benefit or expense in the reporting period in which they occur. These excess tax benefits and deficiencies, which were previously required to be presented as financing activities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, are now classified as operating activities prospectively. The Company also reclassified $21 and $18 for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively, from operating activities to financing activities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for withholding payments made to taxing authorities from shares withheld from employees. The Company will continue to estimate forfeitures as part of recording equity-based compensation expense.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09). This accounting standard supersedes all existing US GAAP revenue recognition guidance. Under ASU 2014-09, a company will recognize revenue when it transfers the control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the company expects to collect in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 will require additional disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date (ASU 2015-14). This accounting standard defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for one year and permits early adoption as of the original effective date.
A cross-functional implementation team has been established consisting of representatives from all of our business segments to review current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of the new standard to revenue contracts. The implementation team performed a review of samples of customer contracts across the Company’s significant revenue streams. Based on this evaluation of the revenue streams, the Company believes there will be little difference in revenue recorded under the current and new standards. Certain revenue streams will move from point-in-time or multiple elements to over time because of the continuous transfer of control to customers. The Company is also in the process of implementing the appropriate changes to business processes and controls to support recognition and disclosure under the new standard, including evaluating new qualitative and quantitative disclosures that will include information on the nature, amount, timing and significant judgments impacting revenue from contracts with customers. Eaton plans to adopt the standard as of the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach and will record a cumulative adjustment to equity for open contracts as of January 1, 2018.
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), (ASU 2016-02). This accounting standard requires that a lessee recognize a lease asset and a lease liability on its balance sheet for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 will require additional disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. A project team has been formed to evaluate and implement the new standard, including the use of third-party lease accounting software. Eaton is evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 and an estimate of the impact to the consolidated financial statements cannot be made at this time.
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Note 2. | SALE OF A BUSINESS

On July 31, 2017, Eaton sold a 50% interest in its heavy-duty and medium-duty commercial vehicle automated transmission business for $600 in cash to Cummins, Inc. The new joint venture is named Eaton Cummins Automated Transmission Technologies. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $1,077, of which $533 related to the pre-tax gain from the $600 proceeds from the sale and $544 related to the Company’s remaining 50% investment in the joint venture being remeasured to fair value. The after-tax gain was $843. The fair value is based on the price paid to Eaton for the 50% interest sold to Cummins, Inc. and further supported by a discounted cash flow model. Eaton will account for its investment on the equity method of accounting.

Note 3. | ACQUISITION INTEGRATION CHARGES

Eaton incurs integration charges related to acquired businesses. A summary of these charges follows:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Electrical Products | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Electrical Systems and Services | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total acquisition integration charges before income taxes | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total after income taxes | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Per ordinary share - diluted | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Business segment acquisition integration charges in 2017 related to the integration of Ephesus Lighting, Inc. (Ephesus), which was acquired in 2015. The charges associated with Ephesus were included in Selling and administrative expense. Business segment acquisition integration charges in 2016 related to the integration of Ephesus and Oxalis Group Ltd. (Oxalis), which was acquired in 2015. The charges associated with Ephesus were included in Cost of products sold and Selling and administrative expense, while the charges associated with Oxalis were included in Cost of products sold. In Business Segment Information, the charges reduced Operating profit of the related business segment. See Note 14 for additional information about business segments.

Note 4. | RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

During 2015, Eaton announced its commitment to undertake actions to reduce its cost structure in all business segments and at corporate. Restructuring charges incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $22 and $75, respectively, and were $23 and $121 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The charges associated with restructuring activities are anticipated to be $100 in 2017.
A summary of restructuring charges by type follows:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Workforce reductions | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Plant closings and other | 12 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 26 |
Total | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 121 |

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A summary of restructuring charges by segment follows:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Electrical Products | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 27 |
Electrical Systems & Services | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 20 |
Hydraulics | 9 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 44 |
Aerospace | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |
Vehicle | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 22 |
Corporate | 11 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 5 |
Total | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 121 |

A summary of liabilities related to workforce reductions, plant closings and other associated costs announced in 2015 follows:

| Workforce reductions |  | Plant closings and other |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54 |
Liability recognized | 177 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 211 |
Payments | (116 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (129 | )
Other adjustments | (2 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (22 | )
Balance at December 31, 2016 | 113 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 114 |
Liability recognized | 35 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 75 |
Payments | (78 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (103 | )
Other adjustments | (3 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (15 | )
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 71 |

These charges were included in Cost of products sold, Selling and administrative expenses or Other income-net, as appropriate. In Business Segment Information, the charges reduced Operating profit of the related business segment. See Note 14 for additional information about business segments.

Note 5. | GOODWILL

Change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment follows:

|  | Electrical Products |  | Electrical Systems and Services |  | Hydraulics |  | Aerospace |  | Vehicle |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 6,497 |  |  | $ | 4,203 |  |  | $ | 1,221 |  |  | $ | 938 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 13,201 |
Goodwill written off from sale of business |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (52 | ) |  | (52 | )
Translation |  | 235 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 396 |
September 30, 2017 |  | $ | 6,732 |  |  | $ | 4,317 |  |  | $ | 1,255 |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | 295 |  |  | $ | 13,545 |

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Note 6. DEBT
On September 15, 2017, a subsidiary of Eaton issued senior notes (the Notes) with a face amount of $1,000. The Notes are comprised of two tranches of $700 and $300, which mature in 2027 and 2047, respectively, with interest payable semi-annually at a respective rate of 3.1% and 3.9%. The issuer received proceeds totaling $993 from the issuance, net of financing costs. The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsubordinated, unsecured basis by Eaton and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries. The Notes contain customary optional redemption and par call provisions. The Notes also contain a change of control provision which requires the Company to make an offer to purchase all or any part of the Notes at a purchase price of 101% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. The capitalized deferred financing fees are amortized in Interest expense-net over the respective terms of the Notes. The Notes are subject to customary non-financial covenants.
Note 7. RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS
The components of retirement benefits expense follow:

|  | United States pension benefit expense |  | Non-United States pension benefit expense |  | Other postretirement benefits expense
|  | Three months ended September 30
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Service cost | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
| Interest cost | 30 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
| Expected return on plan assets | (61 | ) |  | (63 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | )
| Amortization | 21 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (2 | )
|  | 14 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
| Settlements | 17 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Total expense | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
|  | United States pension benefit expense |  | Non-United States pension benefit expense |  | Other postretirement benefits expense
|  | Nine months ended September 30
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Service cost | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |
| Interest cost | 92 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 13 |
| Expected return on plan assets | (183 | ) |  | (188 | ) |  | (70 | ) |  | (71 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (5 | )
| Amortization | 62 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 25 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (6 | )
|  | 43 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |
| Settlements and special termination benefits | 51 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Total expense | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 5 |

In 2017, Eaton expects to make contributions to the United States pension plans of $375, including $370 contributed through September 30, 2017.
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Note 8. | LEGAL CONTINGENCIES

