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Income Taxes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 29, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES The following table summarizes the Company’s effective tax rate:
| Three-Month Period Ended |  | Nine-Month Period Ended
| September 29, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | September 29, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
Effective tax rate | 19.2 | % |  | 18.6 | % |  | 19.7 | % |  | 18.4 | %
The Company operates globally, including in certain jurisdictions with lower tax rates than the United States (“U.S.”) federal statutory rate. Therefore, the impact of operating in such jurisdictions contributes to a lower effective tax rate compared to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate. The effective tax rate for the three-month period ended September 29, 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due to the geographic mix of earnings described above. Discrete tax benefits from excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation were offset by charges related to tax costs related to the separation of the Environmental & Applied Solutions business and changes in estimates associated with prior period uncertain tax positions. The effective tax rate for the nine-month period ended September 29, 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% principally due to the geographic mix of earnings described above, partially offset by net discrete tax charges of $13 million. Net discrete tax charges related primarily to tax costs related to the separation of the Environmental & Applied Solutions business, tax costs related to legal and operational actions taken to realign certain businesses and changes in estimates associated with prior period uncertain tax positions, partially offset by excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation and interest on prior year tax refunds. The net discrete charges increased the effective tax rate by 0.3% for the nine-month period ended September 29, 2023. The effective tax rate for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% principally due to the geographic mix of earnings described above and net discrete benefits of $3 million related primarily to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, partially offset by changes in estimates associated with prior period uncertain tax positions. The net discrete benefits reduced the effective tax rate by 0.2% for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% principally due the geographic mix of earnings described above and net discrete benefits of $52 million related primarily to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation and changes in estimates associated with prior period uncertain tax positions. The net discrete benefits reduced the effective tax rate by 0.9% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) proposed significant adjustments to the Company’s taxable income for the years 2016 through 2018 with respect to the deferral of tax on certain premium income related to the Company’s self-insurance programs. For income tax purposes, the recognition of premium income has been deferred in accordance with U.S. tax laws related to insurance. The IRS challenged the deferral of premium income for certain types of the Company’s self-insurance policies. The proposed adjustments would have increased the Company’s taxable income over the 2016 through 2018 periods by approximately $2.5 billion. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company settled these proposed adjustments with the IRS, although the audit is still open with respect to other matters for the 2016 through 2018 period. The impact of the settlement with respect to the Company’s self-insurance policies was not material to the Company’s financial statements, including cash flows and the effective tax rate. As the settlement with the IRS was specific to the audit period, the settlement does not preclude the IRS from proposing similar adjustments to the Company’s self-insurance programs with respect to periods subsequent to 2018. Management believes the positions the Company has taken in its U.S. tax returns are in accordance with the relevant tax laws. For a description of the Company’s significant tax matters, reference is made to the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and Note 7 thereto included in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report.

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