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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
-OR-

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission file number 001-33647
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
MercadoLibre, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware | 98-0212790
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

WTC Free Zone
Dr. Luis Bonavita 1294, Of. 1733, Tower II
Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(+598) 2-927-2770
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share |  | MELI |  | Nasdaq Global Select Market
2.375% Sustainability Notes due 2026 |  | MELI26 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
3.125% Notes due 2031 |  | MELI31 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
50,697,182 shares of the issuer’s common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of October 29, 2025.

Table of Contents
MERCADOLIBRE, INC.
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1 — UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 1
Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as o f September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 1
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 2
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 3
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 4
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 | 5
Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 7
ITEM 2 — MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 39
ITEM 3 — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 60
ITEM 4 — CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 63
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 63
ITEM 1 — LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 63
ITEM 1A — RISK FACTORS | 63
ITEM 2 — UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 64
ITEM 5 — OTHER INFORMATION | 64
ITEM 6 — EXHIBITS | 64
INDEX TO EXHIBITS | 65
SIGNATURES | 66

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc. - Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except par value) (Unaudited)

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,582 |  |  | $ | 2,635 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 6,617 |  |  | 2,064 |
Short-term investments | 3,715 |  |  | 4,485 |
Accounts receivable, net | 298 |  |  | 255 |
Credit card receivables and other means of payments, net | 6,648 |  |  | 5,288 |
Loans receivable, net of allowances of $2,762 and $1,630 | 7,810 |  |  | 4,716 |
Inventories | 532 |  |  | 296 |
Other assets | 593 |  |  | 403 |
Total current assets | 28,795 |  |  | 20,142 |
Non-current assets: |  |  |
Long-term investments | 1,336 |  |  | 1,203 |
Loans receivable, net of allowances of $68 and $48 | 382 |  |  | 179 |
Property and equipment, net | 2,058 |  |  | 1,380 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,042 |  |  | 1,098 |
Goodwill | 161 |  |  | 149 |
Intangible assets, net | 38 |  |  | 12 |
Intangible assets at fair value | 78 |  |  | 49 |
Deferred tax assets | 1,376 |  |  | 802 |
Other assets | 425 |  |  | 182 |
Total non-current assets | 7,896 |  |  | 5,054 |
Total assets | $ | 36,691 |  |  | $ | 25,196 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 4,053 |  |  | $ | 3,196 |
Funds payable to customers | 10,567 |  |  | 6,954 |
Amounts payable due to credit and debit card transactions | 2,943 |  |  | 1,923 |
Salaries and social security payable | 840 |  |  | 727 |
Taxes payable | 888 |  |  | 525 |
Loans payable and other financial liabilities | 4,431 |  |  | 2,828 |
Operating lease liabilities | 401 |  |  | 241 |
Other liabilities | 399 |  |  | 209 |
Total current liabilities | 24,522 |  |  | 16,603 |
Non-current liabilities: |  |  |
Amounts payable due to credit and debit card transactions | 116 |  |  | 41 |
Loans payable and other financial liabilities | 3,409 |  |  | 2,887 |
Operating lease liabilities | 1,636 |  |  | 894 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 341 |  |  | 204 |
Other liabilities | 449 |  |  | 216 |
Total non-current liabilities | 5,951 |  |  | 4,242 |
Total liabilities | $ | 30,473 |  |  | $ | 20,845 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 110,000,000 shares authorized, 50,697,182 and 50,697,375 shares issued and outstanding | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,771 |  |  | 1,770 |
Treasury stock, 225,931 and 225,474 shares | (312) |  |  | (311) |
Retained earnings | 5,250 |  |  | 3,812 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (491) |  |  | (920) |
Total equity | 6,218 |  |  | 4,351 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 36,691 |  |  | $ | 25,196 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
1 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except for share data)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net service revenues and financial income | $ | 17,760 |  |  | $ | 13,307 |  |  | $ | 6,476 |  |  | $ | 4,760 |
Net product revenues | 2,374 |  |  | 1,411 |  |  | 933 |  |  | 552 |
Net revenues and financial income | 20,134 |  |  | 14,718 |  |  | 7,409 |  |  | 5,312 |
Cost of net revenues and financial expenses | (11,060) |  |  | (7,890) |  |  | (4,200) |  |  | (2,873) |
Gross profit | 9,074 |  |  | 6,828 |  |  | 3,209 |  |  | 2,439 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and technology development | (1,685) |  |  | (1,422) |  |  | (567) |  |  | (504) |
Sales and marketing | (2,183) |  |  | (1,555) |  |  | (833) |  |  | (566) |
Provision for doubtful accounts | (2,108) |  |  | (1,331) |  |  | (815) |  |  | (507) |
General and administrative | (786) |  |  | (709) |  |  | (270) |  |  | (305) |
Total operating expenses | (6,762) |  |  | (5,017) |  |  | (2,485) |  |  | (1,882) |
Income from operations | 2,312 |  |  | 1,811 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 557 |
Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and other financial gains | 130 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 43 |
Interest expense and other financial losses | (110) |  |  | (117) |  |  | (35) |  |  | (40) |
Foreign currency losses, net | (274) |  |  | (132) |  |  | (102) |  |  | (40) |
Net income before income tax expense | 2,058 |  |  | 1,669 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 520 |
Income tax expense | (620) |  |  | (397) |  |  | (215) |  |  | (123) |
Net income | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 397 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Basic earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic net income available to shareholders per common share | $ | 28.37 |  |  | $ | 25.09 |  |  | $ | 8.32 |  |  | $ | 7.83 |
Weighted average of outstanding common shares | 50,697,338 |  | 50,697,442 |  | 50,697,265 |  | 50,697,438
Diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net income available to shareholders per common share | $ | 28.37 |  |  | $ | 25.09 |  |  | $ | 8.32 |  |  | $ | 7.83 |
Weighted average of outstanding common shares | 50,697,344 |  | 50,697,442 |  | 50,697,284 |  | 50,697,438

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net income | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 397 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment | 464 |  |  | (350) |  |  | 93 |  |  | (52) |
Unrealized gains on investments | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |
Tax expense on unrealized gains on investments | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Unrealized (losses) gains on hedging activities | (68) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (26) |  |  | (3) |
Tax benefit (expense) on unrealized (losses) gains on hedging activities | 17 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for (losses) gains on hedging activities included in cost of net revenues and financial expenses, Product and technology development expenses, interest expense and other financial losses and foreign currency losses, net | (15) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (12) |  |  | 3 |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for estimated tax benefit on unrealized gains (losses) | 3 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax | 429 |  |  | (340) |  |  | 84 |  |  | (51) |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 1,867 |  |  | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 346 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In millions of U.S. dollars and share data)
(Unaudited)

| Common stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2024 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | (311) |  |  | $ | 3,812 |  |  | $ | (920) |  |  | $ | 4,351 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 494 |  |  | — |  |  | 494 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 159 |  |  | 159 |
Balance as of March 31, 2025 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | (311) |  |  | $ | 4,306 |  |  | $ | (761) |  |  | $ | 5,004 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 523 |  |  | — |  |  | 523 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | 186 |
Balance as of June 30, 2025 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | (311) |  |  | $ | 4,829 |  |  | $ | (575) |  |  | $ | 5,713 |
Stock-based compensation — restricted shares issued | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Common Stock repurchased | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | (1) |  |  | — |  | — |  | (1) |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 421 |  | — |  | 421 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 84 |  | 84 |
Balance as of September 30, 2025 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,771 |  |  | $ | (312) |  |  | $ | 5,250 |  |  | $ | (491) |  |  | $ | 6,218 |

| Common stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | (310) |  |  | $ | 1,901 |  |  | $ | (290) |  |  | $ | 3,071 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 344 |  |  | — |  |  | 344 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | (25) |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | (310) |  |  | $ | 2,245 |  |  | $ | (315) |  |  | $ | 3,390 |
Common Stock repurchased | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 531 |  |  | — |  |  | 531 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (264) |  |  | (264) |
Balance as of June 30, 2024 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | (311) |  |  | $ | 2,776 |  |  | $ | (579) |  |  | $ | 3,656 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | (51) |  | (51) |
Balance as of September 30, 2024 | 50 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | (311) |  |  | $ | 3,173 |  |  | $ | (630) |  |  | $ | 4,002 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MercadoLibre, In c. - Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Cash flows from operations: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Unrealized foreign currency losses, net | 297 |  |  | 176 |
Depreciation and amortization | 580 |  |  | 465 |
Accrued interest and financial income | (850) |  |  | (287) |
Non cash interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs and other charges | 271 |  |  | (33) |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 2,108 |  |  | 1,331 |
Provision for contingencies | 71 |  |  | 111 |
Results on derivative instruments | 96 |  |  | (18) |
Results on digital assets at fair value | (13) |  |  | (10) |
Long term retention program (“LTRP”) accrued compensation | 252 |  |  | 210 |
Deferred income taxes | (310) |  |  | (167) |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (44) |  |  | (94) |
Credit card receivables and other means of payments | (1,059) |  |  | (1,421) |
Inventories | (187) |  |  | (110) |
Other assets | (234) |  |  | (270) |
Payables and accrued expenses | 718 |  |  | 957 |
Funds payable to customers | 2,607 |  |  | 1,880 |
Amounts payable due to credit and debit card transactions | 766 |  |  | 761 |
Other liabilities | 256 |  |  | 202 |
Operating lease liabilities | (276) |  |  | (131) |
Interest received from investments | 420 |  |  | 170 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 6,907 |  |  | 4,994 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of investments | (9,883) |  |  | (12,383) |
Proceeds from sale and maturity of investments | 11,242 |  |  | 10,089 |
Receipts from settlements of derivative instruments | 3 |  |  | 18 |
Payments from settlements of derivative instruments | (38) |  |  | (12) |
Changes in loans receivable, net | (4,586) |  |  | (3,316) |
Investments in property and equipment, intangible assets and intangible assets at fair value | (916) |  |  | (555) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (4,178) |  |  | (6,159) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from loans payable and other financial liabilities | 30,703 |  |  | 12,575 |
Payments on loans payable and other financing liabilities | (29,140) |  |  | (11,334) |
Payments of finance lease liabilities | (40) |  |  | (38) |
Common Stock repurchased | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,522 |  |  | 1,202 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents | 249 |  |  | (407) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents | 4,500 |  |  | (370) |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period | 4,699 |  |  | 3,848 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of the period | $ | 9,199 |  |  | $ | 3,478 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MercadoLibre, Inc. - Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Non-cash transactions: |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained under operating leases | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 257 |
Property and equipment obtained under finance leases | 9 |  |  | 13 |
Investments in intangible assets not paid | 23 |  | — |