Eaton is subject to a broad range of claims, administrative and legal proceedings such as lawsuits that relate to contractual allegations, tax audits, patent infringement, personal injuries, antitrust matters and employment-related matters. Eaton is also subject to asbestos claims from historic products which may have contained asbestos. Insurance may cover some of the costs associated with these claims and proceedings. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome or cost of these matters, the Company believes they will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2011, Pepsi-Cola Metropolitan Bottling Company, Inc. (“Pepsi”) filed an action against (a) Cooper Industries, LLC, Cooper Industries, Ltd., Cooper Holdings, Ltd., Cooper US, Inc., and Cooper Industries plc (collectively, “Cooper”), (b) M&F Worldwide Corp., Mafco Worldwide Corp., Mafco Consolidated Group LLC, and PCT International Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “Mafco”), and (c) the Pneumo Abex Asbestos Claims Settlement Trust (the “Trust”) in Texas state court. Pepsi alleged that it was harmed by a 2011 settlement agreement (“2011 Settlement”) among Cooper, Mafco, and Pneumo Abex, LLC (“Pneumo,” which prior to the 2011 Settlement was a Mafco subsidiary), which settlement resolved litigation that Pneumo had previously brought against Cooper involving, among other things, a guaranty related to Pneumo’s friction products business. In November 2015, after a Texas court ruled that Pepsi's claims should be heard in arbitration, Pepsi filed a demand for arbitration against Cooper, Mafco, the Trust, and Pneumo. Pepsi subsequently dropped claims against all parties except Cooper. An arbitration under the auspices of the American Arbitration Association commenced in October 2017. Pepsi’s experts have opined, among other things, that the value contributed to the Trust for a release of the guaranty was approximately $440 below reasonably equivalent value, and that an inability of Pneumo to satisfy future liabilities may result in plaintiffs suing Pepsi under various theories. Cooper submitted various expert reports and, among other things, Cooper’s experts opine that Pepsi has no basis to seek any damages and that Cooper paid reasonably equivalent value for the release of its indemnity obligations under the guaranty. The Company believes that the claims of Pepsi are without merit, and that the ultimate resolution of this matter will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2010, a Brazilian court held that a judgment obtained by a Brazilian company, Raysul, against another Brazilian company, Saturnia, which was sold by Eaton in 2006, could be enforced against Eaton Ltda. The judgment was based on an alleged violation of an agency agreement between Raysul and Saturnia. At March 31, 2016, the Company had a total accrual of 100 Brazilian Reais related to this matter ($31 based on June 2016 exchange rates). In June 2016, Eaton signed a settlement agreement and resolved the matter, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 9. | INCOME TAXES

The effective income tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was expense of 17.3% and 13.9%, respectively, compared to expense of 8.8% and 9.6% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2016. The tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 includes $234 of tax expense on the gain related to the Eaton Cummins joint venture transaction, which closed during the third quarter and is discussed in Note 2. Excluding the impact from the Eaton Cummins joint venture transaction, the effective income tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was expense of 9.5% and 8.8%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate in the third quarter of 2017 was due to greater levels of income in higher tax jurisdictions. The decrease in the effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2017 was due to the resolution of tax contingencies in lower tax jurisdictions and the excess tax benefits recognized for employee share-based payments pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-09 as discussed in Note 1.
On July 26, 2017, the United States Tax Court issued a ruling in the previously-disclosed dispute between Eaton Corporation, a subsidiary of the Company (“Eaton Corp”) and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). As the Company has previously disclosed, the IRS issued a Notice in 2011 for Eaton Corp’s 2005 and 2006 tax years proposing assessments of $75 million in additional taxes plus $52 million in penalties related primarily to transfer pricing adjustments for products manufactured in Eaton facilities in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic and sold to affiliated companies located in the U.S. As previously disclosed, the IRS also proposed adjustments related to the same transfer pricing issue in another Notice issued in 2014 for the 2007 through 2010 tax years. Eaton has set its transfer prices for products sold between these affiliates at the same prices that it sells such products to third parties, as required by two successive Advance Pricing Agreements (APAs) Eaton Corp entered into with the IRS. The IRS cancelled the APAs and made the proposed adjustments in the 2011 and 2014 Notices, which Eaton Corp disputed in the Tax Court. The Tax Court case involved both whether the APAs should be enforced and, if not, the appropriate transfer pricing methodology. The Tax Court held a trial for the 2005 and 2006 tax years, the outcome of which also applies to the transfer pricing matter in the 2007 through 2010 tax years.
The Tax Court agreed with Eaton Corp that the IRS must abide by the terms of the APAs for the tax years 2005-2006, a finding that is also applicable to the 2007-2010 years. The Tax Court’s ruling on the APAs did not have a material impact on Eaton’s consolidated financial statements.
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Note 10. EQUITY
On October 22, 2013, Eaton's Board of Directors adopted a share repurchase program (the 2013 Program). Under the 2013 Program, the ordinary shares were expected to be repurchased over time, depending on market conditions, the market price of ordinary shares, capital levels, and other considerations. During the first quarter of 2016, 1.5 million ordinary shares were repurchased under the 2013 Program in the open market at a total cost of $82. On February 24, 2016, the Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program for share repurchases up to $2,500 of ordinary shares (2016 Program). Under the 2016 Program, the ordinary shares are expected to be repurchased over time, depending on market conditions, the market price of ordinary shares, capital levels, and other considerations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, 4.4 million and 10.7 million ordinary shares, respectively, were repurchased under the 2016 Program in the open market at a total cost of $324 and $789, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, 3.7 million and 7.7 million ordinary shares, respectively, were repurchased under the 2016 Program in the open market at a total cost of $243 and $485, respectively.
The changes in Shareholders’ equity follow:

| Eaton shareholders’ equity |  | Noncontrolling interests |  | Total equity
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 14,897 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 14,941 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Net income | 2,346 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,347 |
Other comprehensive income | 785 |  |  | — |  |  | 785 |
Cash dividends paid | (803 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (806 | )
Issuance of shares under equity-based compensation plans - net | 109 |  |  | — |  |  | 109 |
Repurchase of shares | (789 | ) |  | — |  |  | (789 | )
Changes in noncontrolling interest - net | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 16,593 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 16,636 |

The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss follow:

| Currency translation and related hedging instruments |  | Pensions and other postretirement benefits |  | Cash flow hedges |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | (3,062 | ) |  | $ | (1,380 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (4,448 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | 743 |  |  | (46 | ) |  | (19 | ) |  | 678 |
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income) | — |  |  | 99 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 107 |
Net current-period Other comprehensive income (loss) | 743 |  |  | 53 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 785 |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | (2,319 | ) |  | $ | (1,327 | ) |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | (3,663 | )

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The reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss follow:

| Nine months ended September 30, 2017 |  | Consolidated statements of income classification
Amortization of defined benefit pensions and other postretirement benefits items |  |  |
Actuarial loss and prior service cost | $ | (146 | ) | 1 |
Tax benefit | 47 |  |  |
Total, net of tax | (99 | ) |  |
Gains and (losses) on cash flow hedges |  |  |
Currency exchange contracts | (12 | ) |  | Cost of products sold
Tax benefit | 4 |  |  |
Total, net of tax | (8 | ) |  |
Total reclassifications for the period | $ | (107 | ) |  |

1 These components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 7 for additional information about pension and other postretirement benefits items.
Net Income Per Share Attributable to Eaton Ordinary Shareholders
A summary of the calculation of net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders follows:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Shares in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,399 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 2,346 |  |  | $ | 1,418 |
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding - diluted | 445.2 |  |  | 455.6 |  |  | 448.3 |  |  | 457.9 |
Less dilutive effect of equity-based compensation | 2.6 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 1.4 |
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic | 442.6 |  |  | 453.9 |  |  | 445.9 |  |  | 456.5 |
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 3.14 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | $ | 3.09 |
Basic | 3.16 |  |  | 1.15 |  |  | 5.26 |  |  | 3.10 |

For the third quarter and first nine months of 2017, 0.2 million and 0.6 million stock options, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders because the exercise price of the options exceeded the average market price of the ordinary shares during the period and their effect, accordingly, would have been antidilutive. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, 1.5 million and 1.8 million stock options, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders because the exercise price of the options exceeded the average market price of the ordinary shares during the period and their effect, accordingly, would have been antidilutive.
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Note 11. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is measured based on an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to satisfy a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a fair value hierarchy is established, which categorizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: (Level 1) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; (Level 2) inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and (Level 3) unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
A summary of financial instruments recognized at fair value, and the fair value measurements used, follows:

| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash | $ | 791 |  |  | $ | 791 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Short-term investments | 843 |  |  | 843 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net derivative contracts | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash | $ | 543 |  |  | $ | 543 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Short-term investments | 203 |  |  | 203 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net derivative contracts | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |

Eaton values its financial instruments using an industry standard market approach, in which prices and other relevant information is generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. No financial instruments were measured using unobservable inputs.
Other Fair Value Measurements
Long-term debt and the current portion of long-term debt had a carrying value of $8,767 and fair value of $9,078 at September 30, 2017 compared to $8,263 and $8,477, respectively, at December 31, 2016. The fair value of Eaton's debt instruments were estimated using prevailing market interest rates on debt with similar creditworthiness, terms and maturities, and are considered a Level 2 fair value measurement.
As discussed in Note 2, on July 31, 2017 Eaton sold a 50% interest in its heavy-duty and medium-duty commercial vehicle automated transmission business to Cummins, Inc. Eaton's remaining 50% interest was remeasured to a fair value of $600 on July 31, 2017 using a discounted cash flow model which is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. The model includes estimates of future cash flows, future growth rates, terminal value amounts, and the applicable weighted-average cost of capital used to discount those estimated cash flows. Eaton will account for its investment on the equity method of accounting.
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Note 12. | DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

In the normal course of business, Eaton is exposed to certain risks related to fluctuations in interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodity prices. The Company uses various derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps, currency forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and, to a lesser extent, commodity contracts, to manage risks from these market fluctuations. The instruments used by Eaton are straightforward, non-leveraged instruments. The counterparties to these instruments are financial institutions with strong credit ratings. Eaton maintains control over the size of positions entered into with any one counterparty and regularly monitors the credit rating of these institutions. Such instruments are not purchased and sold for trading purposes.
Derivative financial instruments are accounted for at fair value and recognized as assets or liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounting for the gain or loss resulting from the change in the fair value of the derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated, and is effective, as part of a hedging relationship and, if so, as to the nature of the hedging activity. Eaton formally documents all relationships between derivative financial instruments accounted for as designated hedges and the hedged item, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. This process includes linking derivative financial instruments to a recognized asset or liability, specific firm commitment, forecasted transaction, or net investment in a foreign operation. These financial instruments can be designated as:

• | Hedges of the change in the fair value of a recognized fixed-rate asset or liability, or the firm commitment to acquire such an asset or liability (a fair value hedge); for these hedges, the gain or loss from the derivative financial instrument, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in income during the period of change in fair value.

• | Hedges of the variable cash flows of a recognized variable-rate asset or liability, or the forecasted acquisition of such an asset or liability (a cash flow hedge); for these hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss from the derivative financial instrument is recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified to income in the same period when the gain or loss on the hedged item is included in income.

• | Hedges of the currency exposure related to a net investment in a foreign operation (a net investment hedge); for these hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss from the derivative financial instrument is recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified to income in the same period when the gain or loss related to the net investment in the foreign operation is included in income.

The gain or loss from a derivative financial instrument designated as a hedge that is effective is classified in the same line of the Consolidated Statements of Income as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. The change in fair value of a derivative financial instrument that is not effective as a hedge is immediately recognized in income.
For derivatives that are not designated as a hedge, any gain or loss is immediately recognized in income. The majority of derivatives used in this manner relate to risks resulting from assets or liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and certain commodity contracts that arise in the normal course of business. Gains and losses associated with commodity hedge contracts are classified in Cost of products sold.
Eaton uses certain of its debt denominated in foreign currency to hedge portions of its net investments in foreign operations against foreign currency exposure (net investment hedges). Foreign currency denominated debt designated as non-derivative net investment hedging instruments on an after-tax basis was $89 at September 30, 2017 and $86 at December 31, 2016, and designated on a pre-tax basis was $643 at September 30, 2017 and $572 at December 31, 2016.
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Derivative Financial Statement Impacts
The fair value of derivative financial instruments recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets follows:

| Notional amount |  | Other current assets |  | Other noncurrent assets |  | Other current liabilities |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  | Type of hedge |  | Term
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps | $ | 3,715 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | Fair value |  | 2 months to 17 years
Currency exchange contracts | 921 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 5 |  |  | Cash flow |  | 1 to 36 months
Total |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency exchange contracts | $ | 3,022 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 to 12 months
Commodity contracts | 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 to 12 months
Total |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps | $ | 3,765 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | Fair value |  | 3 months to 18 years
Forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps | 450 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | Cash flow |  | 11 years
Currency exchange contracts | 802 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 17 |  |  | Cash flow |  | 1 to 36 months
Total |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency exchange contracts | $ | 5,333 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 to 12 months
Commodity contracts | 10 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 to 12 months
Total |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The currency exchange contracts shown in the table above as derivatives not designated as hedges are primarily contracts entered into to manage currency volatility or exposure on intercompany sales and loans. While Eaton does not elect hedge accounting treatment for these derivatives, Eaton targets managing 100% of the intercompany balance sheet exposure to minimize the effect of currency volatility related to the movement of goods and services in the normal course of its operations. This activity represents the great majority of these currency exchange contracts.
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The impact of derivative instruments to the Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income follow:

| Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income |  | Location of gain (loss) reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Gain (loss) reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss
| Three months ended September 30 |  |  |  | Three months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | Interest expense - net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate locks | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | Interest expense - net |  | — |  |  | — |
Currency exchange contracts | (6 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | Cost of products sold |  | (7 | ) |  | (4 | )
Total | $ | (25 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (4 | )
| Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income |  | Location of gain (loss) reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Gain (loss) reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss
| Nine months ended September 30 |  |  |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | (18 | ) |  | Interest expense - net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate locks | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | Interest expense - net |  | — |  |  | — |
Currency exchange contracts | (5 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | Cost of products sold |  | (12 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | (53 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | (3 | )

Amounts recognized in net income follow:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 78 |
Related long-term debt converted to floating interest rates by interest rate swaps | 4 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (78 | )
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Gains and losses described above were recognized in Interest expense - net.
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Note 13. | INVENTORY

Inventory accounted for using the first-in, first out (FIFO) method is carried at lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory accounted for using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method is carried at lower of cost or market. The components of inventory follow:

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Raw materials | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | 880 |
Work-in-process | 434 |  |  | 396 |
Finished goods | 1,167 |  |  | 1,074 |
Inventory at FIFO | 2,560 |  |  | 2,350 |
Excess of FIFO over LIFO cost | (103 | ) |  | (96 | )
Total inventory | $ | 2,457 |  |  | $ | 2,254 |

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Note 14. | BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. Eaton’s operating segments are Electrical Products, Electrical Systems and Services, Hydraulics, Aerospace and Vehicle. Operating profit includes the operating profit from intersegment sales. For additional information regarding Eaton’s business segments, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the 2016 Form 10-K.

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Electrical Products | $ | 1,857 |  |  | $ | 1,767 |  |  | $ | 5,371 |  |  | $ | 5,231 |
Electrical Systems and Services | 1,421 |  |  | 1,436 |  |  | 4,168 |  |  | 4,207 |
Hydraulics | 634 |  |  | 562 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 1,702 |
Aerospace | 438 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 1,303 |  |  | 1,328 |
Vehicle | 861 |  |  | 786 |  |  | 2,495 |  |  | 2,412 |
Total net sales | $ | 5,211 |  |  | $ | 4,987 |  |  | $ | 15,191 |  |  | $ | 14,880 |
Segment operating profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Electrical Products | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 924 |
Electrical Systems and Services | 196 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 534 |
Hydraulics | 80 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 161 |
Aerospace | 84 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 251 |
Vehicle | 150 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 377 |
Total segment operating profit | 856 |  |  | 799 |  |  | 2,357 |  |  | 2,247 |
Corporate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangible assets | (98 | ) |  | (99 | ) |  | (288 | ) |  | (297 | )
Interest expense - net | (60 | ) |  | (59 | ) |  | (181 | ) |  | (173 | )
Pension and other postretirement benefits expense | (16 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | (45 | )
Gain on sale of business | 1,077 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,077 |  |  | — |
Other corporate expense - net | (68 | ) |  | (50 | ) |  | (202 | ) |  | (164 | )
Income before income taxes | 1,691 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 2,725 |  |  | 1,568 |
Income tax expense | 292 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 151 |
Net income | 1,399 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 2,347 |  |  | 1,417 |
Less net (income) loss for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,399 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 2,346 |  |  | $ | 1,418 |

