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Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Accounting standards define fair value based on an exit price model, establish a framework for measuring fair value where the Company’s assets and liabilities are required to be carried at fair value and provide for certain disclosures related to the valuation methods used within a valuation hierarchy as established within the accounting standards. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, or other observable characteristics for the asset or liability, including interest rates, yield curves and credit risks, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data through correlation. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. A summary of financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows ($ in millions):
| Year Ended December 31 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Market (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Investment in equity securities | 315 |  |  | 336 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 88 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cross-currency swap derivative contracts | 653 |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 653 |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale debt securities, which are included in other long-term assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, are measured at fair value using quoted prices reported by investment brokers and dealers based on the underlying terms of the security and comparison to similar securities traded on an active market. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, available-for-sale debt securities primarily included U.S. Treasury Notes and corporate debt securities. The Company’s investments in equity securities consist of investments in publicly traded equity securities and investments in non-marketable equity securities. The publicly traded securities are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as they are measured based on quotes in active markets. For the non-marketable equity securities, the Company estimates the fair value of the investments in equity securities based on the measurement alternative and adjusts for impairments and observable price changes with a same or similar security from the same issuer within net earnings (the “Fair Value Alternative”). The Company’s investments in these equity securities are not classified in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of these measurement methods. Additionally, the Company is a limited partner in partnerships that invest primarily in early-stage companies. While the partnerships record these investments at fair value, the Company’s investments in the partnerships are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are not subject to fair value measurement disclosures. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s equity method investments included investments in partnerships with a carrying value of approximately $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded net realized and unrealized losses of $271 million and net realized and unrealized gains of $401 million, respectively, related to changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments in equity securities and the Company’s equity in earnings of the partnerships that reflect the changes in fair value of the investments of the partnerships. Refer to Note 9 for additional information on gains and losses on the Company’s investments, including investments in the partnerships. The cross-currency swap derivative contracts are used to partially hedge the Company’s net investments in non-U.S. operations against adverse movements in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the Danish kroner, Japanese yen, euro and Swiss franc. The Company also uses cross-currency swap derivative contracts to hedge the exchange rate exposure from long-term debt issuances in a foreign currency other than the functional currency of the borrower. The cross-currency swap derivative contracts are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as they are measured using the income approach with the relevant interest rates and current foreign currency exchange rates and forward curves as inputs. Refer to Note 15 for additional information. Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s other financial instruments as of December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):
| 2022 |  | 2021
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Debt obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Long-term debt | 19,086 |  |  | 16,079 |  |  | 22,168 |  |  | 22,796 |
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, short and long-term borrowings were categorized as Level 1. The fair value of long-term borrowings was based on quoted market prices. The difference between the fair value and the carrying amounts of long-term borrowings is attributable to changes in market interest rates and/or the Company’s credit ratings subsequent to the incurrence of the borrowing. The fair values of borrowings with original maturities of one year or less, as well as cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, net and trade accounts payable generally approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Refer to Note 16 for information related to the fair value of the Company sponsored defined benefit pension plan assets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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