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS
MercadoLibre, Inc. (“MercadoLibre,” and together with its consolidated entities, the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware, in the United States of America (“U.S.”), in October 1999. MercadoLibre is the largest online commerce and fintech ecosystem in Latin America. The Company’s ecosystem provides consumers and merchants with a complete portfolio of services to enable buying and selling online and processing payments online and offline, as well as offers a wide array of simple day-to-day financial services.
The Company enables commerce through its marketplace platform, which allows users to buy and sell in most of Latin America. Through Mercado Pago, the fintech platform, MercadoLibre offers a comprehensive set of financial technology services to users of its e-commerce platform, and to users outside of its e-commerce platform. These services include loans and credit cards, yield on funds deposited into accounts, payments, savings, investments, insurtech, crypto buy, hold & sell and processing services for online, in-store and QR payments. Through Mercado Envios, MercadoLibre facilitates the shipping of goods from the Company and sellers to buyers. Mercado Ads facilitates advertising services for sellers and brands to promote their products and services within and outside the Company’s ecosystem. Mercado Shops allows users to set-up, manage, and promote their own online web-stores under a subscription-based business model.
As of September 30, 2025, MercadoLibre, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, operated online e-commerce platforms directed towards Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Uruguay, Bolivia, Guatemala, Paraguay and Venezuela. Additionally, MercadoLibre’s fintech platform, Mercado Pago, is present in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Uruguay and Ecuador.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and consolidated Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”). These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars, except for where otherwise indicated. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated for consolidation purposes.
Substantially all net revenues and financial income, cost of net revenues and financial expenses and operating expenses, are generated in the Company’s foreign operations. Long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill and operating lease right-of-use assets located in the foreign jurisdictions totaled $4,293 million and $2,632 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the Company’s consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company’s consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income and equity for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments that Management believes are necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position, operating results and cash flows.
Because all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements are not included herein, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (the “Company’s 2024 10-K”). The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. The interim condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for the periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of results expected for any future period. For a more detailed discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to the financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, there were no material updates made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.
Use of estimates
The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, accounting and disclosures for allowance for doubtful accounts and chargeback provisions, inventories valuation reserves, recoverability of goodwill, intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and deferred tax assets, impairment of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, impairment of long-lived assets, separation of lease and non lease components for aircraft leases, asset retirement obligation, compensation costs relating to the Company’s long term retention program, fair value of certain loans payable and other financial liabilities, fair value of loans receivable, fair value of derivative instruments, income taxes, contingencies and determination of the incremental borrowing rate at commencement date of lease operating agreements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Supplier finance programs
The Company and certain financial institutions participate in a supplier finance program that enables certain of the Company’s suppliers, at their own election, to request the payment of their invoices to the financial institutions earlier than the terms stated in the Company’s payment policy. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the obligations outstanding that the Company has confirmed as valid to the financial institutions amounted to $568 million and $425 million, respectively.
For further information related to Supplier Finance Programs please refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
Revenue recognition
Revenue recognition criteria for the services provided and goods sold by the Company are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
The aggregate gain included in “Financial services and income” revenues arising from financing transactions and sales of financial assets, net of the costs recognized on sale of credit card receivables, is $1,641 million and $572 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $1,274 million and $439 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Revenues recognized under ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, amounted to $14,199 million and $5,205 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $10,701 million and $3,895 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenues not recognized under ASC 606 amounted to $5,935 million and $2,204 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $4,017 million and $1,417 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Contract balances
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Receivables represent amounts invoiced and revenue recognized prior to invoicing when the Company has satisfied the performance obligation and has the unconditional right to payment. Accounts receivable and credit card receivables and other means of payments are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts and chargebacks of $63 million and $42 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. See Note 5 – Loans receivable, Net of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for information related to the allowance for doubtful accounts with respect to the Company’s loans receivable.
Contract liabilities from contracts with customers consist of fees received related to unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the period in accordance with ASC 606. Due to the generally short-term duration of contracts, the majority of the performance obligations are satisfied in the following months. Contract liabilities from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2024 was $77 million, of which $75 million was recognized as revenue during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025.
As of September 30, 2025, total contract liabilities from contracts with customers recognized within current other liabilities was $101 million, mainly due to fees related to classified advertising services billed, subscriptions and loyalty programs, shipping services and inventory sales that are expected to be recognized as revenue in the coming months.
Foreign currency translation
All of the Company’s foreign operations have determined the local currency to be their functional currency, except for Argentina, which has used the U.S. dollar as its functional currency since July 1, 2018. Accordingly, the foreign subsidiaries with local currency as functional currency translate assets and liabilities from their local currencies into U.S. dollars by using period-end exchange rates while income and expense accounts are translated at the average monthly rates in effect during the period, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during the period, in which case the exchange rates at the date of the transaction are used. The resulting translation adjustment is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in non-functional currencies are recognized in earnings. Net foreign currency transaction results are included in the interim condensed consolidated statements of income under the caption “Foreign currency losses, net.”
Argentine currency status and macroeconomic outlook
As of July 1, 2018, the Company transitioned its Argentine operations to highly inflationary status in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and changed the functional currency for Argentine subsidiaries from Argentine Pesos to U.S. dollars, which is the functional currency of their immediate parent company. Argentina’s inflation rate for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 22.0% and 6.0%, and 101.6% and 12.1%, respectively. Additionally, Argentina’s average inter-annual inflation rate for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 was 48.8% and 34.0%.
8 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The Company uses Argentina’s official exchange rate to account for transactions in the Argentine segment, which as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 1,380.00 and 1,032.00 Argentine Pesos, respectively, against the U.S. dollar. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Argentina’s official exchange rate against the U.S. dollar increased 33.7% and 20.0%, respectively. The average exchange rate for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 1,333.04 and 942.67, respectively, resulting in an increase of 41.4%. The average exchange rate for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 1,180.36 and 887.76, respectively, resulting in an increase of 33.0%.
Argentine exchange regulations
In the second half of 2019, the Argentine government instituted exchange controls restricting the ability of companies and individuals to exchange Argentine Pesos for foreign currencies and their ability to remit foreign currency out of Argentina. An entity’s authorization request to the Central Bank of Argentina (“CBA”) to access the official exchange market to make foreign currency payments may be denied depending on the circumstances. As a result of these exchange controls, markets in Argentina developed trading mechanisms, in which an entity or individual buys U.S. dollar denominated securities in Argentina (i.e. shares, sovereign debt) using Argentine Pesos, and subsequently sells the securities for U.S. dollars, in Argentina, to access U.S. dollars locally, or outside Argentina, by transferring the securities abroad, prior to being sold (the latter commonly known as “Blue Chip Swap Rate”). The Blue Chip Swap Rate diverged from Argentina’s official exchange rate (commonly known as the exchange spread). As of December 31, 2024, the exchange spread was 14.7%.
On April 11, 2025, the Argentine government announced a series of measures aimed at easing regulations related to access to the foreign exchange market. Among other modifications, these measures include the establishment of floating bands (between 1,000 and 1,400 Argentine Pesos), which diverge 1% per month, within which the dollar exchange rate in the foreign exchange market may fluctuate, the elimination of foreign exchange restrictions applicable to individuals, the ability of companies to transfer dividends abroad to non-resident shareholders related to fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025 and provide greater flexibility to make payments abroad for imports of goods and services.
On September 26, 2025, the CBA imposed a restriction that prohibits purchasing securities on the Argentina Stock Market that are to be settled in foreign currency for a period of 90 days following the purchase of foreign currency in the official exchange market. As of September 30, 2025, the spread between the official exchange rate and the Blue Chip Swap Rate was 11.7%.
Income taxes
Income taxes’ accounting policy is described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
The Company’s consolidated estimated effective tax rate for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, increased from 23.8% and 23.7% to 30.1% and 33.8%, respectively, mainly as a result of lower deductions related to tax inflation adjustments in Argentina.
A valuation allowance is recorded when, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets will not be realized. In accordance with ASC 740, Management periodically assesses the need to either establish or reverse a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets considering positive and negative objective evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. In its assessment, Management considers, among other factors, the nature, frequency and magnitude of current and cumulative losses on an individual subsidiary basis, projections of future taxable income, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, as well as feasible tax planning strategies, which would be employed by the Company to prevent tax loss carry-forwards from expiring unutilized.
Knowledge-based economy promotional regime in Argentina
In August 2021, the Under Secretariat of Knowledge Economy issued the Disposition 316/2021 approving MercadoLibre S.R.L.’s application for eligibility under the knowledge-based economy promotional regime, established by the Law No. 27,506 and complemented by Argentina’s Executive Power Decree No. 1034/2020, Argentina’s Ministry of Productive Development’s Resolution No. 4/2021 and the Under Secretariat of Knowledge Economy’s Disposition No. 11/2021. Based on the promotional regime, companies that meet specified criteria shall be entitled to: i) a reduction of the income tax burden over the promoted activities for each fiscal year, ii) stability of the benefits established by the knowledge-based economy promotional regime, and iii) a tax credit bond on the Company’s contribution to the social security regime of every employee whose job is related to the promoted activities. On September 13, 2024, Argentina’s Secretariat of Entrepreneurs and Small and Medium Enterprises and Knowledge-Based Economy issued Resolution No. 267/2024, reducing the aggregate cap on base salaries used to calculate the tax credit bond to which companies that qualify for the regime are entitled; the tax credit bond represents 70% of the Company’s social security contributions for those employees whose jobs are related to the promoted activities, with a salary cap. MercadoLibre S.R.L. uses the tax credit bond to offset federal taxes.
As a result, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $50 million and $13 million, and $6 million and $1 million, during the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The aggregate per share effect of the income tax benefit amounted to $0.99 and $0.27, and $0.13 and $0.03, for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Furthermore, the Company recorded a social security benefit of $17 million and $3 million during the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $31 million during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a social security benefit of $11 million and a negative adjustment of $12 million due to the retrospective impact of the aforementioned Resolution 267/2024.
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Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