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Note 15. | CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On November 14, 2013 and September 15, 2017, Eaton Corporation registered senior notes under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Senior Notes). Eaton and certain other of Eaton's 100% owned direct and indirect subsidiaries (the Guarantors) fully and unconditionally guaranteed (subject, in the case of the Guarantors, other than Eaton, to customary release provisions as described below), on a joint and several basis, the Senior Notes. The following condensed consolidating financial statements are included so that separate financial statements of Eaton, Eaton Corporation and each of the Guarantors are not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidating adjustments primarily relate to eliminations of investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions. The condensed consolidating financial statements present investments in subsidiaries using the equity method of accounting.
The guarantee of a Guarantor that is not a parent of the issuer will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged in the event of any sale of the Guarantor or of all or substantially all of its assets, or in connection with the release or termination of the Guarantor as a guarantor under all other U.S. debt securities or U.S. syndicated credit facilities, subject to limitations set forth in the indenture. The guarantee of a Guarantor that is a direct or indirect parent of the issuer will only be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged in connection with the release or termination of such Guarantor as a guarantor under all other debt securities or syndicated credit facilities (in both cases, U.S. or otherwise), subject to limitations set forth in the indenture.
During 2017 and 2016, the Company undertook certain steps to restructure ownership of various subsidiaries. The transactions were entirely among wholly-owned subsidiaries under the common control of Eaton. This restructuring has been reflected as of the beginning of the earliest period presented below.
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CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 1,669 |  |  | $ | 3,223 |  |  | $ | (1,376 | ) |  | $ | 5,211 |
Cost of products sold | — |  |  | 1,322 |  |  | 1,225 |  |  | 2,294 |  |  | (1,372 | ) |  | 3,469 |
Selling and administrative expense | 32 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 354 |  |  | — |  |  | 916 |
Research and development expense | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
Interest expense (income) - net | — |  |  | 62 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | 60 |
Gain on Sale of Business | — |  |  | 560 |  |  | — |  |  | 517 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,077 |
Other expense (income) - net | 23 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (31 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Equity in loss (earnings) of subsidiaries, net of tax | (1,573 | ) |  | (237 | ) |  | (1,900 | ) |  | (706 | ) |  | 4,416 |  |  | — |
Intercompany expense (income) - net | 119 |  |  | (33 | ) |  | 335 |  |  | (421 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,399 |  |  | 757 |  |  | 1,781 |  |  | 2,174 |  |  | (4,420 | ) |  | 1,691 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 154 |  |  | — |  |  | 292 |
Net income (loss) | 1,399 |  |  | 637 |  |  | 1,763 |  |  | 2,020 |  |  | (4,420 | ) |  | 1,399 |
Less net loss (income) for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Net income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,399 |  |  | $ | 637 |  |  | $ | 1,763 |  |  | $ | 2,019 |  |  | $ | (4,419 | ) |  | $ | 1,399 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | (452 | ) |  | $ | 199 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,598 |  |  | $ | 622 |  |  | $ | 1,963 |  |  | $ | 2,286 |  |  | $ | (4,871 | ) |  | $ | 1,598 |

CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,660 |  |  | $ | 1,592 |  |  | $ | 3,032 |  |  | $ | (1,297 | ) |  | $ | 4,987 |
Cost of products sold | — |  |  | 1,329 |  |  | 1,168 |  |  | 2,168 |  |  | (1,294 | ) |  | 3,371 |
Selling and administrative expense | 2 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 324 |  |  | — |  |  | 853 |
Research and development expense | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |
Interest expense (income) - net | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 59 |
Other expense (income) - net | (1 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15 | )
Equity in loss (earnings) of subsidiaries, net of tax | (628 | ) |  | (173 | ) |  | (914 | ) |  | (228 | ) |  | 1,943 |  |  | — |
Intercompany expense (income) - net | 104 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 333 |  |  | (403 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 523 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 756 |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | (1,945 | ) |  | 573 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | 52 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 51 |
Net income (loss) | 523 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 745 |  |  | 1,101 |  |  | (1,944 | ) |  | 522 |
Less net loss (income) for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 745 |  |  | $ | 1,101 |  |  | $ | (1,943 | ) |  | $ | 523 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (56 | ) |  | $ | 24 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | 1,104 |  |  | $ | (1,999 | ) |  | $ | 547 |

20

CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,963 |  |  | $ | 4,936 |  |  | $ | 9,378 |  |  | $ | (4,086 | ) |  | $ | 15,191 |
Cost of products sold | — |  |  | 3,948 |  |  | 3,638 |  |  | 6,723 |  |  | (4,080 | ) |  | 10,229 |
Selling and administrative expense | 98 |  |  | 998 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 1,016 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,703 |
Research and development expense | — |  |  | 164 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 122 |  |  | — |  |  | 440 |
Interest expense (income) - net | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | 181 |
Gain on Sale of Business | — |  |  | 560 |  |  | — |  |  | 517 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,077 |
Other expense (income) - net | 71 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (69 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10 | )
Equity in loss (earnings) of subsidiaries, net of tax | (2,858 | ) |  | (612 | ) |  | (3,625 | ) |  | (931 | ) |  | 8,026 |  |  | — |
Intercompany expense (income) - net | 343 |  |  | (106 | ) |  | 1,007 |  |  | (1,244 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 2,346 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 3,224 |  |  | 4,244 |  |  | (8,032 | ) |  | 2,725 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 222 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 378 |
Net income (loss) | 2,346 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 3,187 |  |  | 4,022 |  |  | (8,031 | ) |  | 2,347 |
Less net loss (income) for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 2,346 |  |  | $ | 823 |  |  | $ | 3,187 |  |  | $ | 4,019 |  |  | $ | (8,029 | ) |  | $ | 2,346 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 792 |  |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | (1,825 | ) |  | $ | 785 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 3,131 |  |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 3,979 |  |  | $ | 5,017 |  |  | $ | (9,854 | ) |  | $ | 3,131 |

CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,842 |  |  | $ | 4,815 |  |  | $ | 8,962 |  |  | $ | (3,739 | ) |  | $ | 14,880 |
Cost of products sold | — |  |  | 3,788 |  |  | 3,571 |  |  | 6,462 |  |  | (3,740 | ) |  | 10,081 |
Selling and administrative expense | 6 |  |  | 1,048 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 999 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,642 |
Research and development expense | — |  |  | 176 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 128 |  |  | — |  |  | 444 |
Interest expense (income) - net | — |  |  | 169 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | 173 |
Other expense (income) - net | (1 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | — |  |  | (28 | )
Equity in loss (earnings) of subsidiaries, net of tax | (1,726 | ) |  | (495 | ) |  | (2,398 | ) |  | (457 | ) |  | 5,076 |  |  | — |
Intercompany expense (income) - net | 303 |  |  | (104 | ) |  | 901 |  |  | (1,100 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,418 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 1,989 |  |  | 2,983 |  |  | (5,079 | ) |  | 1,568 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 119 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 151 |
Net income (loss) | 1,418 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 1,965 |  |  | 2,864 |  |  | (5,078 | ) |  | 1,417 |
Less net loss (income) for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,418 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 1,965 |  |  | $ | 2,862 |  |  | $ | (5,075 | ) |  | $ | 1,418 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (120 | ) |  | $ | 42 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | $ | 1,460 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 2,024 |  |  | $ | 2,855 |  |  | $ | (5,195 | ) |  | $ | 1,460 |

