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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Operating activities    
Net income $ 487 $ 434
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities    
Depreciation and amortization 230 225
Deferred income taxes (12) (37)
Pension and other postretirement benefits expense 43 51
Contributions to pension plans (40) (128)
Contributions to other postretirement benefits plans (5) (6)
Changes in working capital (459) (166)
Other - net 95 90
Net cash provided by operating activities 339 463
Investing activities    
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment (131) (116)
Sales (purchases) of short-term investments - net 31 (93)
Other - net (37) (20)
Net cash used in investing activities (137) (229)
Financing activities    
Proceeds from borrowings 179 194
Payments on borrowings (33) (254)
Cash dividends paid (284) (263)
Exercise of employee stock options 19 38
Repurchase of shares (300) (255)
Employee taxes paid from shares withheld (23) (20)
Other - net (1) (3)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (443) (563)
Effect of currency on cash (3) 8
Total decrease in cash (244) (321)
Cash at the beginning of the period 561 543
Cash at the end of the period $ 317 $ 222