One Big Beautiful Bill Act
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law. The OBBBA permanently establishes key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and also introduces modifications to certain international tax provisions. These provisions have various effective dates, some of which extend into 2027. The Company has completed its preliminary assessment and has determined that the OBBBA will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Fair value option applied to certain financial instruments
Under ASC 825, U.S. GAAP provides an option to elect fair value with impact on the statement of income as an alternative measurement for certain financial instruments and other items on the balance sheet.
The Company has elected to measure certain financial assets at fair value with impact on the statement of income for several reasons including to avoid the mismatch generated by the recognition of certain linked instruments / transactions, separately, in the interim condensed consolidated statements of income and interim condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and to better reflect the financial model applied for selected instruments. The Company’s election of the fair value option applies to: i) foreign government debt securities and ii) U.S. government debt securities.
Additionally, the Company has elected to measure the liability related to the Meli Dólar program, which corresponds to the holding by third-parties of the Company’s stablecoin, at fair value.
Earnings per share
For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, the weighted average of outstanding common shares for the diluted earnings per share includes the effect of 6 and 19 incremental shares related to the Independent Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, respectively.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
As of the date of issuance of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements there were no accounting pronouncements recently adopted by the Company.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued the Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in this update provide more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information, requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The other amendments in this update improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures by adding disclosures of pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) and removing disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial or relevant. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The guidance should be applied on a prospective basis while retrospective application is permitted. The Company will adopt this guidance in the fourth quarter of 2025 and provide the new disclosures that the adoption of this accounting pronouncement requires.
On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued the ASU 2024-03 “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” The amendments in this update improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of additional information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting, such as the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense caption; a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively; the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 (as clarified by ASU 2025-01). Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this update or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is assessing the effects that the adoption of this accounting pronouncement may have on its consolidated financial statements.
On July 30, 2025, the FASB issued the ASU 2025-05 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets.” The amendments in this update provide entities with a practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and/or current contract assets arising from transactions under Topic 606, including those assets acquired in a transaction accounted for under Topic 805, Business Combinations. In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses, all entities may elect a practical expedient that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual reporting periods in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The practical expedient, if elected, should be applied prospectively. The Company is assessing the effects that the adoption of this accounting pronouncement may have on its consolidated financial statements.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

On September 18, 2025, the FASB issued the ASU 2025-06 “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.” The amendments in this update remove all references to software development methods (prescriptive and sequential software development stages (referred to as “project stages”)) throughout Subtopic 350-40. Therefore, an entity is required to start capitalizing software costs when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The amendment specifies that the property, plant and equipment disclosure requirements under ASC 360-10 apply to all capitalized software costs accounted for under ASC 350-40, regardless of how the costs are presented in the financial statements. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The amendments can be applied on a prospective transition approach, a modified transition approach (based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption), or a retrospective transition approach. The Company is assessing the effects that the adoption of this accounting pronouncement may have on its consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3. FINTECH REGULATIONS
Regulations issued by the central banks and other regulators of the countries where the Company operates applicable to its fintech business are described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
Mexico
On March 27, 2025, MPFS, S. de R.L. de C.V. submitted to the National Banking and Securities Commission (“CNBV” according to its Spanish acronym) an authorization request to organize and operate as an investment funds management company through Mercado Pago Fondos, S.A. de C.V., Sociedad Operadora de Fondos de Inversión (a new subsidiary to be legally formed when the authorization request is approved). As of the date of this filing, this authorization is pending approval.
Argentina
On February 25, 2025, the Argentinian National Securities Commission (“CNV” according to its Spanish acronym) approved the registration of Mercado Pago Inversiones S.R.L. (“MPY”) as a Comprehensive Investment Fund Placement and Distribution Agent (ACDI). In addition, on the same day, the CNV approved the request made by Mercado Pago Asset Management S.A. (“MPA”) to replace Industrial Asset Management S.A. as management agent of “Mercado Fondo.”
Starting June 1, 2025, MPA took over from Industrial Asset Management S.A. as the management agent of “Mercado Fondo” mutual fund. In addition, starting June 2025, users who previously invested in “Mercado Fondo” investment fund through Banco Industrial S.A. started to invest through MPY. As of September 30, 2025, the assets under administration of MPA related to mutual funds amount to $3,477 million.
On September 30, 2025, MPA obtained the authorization of the CNV to convert its mutual fund “Mercado Fondo Ahorro” from a money market fund into a fixed income fund. Furthermore, on October 14, 2025, MPA was authorized to launch three new mutual funds, broadening its range of investment products: Mercado Fondo Acciones (variable income), Mercado Fondo Performance (mixed income) and Mercado Fondo International (fixed income in USD).
On June 17, 2025, Meli Participaciones, S.L. and Marketplace Investments, LLC filed an application with the CBA to obtain a banking license in Argentina. The application is currently under review, and the Company is actively engaged with the CBA to address its inquiries and provide requested clarifications.
In April 2025, Mercado Pago Servicios de Procesamiento S.R.L. (“MPSP”) created a global program for the issuance of debt securities. The maximum principal amount of the debt securities permitted to be outstanding at any one time under the program is $500 million (or its equivalent in other currencies and/or units of value or measure). In July 2025, MPSP was authorized by the CNV to issue debt securities under Argentina's public offering regime, and as result, is now regulated by the CNV.
Chile
In June 2025, Mercado Pago Operadora S.A. submitted an application to the Chilean Commission for the Financial Market (“CMF” according to its Spanish acronym) for registration to execute cross-border transactions. As of the date of this filing, this application is pending approval by the CMF.
On August 6, 2025, Mercado Pago Operadora S.A. submitted an additional request to the CMF for approval of the enhancement of the existing Prepaid Card Issuer License. The proposed upgrade entails the conversion of the current license into a consolidated Prepaid Card and Credit Card Issuer License. As of the date of this filing, this additional request is pending approval.
Uruguay
In August 2025, Mercado Pago Uruguay S.R.L. filed an application with the Central Bank of Uruguay to offer interest-bearing accounts, through a partner. As of the date of this filing, Mercado Pago Uruguay S.R.L. has provided all requested information. The authorization is pending approval by the Central Bank of Uruguay.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Bermuda
On July 17, 2025, the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”) granted Meli ISAC Ltd. and Meli ISA Ltd., two Bermudian subsidiaries of the Company, a Digital Asset Business license application to issue the Company’s stablecoin, Meli Dólar, which was conditional upon satisfying certain pre-commencement requirements that were completed in August 2025. Therefore, on August 18, 2025, the BMA issued the corresponding Class M Digital Asset Business licenses, thus authorizing Meli ISAC Ltd. to issue, sell or redeem digital assets, and authorizing Meli ISA Ltd. to operate as a digital assets service vendor.
On September 22, 2025, the migration of the Meli Dólar business from Uruguay to Bermuda was successfully completed under the Class M Digital Asset Business licenses and operations under this new regulatory framework commenced.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

NOTE 4. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS
The composition of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments is as follows:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Cash in bank accounts | $ | 1,320 |  |  | $ | 1,725 |
Money market | 684 |  |  | 572 |
Time deposits | 578 |  |  | 334 |
Foreign government debt securities | — |  |  | 4 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 2,582 |  |  | 2,635 |
Securitization transactions (1) | 408 |  |  | 492 |
Foreign government debt securities (Central Bank of Brazil mandatory guarantee) | — |  |  | 469 |
Cash in bank accounts (Central Bank of Brazil mandatory guarantee) | 4,964 |  |  | — |
Cash in bank accounts (Argentine Central Bank mandatory guarantee) | 308 |  |  | 471 |
Cash in bank accounts (Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission mandatory guarantee) | 19 |  |  | 149 |
Time deposits (Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission mandatory guarantee) | 591 |  |  | 297 |
Cash in bank accounts (Chilean Commission for the Financial Market mandatory guarantee) | 222 |  |  | 130 |
Time deposits (Chilean Commission for the Financial Market mandatory guarantee) | 35 |  |  | 39 |
Money market (Secured lines of credit guarantee) | — |  |  | 14 |
Time deposits (Central Bank of Uruguay mandatory guarantee) | — |  |  | 3 |
Money market (Central Bank of Uruguay mandatory guarantee) | 1 |  |  | — |
Foreign government debt securities (Central Bank of Uruguay mandatory guarantee) | 4 |  |  | — |
Money market (held for Meli Dólar holders) | 65 |  |  | — |
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents | 6,617 |  |  | 2,064 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents (2) | $ | 9,199 |  |  | $ | 4,699 |
U.S. government debt securities | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 619 |
Foreign government debt securities (3) | 2,165 |  |  | 3,619 |
Time deposits (4) | 316 |  |  | 160 |
Corporate debt securities (5) | 65 |  |  | 87 |
Total short-term investments | $ | 3,715 |  |  | $ | 4,485 |
U.S. government debt securities | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 468 |
Foreign government debt securities (5) (6) | 695 |  |  | 483 |
Securitization transactions (1) (7) | 8 |  |  | 12 |
Corporate debt securities | 228 |  |  | 175 |
Equity securities held at cost | 72 |  |  | 65 |
Total long-term investments | $ | 1,336 |  |  | $ | 1,203 |