21

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 594 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 791 |
Short-term investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 843 |  |  | — |  |  | 843 |
Accounts receivable - net | — |  |  | 386 |  |  | 1,404 |  |  | 2,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,962 |
Intercompany accounts receivable | 1 |  |  | 1,136 |  |  | 3,616 |  |  | 3,802 |  |  | (8,555 | ) |  | — |
Inventory | — |  |  | 330 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 1,529 |  |  | (85 | ) |  | 2,457 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 396 |
Total current assets | 2 |  |  | 2,122 |  |  | 5,763 |  |  | 9,173 |  |  | (8,611 | ) |  | 8,449 |
Property, plant and equipment - net | — |  |  | 835 |  |  | 687 |  |  | 1,964 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,486 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | — |  |  | 1,303 |  |  | 6,293 |  |  | 5,949 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,545 |
Other intangible assets | — |  |  | 159 |  |  | 3,305 |  |  | 1,890 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,354 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | 692 |  |  | — |  |  | 270 |  |  | (698 | ) |  | 264 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 35,826 |  |  | 14,062 |  |  | 77,001 |  |  | 13,661 |  |  | (140,550 | ) |  | — |
Intercompany loans receivable | — |  |  | 7,459 |  |  | 2,655 |  |  | 58,045 |  |  | (68,159 | ) |  | — |
Other assets | — |  |  | 794 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 680 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,627 |
Total assets | $ | 35,828 |  |  | $ | 27,426 |  |  | $ | 95,857 |  |  | $ | 91,632 |  |  | $ | (218,018 | ) |  | $ | 32,725 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |
Current portion of long-term debt | — |  |  | 1,455 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,494 |
Accounts payable | — |  |  | 382 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,039 |
Intercompany accounts payable | 262 |  |  | 3,739 |  |  | 3,614 |  |  | 940 |  |  | (8,555 | ) |  | — |
Accrued compensation | — |  |  | 111 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 266 |  |  | — |  |  | 434 |
Other current liabilities | 1 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1,928 |
Total current liabilities | 263 |  |  | 6,323 |  |  | 4,446 |  |  | 3,424 |  |  | (8,556 | ) |  | 5,900 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt | — |  |  | 6,295 |  |  | 969 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,273 |
Pension liabilities | — |  |  | 331 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 921 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,328 |
Other postretirement benefits liabilities | — |  |  | 195 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | 366 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 677 |  |  | 348 |  |  | (698 | ) |  | 327 |
Intercompany loans payable | 18,972 |  |  | 2,013 |  |  | 45,719 |  |  | 1,455 |  |  | (68,159 | ) |  | — |
Other noncurrent liabilities | — |  |  | 287 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 378 |  |  | — |  |  | 895 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 18,972 |  |  | 9,121 |  |  | 47,769 |  |  | 3,184 |  |  | (68,857 | ) |  | 10,189 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eaton shareholders' equity | 16,593 |  |  | 11,982 |  |  | 43,642 |  |  | 84,985 |  |  | (140,609 | ) |  | 16,593 |
Noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 43 |
Total equity | 16,593 |  |  | 11,982 |  |  | 43,642 |  |  | 85,024 |  |  | (140,605 | ) |  | 16,636 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 35,828 |  |  | $ | 27,426 |  |  | $ | 95,857 |  |  | $ | 91,632 |  |  | $ | (218,018 | ) |  | $ | 32,725 |

22

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2016
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 543 |
Short-term investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 203 |  |  | — |  |  | 203 |
Accounts receivable - net | — |  |  | 536 |  |  | 1,049 |  |  | 1,975 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,560 |
Intercompany accounts receivable | 5 |  |  | 954 |  |  | 4,023 |  |  | 3,633 |  |  | (8,615 | ) |  | — |
Inventory | — |  |  | 342 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 1,349 |  |  | (79 | ) |  | 2,254 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 381 |
Total current assets | 6 |  |  | 2,001 |  |  | 5,760 |  |  | 7,843 |  |  | (8,669 | ) |  | 6,941 |
Property, plant and equipment - net | — |  |  | 857 |  |  | 706 |  |  | 1,880 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,443 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | — |  |  | 1,355 |  |  | 6,293 |  |  | 5,553 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,201 |
Other intangible assets | — |  |  | 169 |  |  | 3,442 |  |  | 1,903 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,514 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | 904 |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |  |  | (772 | ) |  | 360 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 32,795 |  |  | 13,743 |  |  | 72,938 |  |  | 12,577 |  |  | (132,053 | ) |  | — |
Intercompany loans receivable | — |  |  | 7,605 |  |  | 2,061 |  |  | 56,598 |  |  | (66,264 | ) |  | — |
Other assets | — |  |  | 491 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 335 |  |  | — |  |  | 960 |
Total assets | $ | 32,801 |  |  | $ | 27,125 |  |  | $ | 91,334 |  |  | $ | 86,917 |  |  | $ | (207,758 | ) |  | $ | 30,419 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |
Current portion of long-term debt | — |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,552 |
Accounts payable | 1 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 1,093 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,718 |
Intercompany accounts payable | 281 |  |  | 3,870 |  |  | 3,115 |  |  | 1,349 |  |  | (8,615 | ) |  | — |
Accrued compensation | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 223 |  |  | — |  |  | 379 |
Other current liabilities | 1 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 941 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 1,822 |
Total current liabilities | 283 |  |  | 6,181 |  |  | 4,020 |  |  | 3,618 |  |  | (8,617 | ) |  | 5,485 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt | — |  |  | 5,767 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,711 |
Pension liabilities | — |  |  | 610 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 888 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,659 |
Other postretirement benefits liabilities | — |  |  | 198 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | 368 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 732 |  |  | 361 |  |  | (772 | ) |  | 321 |
Intercompany loans payable | 17,621 |  |  | 2,603 |  |  | 44,788 |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | (66,264 | ) |  | — |
Other noncurrent liabilities | — |  |  | 327 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 396 |  |  | — |  |  | 934 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 17,621 |  |  | 9,505 |  |  | 46,927 |  |  | 2,976 |  |  | (67,036 | ) |  | 9,993 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eaton shareholders' equity | 14,897 |  |  | 11,439 |  |  | 40,387 |  |  | 80,285 |  |  | (132,111 | ) |  | 14,897 |
Noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 44 |
Total equity | 14,897 |  |  | 11,439 |  |  | 40,387 |  |  | 80,323 |  |  | (132,105 | ) |  | 14,941 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 32,801 |  |  | $ | 27,125 |  |  | $ | 91,334 |  |  | $ | 86,917 |  |  | $ | (207,758 | ) |  | $ | 30,419 |

23

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 528 |  |  | $ | (296 | ) |  | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | 2,365 |  |  | $ | (1,612 | ) |  | $ | 1,787 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment | — |  |  | (63 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | (213 | ) |  | — |  |  | (351 | )
Cash received from sales (paid for acquisitions) of affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | (92 | ) |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchases of short-term investments - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (621 | ) |  | — |  |  | (621 | )
Investments in affiliates | (90 | ) |  | (108 | ) |  | — |  |  | (90 | ) |  | 288 |  |  | — |
Return of investments in affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | (20 | ) |  | — |
Loans to affiliates | — |  |  | (29 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,754 | ) |  | 4,783 |  |  | — |
Repayments of loans from affiliates | — |  |  | 303 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 3,816 |  |  | (4,165 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from sale of business | — |  |  | 330 |  |  | — |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |
Other - net | — |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | — |  |  | (63 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (90 | ) |  | 397 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | (1,529 | ) |  | 886 |  |  | (435 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Payments on borrowings | — |  |  | (250 | ) |  | (297 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (553 | )
Proceeds from borrowings from affiliates | 1,917 |  |  | 1,873 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (4,783 | ) |  | — |
Payments on borrowings from affiliates | (822 | ) |  | (2,904 | ) |  | (352 | ) |  | (87 | ) |  | 4,165 |  |  | — |
Capital contributions from affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  | 198 |  |  | (288 | ) |  | — |
Return of capital to affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | — |
Other intercompany financing activities | — |  |  | 287 |  |  | (290 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash dividends paid | (803 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (803 | )
Cash dividends paid to affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | (803 | ) |  | (809 | ) |  | 1,612 |  |  | — |
Exercise of employee stock options | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |
Repurchase of shares | (789 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (789 | )
Employee taxes paid from shares withheld | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21 | )
Other - net | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (438 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (692 | ) |  | (699 | ) |  | 726 |  |  | (1,115 | )
Effect of currency on cash | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Total increase (decrease) in cash | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 148 |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |
Cash at the beginning of the period | 1 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 446 |  |  | — |  |  | 543 |
Cash at the end of the period | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 594 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 791 |