(1) Cash, cash equivalents and investments from securitization transactions are restricted to the payment of amounts due to third-party investors.
(2) Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents as reported in the interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
(3) As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, includes $2,128 million and $3,370 million, respectively, considered restricted due to the Central Bank of Brazil's mandatory guarantee. Also, December 31, 2024, includes $5 million considered restricted, that guarantees a line of credit. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, includes $14 million and $17 million, respectively, considered restricted due to the Central Bank of Uruguay’s mandatory guarantee.
(4) As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, includes $77 million and $42 million, respectively, of collateral as part of credit card scheme arrangement rules in Brazil, and is considered restricted.
(5) Includes investments held by a consolidated VIE, in which the Company has determined that it has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, includes $400 million and $337 million of foreign government debt securities, respectively. Also, as of December 31, 2024, includes $1 million of corporate debt securities.
(6) As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, includes $7 million and $2 million, respectively, of foreign government debt securities considered restricted due to the Brazilian stock market's mandatory guarantee to operate with futures contracts.
(7) Corresponds to foreign government debt securities.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

NOTE 5. LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET
The Company classifies loans receivable as “Merchant,” “Consumer,” “Credit cards” and “Asset-backed.” As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the components of current and non-current Loans receivable, net were as follows:

| September 30, 2025
| Loans receivable |  | Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | Loans receivable, net
| (In millions)
Merchant | $ | 1,877 |  |  | $ | (668) |  |  | $ | 1,209 |
Consumer | 4,088 |  |  | (1,114) |  |  | 2,974 |
Credit cards | 4,803 |  |  | (1,032) |  |  | 3,771 |
Asset-backed | 254 |  |  | (16) |  |  | 238 |
Total | $ | 11,022 |  |  | $ | (2,830) |  |  | $ | 8,192 |

| December 31, 2024
| Loans receivable |  | Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | Loans receivable, net
| (In millions)
Merchant | $ | 1,205 |  |  | $ | (417) |  |  | $ | 788 |
Consumer | 2,591 |  |  | (696) |  |  | 1,895 |
Credit cards | 2,639 |  |  | (557) |  |  | 2,082 |
Asset-backed | 138 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 130 |
Total | $ | 6,573 |  |  | $ | (1,678) |  |  | $ | 4,895 |

The allowance for doubtful accounts with respect to the Company’s loans receivable amounts to $2,859 million and $1,708 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which includes $29 million and $30 million related to unused agreed loan commitment on credit cards portfolio presented in Other liabilities of the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company is exposed to off-balance sheet unused agreed loan commitment on credit cards portfolio which expose the Company to credit risks for $6,595 million and $2,872 million, respectively. For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized in Provision for doubtful accounts a gain of $5 million and a loss of $7 million as expected credit losses, and a loss of $9 million and $5 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
From time to time, the Company sells loans receivable related to its lending solution. In this regard, during 2024, the Company signed a contract with a third party to sell an amount up to $100 million of its loans receivable, as part of its funding strategy. These loans were originated by its Mexican subsidiary and provided to local users. This transaction was accounted for as a true sale and the Company has a continuing involvement related to a servicing fee charged to the purchaser for collection services and regarding a beneficial interest retained by the Company over the transferred assets. Such involvements did not preclude the fact that this operation qualified as a true sale because the purchaser had full control over the transferred assets. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 the Company sold $52 million of loans receivable and recorded a gain of $1 million, related to the aforementioned contract. As of December 31, 2024, the Company sold $44 million of loans receivable and no gains or losses were recorded in the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The following tables summarize the allowance for doubtful accounts activity during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| September 30, 2025
| Merchant |  | Consumer |  | Credit cards |  | Asset-backed |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | 696 |  |  | $ | 557 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1,678 |
Net charged to Net Income | 502 |  |  | 847 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2,092 |
Currency translation adjustments | 64 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 265 |
Write-offs (1) | (315) |  |  | (517) |  |  | (369) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (1,205) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 668 |  |  | $ | 1,114 |  |  | $ | 1,032 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 2,830 |

| September 30, 2024
| Merchant |  | Consumer |  | Credit cards |  | Asset-backed |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 256 |  |  | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,084 |
Net charged to Net Income | 328 |  |  | 569 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1,309 |
Currency translation adjustments | (20) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (39) |  |  | — |  |  | (96) |
Write-offs (1) | (171) |  |  | (398) |  |  | (116) |  |  | — |  |  | (685) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 393 |  |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 1,612 |

(1) The Company writes off loans when customer balance becomes 360 days past due.
The Company closely monitors credit quality for all loans receivable on a recurring basis to assess and manage its exposure to credit risk. To assess merchants and consumers seeking a loan under the lending solution, the Company uses, among other indicators, risk models internally developed, as a credit quality indicator to help predict the merchant’s and consumer’s ability to repay the principal balance and interest related to the credit. The risk model uses multiple variables as predictors of the merchant’s and consumer’s ability to repay the credit, including external and internal indicators. Internal indicators consider user behavior related to credit/payment history, and with lower weight in the risk models, the Company uses number of transactions in the Company’s ecosystem and merchant’s annual sales volume, among other indicators. In addition, the Company considers external bureau information to enhance the model and the decision making process.
The amortized cost of the loans receivable classified by the Company’s credit quality internal indicator was as follows:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
1-14 days past due | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | 125 |
15-30 days past due | 217 |  |  | 146 |
31-60 days past due | 281 |  |  | 175 |
61-90 days past due | 254 |  |  | 167 |
91-120 days past due | 259 |  |  | 178 |
121-150 days past due | 227 |  |  | 155 |
151-180 days past due | 236 |  |  | 138 |
181-210 days past due | 222 |  |  | 129 |
211-240 days past due | 238 |  |  | 118 |
241-270 days past due | 211 |  |  | 121 |
271-300 days past due | 183 |  |  | 109 |
301-330 days past due | 191 |  |  | 112 |
331-360 days past due | 168 |  |  | 90 |
Total past due | 3,006 |  |  | 1,763 |
To become due | 8,016 |  |  | 4,810 |
Total | $ | 11,022 |  |  | $ | 6,573 |

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, renegotiations represented 1.7% and 1.4% of the loans receivable portfolio, respectively.
NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill and intangible assets
The composition of goodwill and intangible assets is as follows:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Goodwill | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 149 |
Intangible assets with indefinite lives |  |  |
Trademarks | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Amortizable intangible assets |  |  |
Naming rights | 31 |  |  | — |
Licenses and others | 19 |  |  | 18 |
Non-compete agreements | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Customer lists | 15 |  |  | 14 |
Trademarks | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Hubs network | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Others | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Total intangible assets | 86 |  |  | 52 |
Accumulated amortization | (48) |  |  | (40) |
Total intangible assets, net | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 12 |

Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 are as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Other countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 149 |
Currency translation adjustments | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Balance, end of the period | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 161 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Other countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 163 |
Business acquisitions | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Currency translation adjustments | (14) |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (26) |
Balance, end of the year | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 149 |

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Intangible assets with finite useful life
Intangible assets with finite useful life are comprised of naming rights, customer lists, non-compete and non-solicitation agreements, hubs network, acquired software licenses and other acquired intangible assets including developed technologies and trademarks. Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 amounted to $6 million and $4 million, respectively, while aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $2 million and $2 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The following table summarizes the remaining amortization of intangible assets (in millions) with finite useful life as of September 30, 2025:

For year to be ended December 31, 2025 | $ | 4 |
For year to be ended December 31, 2026 | 8 |
For year to be ended December 31, 2027 | 7 |
For year to be ended December 31, 2028 | 7 |
Thereafter | 8 |
| $ | 34 |

NOTE 7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE
The following tables present the digital assets name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant digital asset holding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Digital asset name | September 30, 2025
Cost basis (1) | Fair value | Number of units held
| (In millions, except for number of units held)
Bitcoin | $ | 22 |  | $ | 65 |  | 570.4 |
Ether | 3 |  | 13 |  | 3,050.3 |

Digital asset name | December 31, 2024
Cost basis (1) | Fair value | Number of units held
| (In millions, except for number of units held)
Bitcoin | $ | 6 |  | $ | 39 |  | 412.7 |
Ether | 3 |  | 10 |  | 3,049.8 |

(1) Cost basis of the digital assets is net of $21 million of impairment losses recognized prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-08.
As of October 30, 2025, the Company sold all of its holding of Bitcoin and 3,021.55 units of Ether for a total amount of $74 million.
NOTE 8. SEGMENTS
The Company manages the business country-by-country to understand and focus on the specific needs and opportunities in those markets. The Company’s chief executive officer is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance and is therefore its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company’s segments include Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and other countries (which includes Bermuda, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay and the U.S.).
The CODM makes decisions considering all business lines within a country as whole, taking into account the synergies between the different lines in each of the countries’ integrated digital ecosystems.
The CODM evaluates the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on their direct contribution.
Direct contribution consists of net revenues and financial income from external customers less segment costs, which include expenses, such as shipping operation costs (including warehousing costs), carrier and other operating costs, provision for doubtful accounts, cost of goods sold, collection fees, funding cost, salaries and wages, marketing expenses and hosting expenses. All corporate related costs have been excluded from the segment’s direct contribution.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The following tables summarize the financial performance of the Company’s reporting segments:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Net service revenues and financial income | $ | 9,006 |  |  | $ | 3,878 |  |  | $ | 4,130 |  |  | $ | 746 |  |  | $ | 17,760 |
Net product revenues | 1,558 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 2,374 |
Net revenues and financial income | 10,564 |  |  | 4,379 |  |  | 4,350 |  |  | 841 |  |  | 20,134 |
Local operating expenses | (8,730) |  |  | (3,417) |  |  | (2,409) |  |  | (690) |  |  | (15,246) |
Depreciation and amortization | (276) |  |  | (172) |  |  | (60) |  |  | (35) |  |  | (543) |
Total segment costs | (9,006) |  |  | (3,589) |  |  | (2,469) |  |  | (725) |  |  | (15,789) |
Direct contribution | 1,558 |  |  | 790 |  |  | 1,881 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 4,345 |
Operating expenses and indirect costs of net revenues and financial expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,033) |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,312 |
Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and other financial gains |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 130 |
Interest expense and other financial losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (110) |
Foreign currency losses, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (274) |
Net income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,058 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Net service revenues and financial income | $ | 7,353 |  |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | 2,385 |  |  | $ | 569 |  |  | $ | 13,307 |
Net product revenues | 917 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 1,411 |
Net revenues and financial income | 8,270 |  |  | 3,317 |  |  | 2,511 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 14,718 |
Local operating expenses | (6,310) |  |  | (2,581) |  |  | (1,395) |  |  | (511) |  |  | (10,797) |
Depreciation and amortization | (218) |  |  | (126) |  |  | (54) |  |  | (32) |  |  | (430) |
Total segment costs | (6,528) |  |  | (2,707) |  |  | (1,449) |  |  | (543) |  |  | (11,227) |
Direct contribution | 1,742 |  |  | 610 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 3,491 |
Operating expenses and indirect costs of net revenues and financial expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,680) |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,811 |
Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and other financial gains |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 107 |
Interest expense and other financial losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (117) |
Foreign currency losses, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (132) |
Net income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,669 |

18 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Net service revenues and financial income | $ | 3,374 |  |  | $ | 1,460 |  |  | $ | 1,371 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 6,476 |
Net product revenues | 635 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 933 |
Net revenues and financial income | 4,009 |  |  | 1,651 |  |  | 1,441 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 7,409 |
Local operating expenses | (3,439) |  |  | (1,279) |  |  | (848) |  |  | (252) |  |  | (5,818) |
Depreciation and amortization | (95) |  |  | (67) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (13) |  |  | (196) |
Total segment costs | (3,534) |  |  | (1,346) |  |  | (869) |  |  | (265) |  |  | (6,014) |
Direct contribution | 475 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 1,395 |
Operating expenses and indirect costs of net revenues and financial expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (671) |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 724 |
Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and other financial gains |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49 |
Interest expense and other financial losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (35) |
Foreign currency losses, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (102) |
Net income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 636 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Net service revenues and financial income | $ | 2,548 |  |  | $ | 1,030 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | 4,760 |
Net product revenues | 365 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 552 |
Net revenues and financial income | 2,913 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 5,312 |
Local operating expenses | (2,334) |  |  | (914) |  |  | (557) |  |  | (179) |  |  | (3,984) |
Depreciation and amortization | (74) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (144) |
Total segment costs | (2,408) |  |  | (953) |  |  | (576) |  |  | (191) |  |  | (4,128) |
Direct contribution | 505 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 1,184 |
Operating expenses and indirect costs of net revenues and financial expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (627) |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 557 |
Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and other financial gains |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43 |
Interest expense and other financial losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40) |
Foreign currency losses, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40) |
Net income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 520 |

19 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The following table summarizes net revenues and financial income per reporting segment, which have been disaggregated by similar products and services for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries (6) |  | Total
| 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024
| (In millions)
Commerce services (1) | $ | 4,876 |  | $ | 4,176 |  |  | $ | 2,334 |  | $ | 1,864 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |  | $ | 795 |  |  | $ | 505 |  | $ | 396 |  |  | $ | 8,987 |  | $ | 7,231 |
Commerce product sales (2) | 1,536 |  | 897 |  |  | 485 |  | 306 |  |  | 217 |  | 123 |  |  | 91 |  | 48 |  |  | 2,329 |  | 1,374 |
Total commerce revenues | 6,412 |  | 5,073 |  |  | 2,819 |  | 2,170 |  |  | 1,489 |  | 918 |  |  | 596 |  | 444 |  |  | 11,316 |  | 8,605 |
Financial services and income (3) | 1,997 |  | 1,793 |  |  | 599 |  | 398 |  |  | 1,938 |  | 1,165 |  |  | 232 |  | 165 |  |  | 4,766 |  | 3,521 |
Credit revenues (4) | 2,133 |  | 1,384 |  |  | 945 |  | 738 |  |  | 920 |  | 425 |  |  | 9 |  | 8 |  |  | 4,007 |  | 2,555 |
Fintech product sales (5) | 22 |  | 20 |  |  | 16 |  | 11 |  |  | 3 |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  | 3 |  |  | 45 |  | 37 |
Total fintech revenues | 4,152 |  | 3,197 |  |  | 1,560 |  | 1,147 |  |  | 2,861 |  | 1,593 |  |  | 245 |  | 176 |  |  | 8,818 |  | 6,113 |
Total net revenues and financial income | $ | 10,564 |  | $ | 8,270 |  |  | $ | 4,379 |  | $ | 3,317 |  |  | $ | 4,350 |  | $ | 2,511 |  |  | $ | 841 |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 20,134 |  | $ | 14,718 |

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries (6) |  | Total
| 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024
| (In millions)
Commerce services (1) | $ | 1,789 |  | $ | 1,452 |  |  | $ | 864 |  | $ | 647 |  |  | $ | 426 |  | $ | 358 |  |  | $ | 179 |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 3,258 |  | $ | 2,601 |
Commerce product sales (2) | 627 |  | 357 |  |  | 185 |  | 111 |  |  | 69 |  | 53 |  |  | 35 |  | 17 |  |  | 916 |  | 538 |
Total commerce revenues | 2,416 |  | 1,809 |  |  | 1,049 |  | 758 |  |  | 495 |  | 411 |  |  | 214 |  | 161 |  |  | 4,174 |  | 3,139 |
Financial services and income (3) | 746 |  | 597 |  |  | 233 |  | 137 |  |  | 616 |  | 458 |  |  | 88 |  | 57 |  |  | 1,683 |  | 1,249 |
Credit revenues (4) | 839 |  | 499 |  |  | 363 |  | 246 |  |  | 329 |  | 163 |  |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  | 1,535 |  | 910 |
Fintech product sales (5) | 8 |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 17 |  | 14 |
Total fintech revenues | 1,593 |  | 1,104 |  |  | 602 |  | 387 |  |  | 946 |  | 622 |  |  | 94 |  | 60 |  |  | 3,235 |  | 2,173 |
Total net revenues and financial income | $ | 4,009 |  | $ | 2,913 |  |  | $ | 1,651 |  | $ | 1,145 |  |  | $ | 1,441 |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | 308 |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 7,409 |  | $ | 5,312 |

(1) Includes final value fees and flat fees paid by sellers derived from intermediation services and related shipping and storage fees, classified fees derived from classified advertising services and ad sales.
(2) Includes revenues from inventory sales and related shipping fees.
(3) Includes revenues from commissions the Company charges for transactions off-platform derived from use of the Company’s payment solution and asset management product, revenues as a result of offering installments for the payment to its Mercado Pago users, either when the Company finances the transactions directly or when the Company sells the corresponding financial assets, interest earned on cash and investments as part of Mercado Pago activities, including those required due to fintech regulations, net of interest gains pass through our Brazilian users in connection with our asset management product, Mercado Pago debit card commissions and insurtech fees.
(4) Includes interest earned on loans and advances granted to merchants and consumers, and interest and commissions earned on Mercado Pago credit card transactions.
(5) Includes sales of mobile point of sales devices.
(6) Revenues from external customers in the U.S. amounted to $33 million and $13 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $24 million and $11 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
20 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The following table summarizes the allocation of property and equipment, net based on geography:

| September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | U.S. |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Property and equipment | $ | 1,486 |  |  | $ | 1,145 |  |  | $ | 521 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 3,382 |
Accumulated depreciation | (614) |  |  | (356) |  |  | (237) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (110) |  |  | (1,324) |
Total property and equipment, net | $ | 872 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 2,058 |

| December 31, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | U.S. |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Property and equipment | $ | 1,078 |  |  | $ | 713 |  |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 2,413 |
Accumulated depreciation | (497) |  |  | (239) |  |  | (199) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (92) |  |  | (1,033) |
Total property and equipment, net | $ | 581 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 1,380 |

The following table summarizes the allocation of the operating lease right-of-use assets based on geography:

| September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | U.S. |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Right of use asset | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 1,194 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 2,567 |
Accumulated amortization | (231) |  |  | (206) |  |  | (41) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (46) |  |  | (525) |
Total right of use asset, net | $ | 860 |  |  | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 2,042 |

| December 31, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | U.S. |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Right of use asset | $ | 618 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 1,429 |
Accumulated amortization | (139) |  |  | (116) |  |  | (36) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (331) |
Total right of use asset, net | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |

The following table summarizes the allocation of the goodwill and intangible assets based on geography:

| September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | U.S. |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Intangible assets at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |
Goodwill and intangible assets | 105 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 247 |
Accumulated amortization | (10) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | (48) |
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 277 |

21 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

| December 31, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | U.S. |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Intangible assets at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 49 |
Goodwill and intangible assets | 64 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 201 |
Accumulated amortization | (6) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (23) |  |  | (40) |
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 210 |

22 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

NOTE 9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

| Balances as of September 30, 2025 |  | Quoted Prices in active markets for identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  | Balances as of December 31, 2024 |  | Quoted Prices in active markets for identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Unobservable inputs (Level 3)
| (In millions)
Cash and Cash Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 572 |  |  | $ | 572 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign government debt securities (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market (2) | 355 |  |  | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |  |  | 297 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign government debt securities (1) | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 469 |  |  | 469 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government debt securities (1) | 1,502 |  |  | 1,502 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign government debt securities (1) (3) | 2,868 |  |  | 2,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,114 |  |  | 4,114 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 293 |  |  | 293 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 262 |  |  | 262 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instruments | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |
Intangible assets at fair value | 78 |  |  | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Assets | $ | 5,823 |  |  | $ | 5,784 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,912 |  |  | $ | 6,854 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | — |
Salaries and social security payable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term retention program | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | — |
Other Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Meli Dólar liability (1) | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |
Derivative Instruments | 129 |  |  | — |  |  | 129 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |
Contingent consideration | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Total Liabilities | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 4 |