24

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
| Eaton Corporation plc |  | Eaton Corporation |  | Guarantors |  | Other subsidiaries |  | Consolidating adjustments |  | Total
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (158 | ) |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | (285 | ) |  | $ | 2,392 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,932 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment | — |  |  | (62 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | (209 | ) |  | — |  |  | (346 | )
Cash received from acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Sales (purchases) of short-term investments - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (31 | ) |  | — |  |  | (29 | )
Investments in affiliates | (1,250 | ) |  | — |  |  | (120 | ) |  | (1,370 | ) |  | 2,740 |  |  | — |
Return of investments in affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | (47 | ) |  | — |
Loans to affiliates | — |  |  | (287 | ) |  | (655 | ) |  | (6,457 | ) |  | 7,399 |  |  | — |
Repayments of loans from affiliates | — |  |  | 1,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,501 |  |  | (5,789 | ) |  | — |
Other - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | (27 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (1,250 | ) |  | 939 |  |  | (770 | ) |  | (3,593 | ) |  | 4,303 |  |  | (371 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 611 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 633 |
Payments on borrowings | — |  |  | (408 | ) |  | (240 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | — |  |  | (666 | )
Proceeds from borrowings from affiliates | 3,333 |  |  | 2,815 |  |  | 1,059 |  |  | 192 |  |  | (7,399 | ) |  | — |
Payments on borrowings from affiliates | (637 | ) |  | (3,453 | ) |  | (1,658 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | 5,789 |  |  | — |
Capital contributions from affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,370 |  |  | 1,370 |  |  | (2,740 | ) |  | — |
Return of capital to affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47 | ) |  | 47 |  |  | — |
Other intercompany financing activities | — |  |  | 158 |  |  | (81 | ) |  | (77 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash dividends paid | (780 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (780 | )
Exercise of employee stock options | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |
Repurchase of shares | (567 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (567 | )
Employee taxes paid from shares withheld | — |  |  | (12 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (18 | )
Other - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 1,409 |  |  | (878 | ) |  | 1,054 |  |  | 1,375 |  |  | (4,303 | ) |  | (1,343 | )
Effect of currency on cash | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Total increase (decrease) in cash | 1 |  |  | 44 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 182 |  |  | — |  |  | 226 |
Cash at the beginning of the period | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 235 |  |  | — |  |  | 268 |
Cash at the end of the period | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 494 |

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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Amounts are in millions of dollars or shares unless indicated otherwise (per share data assume dilution).
COMPANY OVERVIEW
Eaton Corporation plc (Eaton or the Company) is a power management company with 2016 net sales of $19.7 billion. The Company provides energy-efficient solutions that help its customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic, and mechanical power more efficiently, safely, and sustainably. Eaton has approximately 96,000 employees in over 60 countries and sells products to customers in more than 175 countries.
Summary of Results of Operations
A summary of Eaton’s Net sales, Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders, and Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders - diluted follows:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales | $ | 5,211 |  |  | $ | 4,987 |  |  | $ | 15,191 |  |  | $ | 14,880 |
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | 1,399 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 2,346 |  |  | 1,418 |
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders - diluted | $ | 3.14 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | $ | 3.09 |

On July 31, 2017, Eaton sold a 50% interest in its heavy-duty and medium-duty commercial vehicle automated transmission business for $600 in cash to Cummins, Inc. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $1,077, of which $533 related to the pre-tax gain from the $600 proceeds from the sale and $544 related to the Company’s remaining 50% investment in the joint venture being remeasured to fair value. The after-tax gain was $843. Eaton will account for its investment on the equity method of accounting.
During 2015, Eaton announced a multi-year restructuring initiative to reduce its cost structure and gain efficiencies in all business segments and at corporate in order to respond to declining market conditions. Restructuring charges in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 were $22 and $75, respectively, and were $23 and $121 in 2016, respectively. Charges from this initiative are primarily comprised of severance costs. Restructuring charges are anticipated to be $100 in 2017 and incremental savings in 2017 are anticipated to be $155.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following discussion of Consolidated Financial Results and Business Segment Results of Operations includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. These financial measures include operating earnings, operating earnings per ordinary share, and operating profit before acquisition integration charges for each business segment as well as corporate, each of which differs from the most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). A reconciliation of operating earnings and operating earnings per ordinary share to the most directly comparable GAAP measure is included in the table below. Operating profit before acquisition integration charges is reconciled in the discussion of the operating results of each business segment, and excludes acquisition integration expense related to integration of Ephesus Lighting, Inc. in 2017 and 2016 and Oxalis Group Ltd. in 2016. Management believes that these financial measures are useful to investors because they exclude certain transactions, allowing investors to more easily compare Eaton’s financial performance period to period. Management uses this information in monitoring and evaluating the on-going performance of Eaton and each business segment. For additional information on acquisition integration charges, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Consolidated Financial Results

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease) |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease)
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Net sales | $ | 5,211 |  |  | $ | 4,987 |  |  | 4.5 | % |  | $ | 15,191 |  |  | $ | 14,880 |  |  | 2 | %
Gross profit | 1,742 |  |  | 1,616 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 4,962 |  |  | 4,799 |  |  | 3 | %
Percent of net sales | 33.4 | % |  | 32.4 | % |  |  |  | 32.7 | % |  | 32.3 | % |  |
Income before income taxes | 1,691 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 195 | % |  | 2,725 |  |  | 1,568 |  |  | 74 | %
Net income | 1,399 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 168 | % |  | 2,347 |  |  | 1,417 |  |  | 66 | %
Less net loss (income) for noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  |
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders | 1,399 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 167 | % |  | 2,346 |  |  | 1,418 |  |  | 65 | %
Excluding acquisition integration charges, after-tax (Note 3) | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Operating earnings | $ | 1,400 |  |  | $ | 524 |  |  | 167 | % |  | $ | 2,348 |  |  | $ | 1,420 |  |  | 65 | %
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders - diluted | $ | 3.14 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | 173 | % |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  | 69 | %
Excluding per share impact of acquisition integration charges, after-tax (Note 3) | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Operating earnings per ordinary share | $ | 3.14 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | 173 | % |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  | 69 | %