(1) Measured at fair value with impact on the statement of income for the application of the fair value option. (See Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies – Fair value option applied to certain financial instruments).
(2) As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, includes $289 million and $283 million, respectively, of money market funds from securitization transactions. (See Note 4 – Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments).
(3) As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, includes $8 million and $12 million, respectively, of investments from securitization transactions. (See Note 4 – Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments).
23 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis were valued using i) Level 1 inputs: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 instrument valuations are obtained from observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets in active markets); ii) Level 2 inputs: obtained from readily-available pricing sources for comparable instruments as well as instruments with inactive markets at the measurement date; and iii) Level 3 inputs: valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting Company’s assumptions. The unobservable inputs of the fair value of contingent considerations classified as Level 3 refer to the amounts to be paid according to the agreement of an acquisition, the likelihood of achievement of the targets included in that arrangement (expected to be 100%), and the Company’s historical experience with similar arrangements. Reasonable variation on those unobservable inputs would not significantly change the fair value of those instruments. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had not changed the methodology nor the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the financial instruments.
There were no transfers to and from Levels 1, 2 and 3 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, nor during the year ended December 31, 2024.
The Company’s election of the fair value option applies to: i) foreign government debt securities, ii) U.S. government debt securities and iii) Meli Dólar liability. The Company recognized fair value changes of foreign and U.S. government debt securities, which include the related interest income of those instruments, in net service revenues and financial income if it is related to Mercado Pago’s operations or in interest income and other financial gains if not. Such fair value changes and interest income amount to gains of $381 million and $120 million, and $224 million and $83 million in net service revenues and financial income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $64 million and $22 million, and $40 million and $18 million in interest income and other financial gains for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Meli Dólar liability has not presented changes in its fair value for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the cost of the Company’s investment in corporate debt securities classified as available for sale amounted to $288 million and $259 million, respectively, and the estimated fair value amounted to $293 million and $262 million, respectively. The cost of these securities is determined under a specific identification basis. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the gross unrealized gains accumulated amounted to $5 million and $3 million, respectively. For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the proceeds from sales of corporate debt securities amounted to $43 million, $6 million and $12 million and $9 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes the net carrying amount of the corporate debt securities classified as available for sale, classified by its contractual maturities:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
One year or less | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 87 |
One year to two years | 46 |  |  | 45 |
Two years to three years | 76 |  |  | 21 |
Three years to four years | 85 |  |  | 63 |
Four years to five years | 21 |  |  | 46 |
Total available for sale investments | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | 262 |

The following table summarizes the net carrying amount of the debt securities not classified as available for sale (U.S. and foreign government debt securities), classified by its contractual maturities or Management’s expectation to convert the investments into cash:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
One year or less | $ | 3,338 |  |  | $ | 4,711 |
One year to two years | 361 |  |  | 475 |
Two years to three years | 115 |  |  | 152 |
Three years to four years | 377 |  |  | 231 |
Four years to five years | 85 |  |  | 104 |
More than five years | 98 |  |  | 1 |
Total debt securities not classified as available for sale | $ | 4,374 |  |  | $ | 5,674 |

24 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Financial assets and liabilities not measured and recorded at fair value
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the financial assets and liabilities of the Company not measured at fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

| Balances as of September 30, 2025 |  | Estimated fair value as of September 30, 2025 |  | Balances as of December 31, 2024 |  | Estimated fair value as of December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,898 |  |  | $ | 1,898 |  |  | $ | 2,059 |  |  | $ | 2,059 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 6,258 |  |  | 6,258 |  |  | 1,298 |  |  | 1,298 |
Investments | 316 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 160 |
Accounts receivables, net | 298 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 255 |
Credit card receivables and other means of payment, net | 6,648 |  |  | 6,648 |  |  | 5,288 |  |  | 5,288 |
Loans receivable, net | 8,192 |  |  | 8,054 |  |  | 4,895 |  |  | 4,840 |
Other assets | 201 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 114 |
Total Assets | $ | 23,811 |  |  | $ | 23,673 |  |  | $ | 14,069 |  |  | $ | 14,014 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 4,053 |  |  | $ | 4,053 |  |  | $ | 3,196 |  |  | $ | 3,196 |
Funds payable to customers | 10,567 |  |  | 10,567 |  |  | 6,954 |  |  | 6,954 |
Amounts payable due to credit and debit card transactions | 3,059 |  |  | 3,059 |  |  | 1,964 |  |  | 1,964 |
Salaries and social security payable | 689 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 564 |
Loans payable and other financial liabilities | 7,728 |  |  | 7,687 |  |  | 5,593 |  |  | 5,499 |
Other liabilities | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 356 |
Total Liabilities | $ | 26,100 |  |  | $ | 26,059 |  |  | $ | 18,627 |  |  | $ | 18,533 |

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying value of the Company’s financial assets with determinable fair value (except for loans receivable) not measured at fair value approximated their fair value mainly because of their short-term maturity or because the effective interest rates are not materially different from market interest rates. If these financial assets were measured at fair value in the financial statements, cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents would be classified as Level 1 (where cost and fair value are aligned) and the remaining financial assets would be classified as Level 2. The estimated fair value of the loans receivable would be classified as Level 3 based on the Company’s assumptions.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying value of the Company’s financial liabilities (except for the 3.125% Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes”) and the 2.375% Sustainability Senior Notes Due 2026 (the "2026 Notes") as of December 31, 2024) not measured at fair value approximated their fair value mainly because of their short-term maturity or because the effective interest rates are not materially different from market interest rates. If these financial liabilities were measured at fair value in the financial statements, these would be classified as Level 2. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the 2031 Notes would be $496 million and $475 million, respectively, which is based on Level 2 inputs. As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes would have been $351 million, which is based on Level 2 inputs.
NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation and Other Legal Matters
The Company is subject to certain contingent liabilities with respect to existing or potential claims, lawsuits and other proceedings. The Company accrues liabilities when it considers that future costs will probably be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Proceeding-related liabilities are based on developments to date and historical information related to actions filed against the Company. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had accounted for estimated liabilities involving proceeding-related contingencies and other estimated contingencies of $177 million (net of judicial deposits) within non current other liabilities to cover legal actions against the Company for which Management has assessed the likelihood of a final adverse outcome as probable. Expected legal costs related to litigations are accrued when the legal service is actually provided.
In addition, as of September 30, 2025, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain legal actions considered by the Company’s Management and its legal counsels to be reasonably possible of resulting in a loss for an estimated aggregate amount up to $413 million. No loss amounts have been accrued for such reasonably possible legal actions.
25 | MercadoLibre, Inc.

Table of Contents
MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

For further information related to contingent liabilities please refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
Tax Claims
Withholding Tax in the Brazil-Argentina Double Taxation Treaty
The tax claim related to the withholding income tax (“IRRF”) over payments remitted by certain Brazilian subsidiaries to MercadoLibre S.R.L. for the provision of information technology support and assistance services is described in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
On September 6, 2025, the first instance of the Federal Justice rendered a judgment revoking the previously granted injunction that had recognized the right of collecting the withholding tax at a 10% rate (instead of 15%), and denying the requested writ of mandamus. The Company appealed this decision to the Federal Regional Court of the 3rd Region and submitted a request for interim relief on appeal aiming to maintain the suspension of tax enforceability. The Federal Regional Court of the 3rd Region denied the Company’s request. Therefore, on October 10, 2025, the Company deposited into court the amount arising from the difference in the withholding tax rate for $25 million from September 2024 onwards.
Management’s opinion, based on the opinion of external legal counsel, is that the risk of losing the case is probable based on the technical merits of the Company’s tax position and the existence of adverse decisions issued by the Superior Court of Justice. For that reason, the Company has recorded a provision for the disputed amounts, which was $501 million as of September 30, 2025, and which was recorded in non-current other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, net of the corresponding judicial deposits for $450 million (which includes $102 million of interest income).
Interstate rate of ICMS-DIFAL on interstate sales
Interstate rate of ICMS-DIFAL on interstate sales without Complementary Law
The writ of mandamus related to the interstate rate of ICMS-DIFAL (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias, Serviços de Transporte Interestadual, Intermunicipal e Comunicação on interstate sales at a differential rate) without the existence of a complementary law is described in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
In June 2025, the Superior Court of Justice ruled against the Company on the Special Appeal relating to one of the cases related to the Distrito Federal (where the risk of losing had been considered probable). In August 2025, the case became final and unappealable in favor of the State.
In July 2025, the case related to Goiás (where the risk of losing had been considered probable) became final and unappealable in favor of the Company. The case will be closed following withdrawal by the Company of the funds previously required to be deposited by the Company (which amount to less than $1 million as of September 30, 2025).
In September 2025, in the case related to Rio de Janeiro (where the risk of losing had been considered remote) the Company obtained a partially favorable second instance decision and filed a motion for clarification, which is still pending judgment.
The other cases pending as of December 31, 2024 had no updates during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025. The Company maintains a $2 million provision as of September 30, 2025 for the disputed amounts related to th e 3 ongoing cases where the risk of losing is considered by Management to be probable, based on the opinion of external legal counsel, which are presented net of the corresponding judicial deposits of $2 million.
Interstate rate of ICMS-DIFAL on interstate sales under Law No. 190/22
The writ of mandamus related to the interstate rate of ICMS-DIFAL under Supplementary Law No. 190/22 is described in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K. In 2022, the Company filed writs of mandamus in all 27 Federation States to prevent DIFAL collection by the Brazilian tax authorities. On November 29, 2023, the Brazilian Supreme Court (“STF”) ruled that Supplementary Law No. 190/22 was constitutional, making ICMS-DIFAL payable from of April 5, 2022 onwards (ninety days after the law came into effect). This decision was reached in a Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (ADI 7066) but is not yet final, as a motion for clarification filed on May 13, 2024 is still pending.
Management’s opinion as of September 30, 2025, based on the opinion of external legal counsel, is that the risk of losing the case is remote for the period between January 1, 2022 to April 4, 2022, and probable for the period between April 5, 2022 to December 31, 2022 based on the technical merits of the Company’s tax position. For that reason, the Company has not recorded any liability for the amounts in controversy related to the period through April 4, 2022, but has recorded liabilities for the amounts in controversy related to the period from April 5, 2022 to December 31, 2022 in an amount of $33 million as of September 30, 2025, which are presented net of the corresponding judicial deposits of $31 million.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

On October 21, 2025, in a leading case (Case 1266), the STF reaffirmed the ADI 7066 ruling but clarified that, exclusively for fiscal year 2022, DIFAL cannot be collected from taxpayers who had filed lawsuits challenging the tax by November 29, 2023 (as the Company did), and had not paid the tax that year. This decision from STF led to an update in the Company’s risk assessment for these cases, whose risk of losing had been considered probable and is now considered remote. Therefore, the Company will recognize a reversal on the $33 million provision during the three-month period ended December 31, 2025. The deposits will be withdrawn to the extent that the Courts provide authorization.
Exclusion of ICMS tax benefits from federal taxes base
The tax claims related to the exclusion of ICMS tax benefits from the tax base of the Corporate Income Tax (“IRPJ”) and of the Social Contribution on Net Profits (“CSLL”) and the federal contributions PIS and COFINS is described in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
On April 4, 2025, the case related to the exclusion of ICMS tax benefits in the tax base of IRPJ and CSLL prior to the enactment of Law 14,789 (up to December 2023), whose risk of losing was deemed not more likely than not, became final and unappealable in favor of the Company. The Company had recorded a corresponding income tax benefit arising from the ICMS tax incentives from September 2021 up to December 2023, which amounted to $39 million considering the exchange rate as of September 30, 2025.
Regarding the writ of mandamus filed to set aside the federal contributions IRPJ and CSLL under Law 14,789 (from January 2024 onwards), on September 8, 2025, a decision was rendered granting a preliminary injunction, ensuring the Company’s right not to include presumed ICMS credits in the calculation basis of IRPJ and CSLL, disregarding the effects of Law No. 14,789/2023, and suspending the enforceability of the tax credits under discussion in these proceedings. On September 22, 2025, the Federal Government filed an appeal against the injunction. Management’s opinion, based on the opinion of external legal counsel, is that the risk of losing the case is not more likely than not based on the technical merits of the Company’s tax position. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any expense or liability for the disputed amounts. As of September 30, 2025, the total disputed amount was $77 million.
In June 2025, regarding the writ of mandamus filed to set aside the federal contributions PIS and COFINS under Law 14,789 (from January 2024 onwards), the Company was granted an injunction to suspend the inclusion of presumed ICMS credits in the PIS and COFINS calculation basis, setting aside the effects of Law 14,789/2023. On July 29, 2025, the Federal Government appealed the decision that granted the preliminary injunction requested by the Company. On July 31, 2025, a decision was rendered upholding the injunction. On August 21, 2025, the proceedings were stayed until the Supreme Federal Court rules on the matter (Topic 843). Management’s opinion, based on the opinion of external legal counsel, is that the risk of losing the case is possible but not probable based on the technical merits of the Company’s tax position. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any expense or liability for the disputed amounts. As of September 30, 2025, the total disputed amount was $21 million.
Buyer protection program
The buyer protection program (“BPP”) is designed to protect buyers in the Marketplace from losses due primarily to fraud or counterparty non-performance for all transactions completed through the Company’s online payment solution Mercado Pago (except for certain excluded categories). The Company’s BPP provides protection to consumers by reimbursing them for the total value of a purchased item and the value of any shipping service paid if it does not arrive, arrives incomplete or damaged, does not match the seller’s description or if the buyer regrets the purchase. The Company is entitled to recover from the third-party carrier companies performing the shipping service certain amounts paid under the BPP. Furthermore, in some specific circumstances, the Company enters into insurance contracts with third-party insurance companies in order to cover contingencies that may arise from the BPP.
The maximum potential exposure under this program is estimated to be the volume of payments on the Marketplace, for which claims may be made under the terms and conditions of the Company’s BPP. Based on historical losses to date, the Company does not believe that the maximum potential exposure is representative of the actual potential exposure. The Company records a liability with respect to losses under this program when they are probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Management’s estimate of the maximum potential exposure related to the Company’s buyer protection program is $6,533 million and $5,769 million, respectively, for which the Company recorded a provision of $15 million and $14 million, respectively.
Commitments
The Company has committed to purchase cloud platform and other technology services for a total minimum aggregate purchase commitment of $3,167 million. As of September 30, 2025, the remaining purchase commitment is $2,544 million.
The Company has signed a 10-year agreement with Gol Linhas Aereas S.A. under which the Company is committed to contract a minimum amount of air logistics services for a total cost of $378 million (portion allocated to the services component of the agreement). As of September 30, 2025, the remaining purchase commitment is $301 million.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Since October 2023, the Company has signed 3-year agreements with certain shipping companies in Brazil, under which the Company committed to contract a minimum amount of logistics services for a total cost of $59 million. As of September 30, 2025, the remaining commitment amounted to $33 million.
As of September 30, 2025, the Company has lease agreements for new warehouses in Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile, for a total amount of $1,200 million, that have not yet commenced. Lease terms under the agreements are between 3 to 15 years.
The Company has unconditional purchase obligations related to capital expenditures for a total amount of $34 million. As of September 30, 2025, the remaining purchase commitment is $6 million.
NOTE 11. LONG TERM RETENTION PROGRAM
The following table summarizes the long term retention program accrued compensation expense for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, which are payable in cash according to the decisions made by the Board of Directors (the “Board”):

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In millions)
LTRP 2019 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |
LTRP 2020 | 24 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 9 |
LTRP 2021 | 21 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 7 |
LTRP 2022 | 37 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 14 |
LTRP 2023 | 62 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 23 |
LTRP 2024 | 53 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 21 |
LTRP 2025 | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |
Total LTRP | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 83 |

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

NOTE 12. LOANS PAYABLE AND OTHER FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
The following tables summarize the Company’s Loans payable and other financial liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Loans from banks | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 946 |
Bank overdrafts | 26 |  |  | 26 |
Secured lines of credit | 156 |  |  | 110 |
Financial Bills | 210 |  |  | 7 |
Deposit Certificates | 1,542 |  |  | 1,068 |
Commercial Notes | 2 |  |  | 5 |
Finance lease liabilities | 42 |  |  | 41 |
Collateralized debt | 1,311 |  |  | 610 |
2026 Sustainability Notes | 365 |  |  | 4 |
2031 Notes | 4 |  |  | 8 |
Debt securities | 41 |  |  | — |
Other lines of credit | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Current loans payable and other financial liabilities | $ | 4,431 |  |  | $ | 2,828 |
Loans from banks | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 217 |
Secured lines of credit | 2 |  |  | 6 |
Financial Bills | 378 |  |  | 271 |
Deposit Certificates | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Commercial Notes | 204 |  |  | 170 |
Finance lease liabilities | 70 |  |  | 81 |
Collateralized debt | 1,449 |  |  | 1,232 |
2026 Sustainability Notes | — |  |  | 362 |
2031 Notes | 533 |  |  | 546 |
Other lines of credit | 1 |  |  | — |
Non-Current loans payable and other financial liabilities | $ | 3,409 |  |  | $ | 2,887 |

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Type of instrument |  | Currency |  | Interest |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Maturity |  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (In millions)
Loans from banks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chilean Subsidiaries |  | Chilean Pesos |  | Fixed |  | 5.96% |  | October 2025 - September 2026 |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 134 |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 44 |
Brazilian Subsidiary (1) |  | US Dollar |  | Fixed |  | 5.30% |  | October 2025 - October 2026 |  | 449 |  |  | 211 |
Brazilian Subsidiary (1) |  | Euros |  | Fixed |  | 3.99% |  | November 2025 - November 2026 |  | 83 |  |  | 190 |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | Variable |  | TJLP + 0.80% |  | October 2025 - May 2031 |  | 21 |  |  | 20 |
Mexican Subsidiaries |  | Mexican Pesos |  | Variable |  | TIIE + 1.80% - 2.60% |  | October 2025 - March 2030 |  | 678 |  |  | 512 |
Uruguayan Subsidiary |  | Uruguayan Pesos |  | Fixed |  | 8.74% |  | October - November 2025 |  | 89 |  |  | 52 |
Bank overdrafts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Uruguayan Subsidiary |  | Uruguayan Pesos |  | Fixed |  | 9.19% |  | October 2025 |  | 26 |  |  | 15 |
Chilean Subsidiary |  | Chilean Pesos |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Secured lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Argentine Subsidiaries (2) |  | Argentine Pesos |  | Fixed |  | 52.49% |  | October 2025 |  | 148 |  |  | 102 |
Mexican Subsidiary |  | Mexican Pesos |  | Fixed |  | 11.08% |  | October 2025 - July 2027 |  | 10 |  |  | 14 |
Financial Bills |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | Variable |  | CDI + 0.45% - 0.95% |  | March 2026 - April 2028 |  | 588 |  |  | 278 |
Deposit Certificates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | Variable |  | CDI + 0.19% - 0.55% |  | October 2025 - September 2026 |  | 900 |  |  | 331 |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | Variable |  | 95.5% to 130.0% of CDI |  | October 2025 - June 2027 |  | 612 |  |  | 703 |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | Fixed |  | 14.34% - 15.36% |  | October 2025 - March 2026 |  | 32 |  |  | 36 |
Commercial Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | Variable |  | DI + 0.88% |  | October 2025 - August 2027 |  | 69 |  |  | 60 |
Brazilian Subsidiary |  | Brazilian Reais |  | Variable |  | IPCA + 6.41% |  | October 2025 - August 2029 |  | 137 |  |  | 115 |
Finance lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 112 |  |  | 122 |
Collateralized debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,760 |  |  | 1,842 |
2026 Sustainability Notes |  | US Dollar |  | Fixed |  | 2.375% |  | January 2026 |  | 365 |  |  | 366 |
2031 Notes |  | US Dollar |  | Fixed |  | 3.125% |  | January 2026 - January 2031 |  | 537 |  |  | 554 |
Debt securities |  | Argentine Pesos |  | Variable |  | TAMAR + 2.85% |  | October 2025 - July 2026 |  | 41 |  |  | — |
Other lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,840 |  |  | $ | 5,715 |

(1) The carrying amount includes the effect of the derivative instruments that qualified for fair value hedge accounting. See Note 15 – Derivative instruments for further detail.
(2) As of September 30, 2025, includes $9 million secured by a compensating balance agreement signed by MercadoLibre S.R.L.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