Net Sales
Net sales increased 4.5% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 due to an increase of 3.5% in organic sales and an increase of 1% from the impact of positive currency translation. Net sales increased 2% in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 due to an increase of 2% in organic sales. The increase in organic sales in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to higher sales volumes in the Electrical Products, Hydraulics, and Vehicle business segments.
Gross Profit
Gross profit margin increased from 32.4% in the third quarter of 2016 to 33.4% in the third quarter of 2017, and from 32.3% in the first nine months of 2016 to 32.7% in the first nine months of 2017. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions, and lower restructuring charges, partially offset by commodity inflation and the impact of three recent hurricanes and the earthquake in Mexico City.
Income Taxes
The effective income tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was expense of 17.3% and 13.9%, respectively, compared to expense of 8.8% and 9.6% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2016. The tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 includes $234 of tax expense on the gain related to the Eaton Cummins joint venture transaction, which closed during the third quarter and is discussed in Note 2. Excluding the impact from the Eaton Cummins joint venture transaction, the effective income tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was expense of 9.5% and 8.8%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate in the third quarter of 2017 was due to greater levels of income in higher tax jurisdictions. The decrease in the effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2017 was due to the resolution of tax contingencies in lower tax jurisdictions and the excess tax benefits recognized for employee share-based payments pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-09 as discussed in Note 1.
Net Income
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders of $1,399 in the third quarter of 2017 increased 167% compared to Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders of $523 in the third quarter of 2016. Net income attributa ble to Eaton ordinary shareholders in the first nine months of 2017 w as $2,346, an increase of 65% compared t o $1,418 in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to the $843 after-tax gain from the sale of business discussed in Note 2, higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions, and lower restructuring charges, partially offset by a higher tax rate, commodity inflation, and the impact of three recent hurricanes and the earthquake in Mexico City.
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Net income per ordinary share in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 included $1.89 and $1.88, respectively, from the gain on the sale of business discussed in Note 2. Net income per ordinary share increased to $3.14 in the third quarter of 2017 compared to $1.15 in the third quarter of 2016. Net in come per ordinary share increased to $5.23 i n the first nine months of 2017 compared to $3.09 in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in the Net income per ordinary share in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was due to higher Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders and the Company's share repurchases over the past year.
Operating Earnings
Operating earnings of $1,400 in the third quarter of 2017 increased 167% compared to Operating earnings of $524 in the third quarter of 2016. Operating earnings in the first nine months of 2017 was $2,348, an increase of 65% compared to $1,420 in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in Operating earnings in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to higher Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders.
Operating earnings per ordinary share increased to $3.14 in the third quarter of 2017 compared to $1.15 in the third quarter of 2016. Operating earnings per ordinary share increased to $5.23 in the first nine months of 2017 compared to $3.09 in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in Operating earnings per ordinary share in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was due to higher Operating earnings and the impact of the Company's share repurchases over the past year.
Business Segment Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of Net sales, operating profit and operating margin by business segment, which includes a discussion of operating profit and operating profit margin before acquisition integration charges. For additional information related to acquisition integration charges, see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Electrical Products

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease) |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease)
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Net sales | $ | 1,857 |  |  | $ | 1,767 |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 5,371 |  |  | $ | 5,231 |  |  | 3 | %
Operating profit | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 924 |  |  | 4 | %
Operating margin | 18.6 | % |  | 18.7 | % |  |  |  | 17.8 | % |  | 17.7 | % |  |
Acquisition integration charges | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  |
Before acquisition integration charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating profit | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 960 |  |  | $ | 926 |  |  | 4 | %
Operating margin | 18.7 | % |  | 18.8 | % |  |  |  | 17.9 | % |  | 17.7 | % |  |

Net sales increased 5% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 due to an increase of 4% in organic sales and an increase of 1% from the impact of positive currency translation. Net sales increased 3% in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 due to an increase of 3% in organic sales. Organic sales growth in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was driven by growth in the Americas and Europe.
Operating margin decreased from 18.7% in the third quarter of 2016 to 18.6% in the third quarter of 2017 primarily due to the impact of recent natural disasters and commodity inflation, partially offset by higher sales volumes and savings from restructuring actions. Operating margin increased from 17.7% in the first nine months of 2016 to 17.8% in the first nine months of 2017 primarily due to higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions and lower restructuring charges, partially offset by commodity inflation and the impact of recent natural disasters.
Operating margin before acquisition integration charges decreased from 18.8% in the third quarter of 2016 to 18.7% in the third quarter of 2017 due to a decrease in operating margin. Operating margin before acquisition integration charges increased from 17.7% in the first nine months of 2016 to 17.9% in the first nine months of 2017 due to an increase in operating margin.
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Electrical Systems and Services

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease) |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease)
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Net sales | $ | 1,421 |  |  | $ | 1,436 |  |  | (1 | )% |  | $ | 4,168 |  |  | $ | 4,207 |  |  | (1 | )%
Operating profit | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | (1 | )% |  | $ | 545 |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | 2 | %
Operating margin | 13.8 | % |  | 13.7 | % |  |  |  | 13.1 | % |  | 12.7 | % |  |
Acquisition integration charges | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |
Before acquisition integration charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating profit | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | (1 | )% |  | $ | 545 |  |  | $ | 535 |  |  | 2 | %
Operating margin | 13.8 | % |  | 13.7 | % |  |  |  | 13.1 | % |  | 12.7 | % |  |

Net sales decreased 1% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 due to a decrease of 2% in organic sales, partially offset by an increase of 1% from the impact of positive currency translation. Net sales decreased 1% in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 due to a decrease of 1% in organic sales. The decrease in organic sales in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to softness in North American assembly markets.
Operating margin increased from 13.7% in the third quarter of 2016 to 13.8% in the third quarter of 2017. Operating margin increased from 12.7% in the first nine months of 2016 to 13.1% in the first nine months of 2017. These increases are primarily due to savings from restructuring actions and lower restructuring charges, partially offset by commodity inflation.
Operating margin before acquisition integration charges increased from 12.7% in the first nine months of 2016 to 13.1% in the first nine months of 2017 due to an increase in operating margin.
Hydraulics

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease) |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease)
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Net sales | $ | 634 |  |  | $ | 562 |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 1,854 |  |  | $ | 1,702 |  |  | 9 | %
Operating profit | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | 31 | % |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | 33 | %
Operating margin | 12.6 | % |  | 10.9 | % |  |  |  | 11.5 | % |  | 9.5 | % |  |

Net sales increased 13% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 due to an increase of 13% in organic sales. Net sales increased 9% in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 due to an increase of 10% in organic sales, partially offset by a decrease of 1% from the impact of negative currency translation. The increase in organic sales in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was due to strength in global OEM markets and distribution channels.
Operating margin increased from 10.9% in the third quarter of 2016 to 12.6% in the third quarter of 2017 primarily due to higher sales volumes partially offset by commodity inflation. Operating margin increased from 9.5% in the first nine months of 2016 to 11.5% in the first nine months of 2017 primarily due to higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions and lower restructuring charges, partially offset by commodity inflation.
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Aerospace

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease) |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease)
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Net sales | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 436 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 1,303 |  |  | $ | 1,328 |  |  | (2 | )%
Operating profit | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | (5 | )% |  | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | (3 | )%
Operating margin | 19.2 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  |  |  | 18.7 | % |  | 18.9 | % |  |

Net sales were flat in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 with no change in organic sales or currency translation. Net sales decreased 2% in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 due to a decrease of 1% in organic sales and a decrease of 1% from the impact of negative currency translation. The decrease in organic sales in the first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to lower sales in military aftermarket, business and regional jets, and lower cost reimbursements on certain engineering programs, partially offset by growth in commercial transports.
Operating margin decreased from 20.2% in the third quarter of 2016 to 19.2% in third quarter of 2017 primarily due to unfavorable product mix. Operating margin decreased from 18.9% in the first nine months of 2016 to 18.7% in the first nine months of 2017 primarily due to lower sales volumes and unfavorable product mix, partially offset by savings from restructuring actions.
Vehicle

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease) |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease)
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Net sales | $ | 861 |  |  | $ | 786 |  |  | 10 | % |  | $ | 2,495 |  |  | $ | 2,412 |  |  | 3 | %
Operating profit | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | 23 | % |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 377 |  |  | 5 | %
Operating margin | 17.4 | % |  | 15.5 | % |  |  |  | 15.9 | % |  | 15.6 | % |  |

Net sales increased 10% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 due to an increase of 9% in organic sales and an increase of 2% from the impact of positive currency translation, partially offset by a decrease of 1% from the sale of a business discussed in Note 2. The increase in organic sales in the third quarter of 2017 was driven by growth in all regions, with particular strength in the North American Class 8 truck market. Net sales increased 3% in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 due to an increase of 2% in organic sales and an increase of 1% from the impact of positive currency translation. The increase in organic sales in the first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to growth in North America.
Operating margin increased from 15.5% in the third quarter of 2016 to 17.4% in the third quarter of 2017 primarily due to higher sales volumes. Operating m ar gin increased from 15.6% in the first nine months of 2016 to 15.9% in the first nine months of 2017 primarily due to higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions and lower restructuring costs, partially offset by unfavorable product mix and commodity inflation.
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Corporate Expense (Income)

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease) |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Increase (decrease)
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Amortization of intangible assets | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | (1 | )% |  | $ | 288 |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | (3 | )%
Interest expense - net | 60 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 181 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 5 | %
Pension and other postretirement benefits expense | 16 |  |  | 18 |  |  | (11 | )% |  | 38 |  |  | 45 |  |  | (16 | )%
Gain on sale of business | (1,077 | ) |  | — |  |  | NM |  |  | (1,077 | ) |  | — |  |  | NM |
Other corporate expense - net | 68 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 36 | % |  | 202 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 23 | %
Total corporate expense (income) | $ | (835 | ) |  | $ | 226 |  |  | (469 | )% |  | $ | (368 | ) |  | $ | 679 |  |  | (154 | )%

Total corporate income was $835 in the third quarter of 2017 compared to corporate expense of $226 in the third quarter of 2016. Total corporate income was $368 in the first nine months of 2017 compared to corporate expense of $679 in the first nine months of 2016. The change in Total corporate expense (income) for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to a gain on sale of business discussed in Note 2, partially offset by an increase in other corporate expense - net driven by an increase to the LIFO inventory reserve and higher corporate restructuring expenses.
LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
Financial Condition and Liquidity
Eaton’s objective is to finance its business through operating cash flow and an appropriate mix of equity and long-term and short-term debt. By diversifying its debt maturity structure, Eaton reduces liquidity risk. The Company maintains access to the commercial paper markets through a $2,000 commercial paper program, which is supported by credit facilities in the aggregate principal amount of $2,000. There were no borrowings outstanding under these revolving credit facilities at September 30, 2017. Over the course of a year, cash, short-term investments and short-term debt may fluctuate in order to manage global liquidity. Eaton believes it has the operating flexibility, cash flow, cash and short-term investment balances, and access to capital markets in excess of the liquidity necessary to meet future operating needs of the business as well as scheduled payments of long-term debt.
On September 15, 2017, a subsidiary of Eaton issued senior notes (the Notes) with a face amount of $1,000. The Notes are comprised of two tranches of $700 and $300 which mature in 2027 and 2047, with interest payable semi-annually at a respective rate of 3.1% and 3.9%. The issuer received proceeds totaling $993 from the issuance, net of financing costs.
Eaton was in compliance with each of its debt covenants for all periods presented.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Operating Cash Flow
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,787 in the first nine months of 2017, a decrease of $145 in the source of cash compared to $1,932 in the first nine months of 2016. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2017 was driven by higher pension contributions, including $350 contributed to Eaton's U.S. qualified pension plans, partially offset by a lower increase in working capital.
Investing Cash Flow
Net cash used in investing activities was $435 in the first nine months of 2017, an increase in the use of cash of $64 compared to $371 in the first nine m onths of 2016. The increase in the use of cash was primarily driven by an increase in net purchases of short-term investments of $621 in 2017 compared to $29 in 2016, partially offset by proceeds of $600 from the sale of a business discussed in Note 2.
Financing Cash Flow
Net cash used in financing activities was $1,115 in the first nine months of 2017, a decrease of $228 in the use of cash compared to $1,343 in the first nine months of 2016. The decrease in the use of cash was primarily due to an increase of $367 in proceeds from borrowings which totaled $1,000 in 2017 and $633 in 2016, and a decrease of $113 in payments on borrowings which totaled $553 in 2017 and $666 in 2016. This was partially offset by a $222 increase in share repurchases during the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q Report contains forward-looking statements concerning expected pension contributions, anticipated stock repurchases, the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09, and the costs and benefits of restructuring actions, among other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future trends, plans, events, results of operations or financial condition, or state other information relating to Eaton, based on current beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. These statements should be used with caution and are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside Eaton’s control. The following factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements: unexpected results from the implementation of ASU 2014-09, unanticipated changes in the markets for the Company’s business segments; unanticipated downturns in business relationships with customers or their purchases from us; the potential effects on our businesses from natural disasters; the availability of credit to customers and suppliers; competitive pressures on sales and pricing; unanticipated changes in the cost of material and other production costs, or unexpected costs that cannot be recouped in product pricing; the introduction of competing technologies; unexpected technical or marketing difficulties; unexpected claims, charges, litigation or dispute resolutions; strikes or other labor unrest; the impact of acquisitions and divestitures; unanticipated difficulties integrating acquisitions; new laws and governmental regulations; interest rate changes; tax rate changes or exposure to additional income tax liability; stock market and currency fluctuations; war, civil or political unrest or terrorism; and unanticipated deterioration of economic and financial conditions in the United States and around the world. Eaton does not assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

There have been no material changes in exposures to market risk since December 31, 2016.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures - Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-15, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of Eaton’s management, including Craig Arnold - Principal Executive Officer; and Richard H. Fearon - Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that Eaton’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017.
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Eaton’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Eaton’s reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including Eaton’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
During the third quarter of 2017, there was no change in Eaton’s internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Information regarding the Company's current legal proceedings is presented in Note 8 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS.

“Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Eaton's 2016 Form 10-K includes a discussion of the Company's risk factors. There have been no material changes from the risk factors described in the 2016 Form 10-K.
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ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

(c) Issuer's Purchases of Equity Securities
During the third quarter of 2017, 4.4 million ordinary shares were repurchased in the open market at a total cost of $324 million. These shares were repurchased under the program approved by the Board on February 24, 2016. A summary of the shares repurchased in the third quarter of 2017 follows:

Month |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)
July |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,388 |
August |  | 4,415,144 |  |  | $ | 73.29 |  |  | 4,415,144 |  |  | $ | 1,064 |
September |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,064 |
Total |  | 4,415,144 |  |  | $ | 73.29 |  |  | 4,415,144 |  |  |

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION.

Disclosure Pursuant to Section 13r of the Exchange Act
Set forth below is a description of all matters reported by us pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 and Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. Concurrently with the filing of this Quarterly Report, we are filing a notice pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act that such matters have been disclosed in this Quarterly Report.
During the third quarter, certain of our wholly-owned non-U.S. subsidiaries sold various electrical products to customers in Iran. We received total revenue of approximately 1,015,072 Euros and realized net profits of approximately 282,649 Euros from the sales (approximately $1,197,983 and $333,581 in whole U.S. dollars, respectively). One or more of our non-U.S. subsidiaries intend to continue doing business in Iran under General License H in compliance with U.S. economic sanctions and export control laws, though the Company has no assets or employees in Iran.

ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS.

Exhibits — See Exhibit Index attached.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | EATON CORPORATION plc |
|  |  | Registrant |
Date: | October 31, 2017 | By: | /s/ Richard H. Fearon |
|  |  | Richard H. Fearon |
|  |  | Principal Financial Officer
|  |  | (On behalf of the registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)

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Eaton Corporation plc
Third Quarter 2017 Report on Form 10-Q
Exhibit Index

3 (i) |  | Certificate of Incorporation — Incorporated by reference to the Form S-8 filed November 30, 2012
3 (ii) |  | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation — Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2017
4.1 |  | Indenture dated as of November 20, 2012, among Turlock Corporation, the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Eaton Corporation plc's Form 8-K Current Report filed on November 26, 2012 (Commission File No. 333-182303))
4.2 |  | Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of November 30, 2012, among Eaton Corporation, the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the registrant's Form S-4 filed on September 6, 2013)
4.3 |  | Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of January 8, 2013, among Eaton Corporation, the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference Exhibit 4.3 of the registrant's Form S-4 filed on September 6, 2013)
4.4 |  | Pursuant to Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(4), Eaton agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon request, a copy of the instruments defining the rights of holders of its long-term debt other than those set forth in Exhibits 4.1-4.3 hereto
12 |  | Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges — Filed in conjunction with this Form 10-Q Report *
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer (Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)) — Filed in conjunction with this Form 10-Q Report *
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer (Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)) — Filed in conjunction with this Form 10-Q Report *
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer (Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) — Filed in conjunction with this Form 10-Q Report *
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer (Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) — Filed in conjunction with this Form 10-Q Report *
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document *
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document *
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document *
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Definition Document *
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document *
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document *

_______________________________

* |  | Submitted electronically herewith.

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
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