See Note 13 – Securitization transactions and Note 14 – Leases to these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding the Company’s collateralized debt securitization transactions and finance lease obligations, respectively.
2.375% Sustainability Senior Notes Due 2026 and 3.125% Senior Notes Due 2031
On January 14, 2021, the Company closed a public offering of $400 million aggregate principal amount of 2.375% Sustainability Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Sustainability Notes”) and $700 million aggregate principal amount of 3.125% Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes” and collectively, the “Notes”).
During 2024, the Company repurchased $27 million and $81 million in principal amount of the outstanding 2026 Sustainability Notes and 2031 Notes, respectively. The total amount paid during 2024 for those repurchases amounted to $98 million. For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized $8 million and $3 million as a gain in Interest income and other financial gains in the interim condensed consolidated statements of income, respectively. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased $13 million in principal amount of the outstanding 2031 Notes. The total amount paid amounted to $12 million. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized $1 million as a gain in Interest income and other financial gains in the interim condensed consolidated statements of income. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the Company did not repurchase Notes.
Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) fully and unconditionally guarantee the payment of principal, premium, if any, interest, and all other amounts in respect of each of the Notes (the “Subsidiary Guarantees”). The initial Subsidiary Guarantors were MercadoLibre S.R.L., Ibazar.com Atividades de Internet Ltda., eBazar.com.br Ltda., Mercado Envios Servicos de Logistica Ltda., Mercado Pago Instituição de Pagamento Ltda. (formerly known as “MercadoPago.com Representações Ltda.”), MercadoLibre Chile Ltda., MercadoLibre, S.A. de C.V., Institución de Fondos de Pago Electrónico (formerly known as “MercadoLibre, S. de R.L. de C.V.”), DeRemate.com de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. and MercadoLibre Colombia Ltda. On October 27, 2021, MercadoLibre, S.A. de C.V., Institución de Fondos de Pago Electrónico became an excluded subsidiary pursuant to the terms of the Notes and it was released from its Subsidiary Guaranty. On October 27, 2021, MP Agregador, S. de R.L. de C.V. became a Subsidiary Guarantor under the Notes. On July 1 and October 1, 2022, Ibazar.com Atividades de Internet Ltda. and Mercado Envios Servicos de Logistica Ltda. were merged into eBazar.com.br Ltda, respectively. On May 2, 2025, as a result of the spin-off of DeRemate.com de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. completed in January 2025 (the “DeRemate Spinoff”), MPFS, S. de R.L. de C.V. became a Subsidiary Guarantor under the Notes.
For additional information regarding the 2026 Sustainability Notes and the 2031 Notes please refer to Note 18 to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, contained in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
Revolving Credit Agreement
On September 27, 2024, the Company entered into a $400 million amended and restated revolving credit agreement (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with the lenders party thereto and the Company’s subsidiaries MercadoLibre S.R.L., Ebazar.com.br Ltda., Mercado Pago Instituição de Pagamento Ltda., DeRemate.com de Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V., MP Agregador, S. de R.L. de C.V., MercadoLibre Chile Ltda., and MercadoLibre Colombia Ltda. as initial guarantors. On July 23, 2025, as a result of the DeRemate Spinoff, MPFS, S. de R.L. de C.V. became a guarantor under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in accordance with its terms. The Company’s obligations under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the guarantors, as stated before.
On September 12, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 (the "First Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement (as amended by the First Amendment, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) with the lenders party thereto and the guarantors. The First Amendment permits the Company to request, at one or more times, that existing and/or new lenders provide, at their election, up to $400 million of additional commitments, for an aggregate principal amount of credit commitments of up to $800 million. The Company’s obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement remain guaranteed on an unsecured basis by the guarantors. All other obligations of the Company under the Amended Credit Agreement remain unchanged.
The interest rates under the Amended Credit Agreement are based on Term SOFR (“Secured Overnight Funding Rate”) plus an interest margin of 1.00% per annum, which may be decreased to 0.90% per annum or increased to 1.15% per annum depending on the Company’s debt rating, as further provided under the Amended Credit Agreement. Any loans drawn from the Amended Credit Agreement must be repaid on or prior to September 27, 2028, which will be automatically extended to September 27, 2029 upon satisfaction, on or prior to August 28, 2027, of the Maturity Extension Conditions (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement), as further provided in the Amended Credit Agreement. The Company is also obligated to pay a commitment fee on the unused amounts of the facility at a rate per annum equal to 25% of the then Applicable Margin, depending on the Company’s debt rating, as further provided under the Amended Credit Agreement.
As of September 30, 2025, no amounts have been borrowed under the facility.
NOTE 13. SECURITIZATION TRANSACTIONS
The process of securitization consists of the issuance of securities collateralized by a pool of assets through a special purpose entity (“SPEs”), often under a VIE.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The Company securitizes financial assets associated with its credit card receivables and loans receivable portfolio. The Company’s securitization transactions typically involve the legal transfer of financial assets to bankruptcy remote SPEs. The Company generally retains economic interests in the collateralized securitization transactions, which are retained in the form of subordinated interests. For accounting purposes, the Company is generally precluded from recording the transfers of assets in securitization transactions as sales and is required to consolidate the SPE.
The Company securitizes certain credit card receivables related to users’ purchases through a Chilean SPE. Under this SPE contract, the Company has determined that it has no obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the SPE that could be significant because it does not retain any equity certificate of participation or subordinated interest in the SPE. As the Company does not control the vehicle, its assets, liabilities and related results are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements.
Additionally, the Company securitizes certain credit card receivables related to users’ purchases through Brazilian SPEs. Under these SPE contracts, the Company has determined that it has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the SPEs that could be significant because it retains subordinated interest in the SPEs. As the Company controls the vehicles, the assets, liabilities and related results are consolidated in its financial statements.
The Company securitizes certain loans receivable through Brazilian, Argentine, Mexican and Chilean SPEs, formed to securitize loans receivable provided by the Company to its users or purchased from financial institutions that grant loans to the Company’s users through Mercado Pago. According to the SPE contracts, the Company has determined that it has both the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entity that could be significant because it retains the equity certificates of participation and would therefore also be consolidated.
When the Company controls the vehicle, it accounts for the securitization transactions as if they were secured financing and therefore the assets, liabilities and related results are consolidated in its financial statements. The secured debt is issued by the SPEs and includes collateralized securities used to fund the Company’s fintech business. The third-party investors in the securitization transactions have legal recourse only to the assets securing the debt and do not have recourse to the Company. Additionally, the cash flows generated by the SPEs are restricted to the payment of amounts due to third-party investors, but the Company retains the right to residual cash flows.
The following table summarizes the Company’s collateralized debt under securitization transactions, as of September 30, 2025:

SPEs |  | Collateralized debt (In millions) |  | Interest rate |  | Currency |  | Maturity
Mercado Crédito I Brasil Fundo de Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Não Padronizados |  | $ | 95 |  | CDI + 2.25% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | March 2027
Mercado Crédito I Brasil Fundo de Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Não Padronizados |  | 19 |  | CDI + 5.25% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | June 2029
Mercado Crédito Fundo de Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Não Padronizado |  | 58 |  | CDI + 3.00% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | April 2028
Mercado Crédito II Brasil Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Nao Padronizados |  | 198 |  | CDI + 1.75% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | October 2031
Mercado Crédito II Brasil Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Nao Padronizados |  | 62 |  | CDI + 5.25% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | July 2028
Seller Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios |  | 199 |  | CDI + 1.60% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | March 2026
Seller Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios |  | 100 |  | CDI + 1.80% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | May 2026
Seller Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios |  | 40 |  | CDI + 1.40% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | September 2026
Seller Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios |  | 20 |  | CDI + 1.60% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | November 2026
Seller Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios |  | 296 |  | CDI + 0.85% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | May 2028
Seller II Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Segmento Meios De Pagamento De Resp Ltda |  | 189 |  | CDI + 0.85% |  | Brazilian Reais |  | July 2027
Mercado Crédito XXVIII |  | 1 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 15% and a max 60% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | September - November 2025 (1)

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

SPEs |  | Collateralized debt (In millions) |  | Interest rate |  | Currency |  | Maturity
Mercado Crédito XXIX |  | 2 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 15% and a max 60% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | September - November 2025 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXX |  | 8 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 15% and a max 60% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | October - December 2025 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXI |  | 8 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 15% and a max 60% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | October - December 2025 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXII |  | 19 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 15% and a max 60% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | November 2025 - January 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXIII |  | 18 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 15% and a max 60% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | November 2025 - February 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXIV |  | 31 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 10% and a max 50% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | January - March 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXV |  | 59 |  | Badlar rates plus 200 basis points with a min 10% and a max 40% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | February - March 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXVI |  | 59 |  | TAMAR rates plus 100 basis points with a min 15% and a max 50% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | March - July 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXVII |  | 65 |  | TAMAR rates plus 100 basis points with a min 15% and a max 50% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | April - August 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXVIII |  | 64 |  | TAMAR rates plus 100 basis points with a min 15% and a max 50% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | May - August 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XXXIX |  | 64 |  | TAMAR rates plus 100 basis points with a min 25% and a max 50% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | July - October 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XL |  | 59 |  | TAMAR rates plus 100 basis points with a min 20% and a max 75% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | July - November 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XLI (2) |  | 48 |  | TAMAR rates plus 100 basis points with a min 20% and a max 75% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | August - December 2026 (1)
Mercado Crédito XLII (2) |  | 51 |  | TAMAR rates plus 100 basis points with a min 20% and a max 75% |  | Argentine Pesos |  | September - December 2026 (1)
Fideicomiso Irrevocable de Administración y Fuente de Pago 6203 |  | 282 |  | The equilibrium interbank interest rate published by Banco de Mexico in the Diario Oficial plus 2.20% |  | Mexican Pesos |  | November 2029
Fideicomiso Irrevocable de Administración y Fuente de Pago 6189 |  | 247 |  | The equilibrium interbank interest rate published by Banco de Mexico in the Diario Oficial plus 2.8% |  | Mexican Pesos |  | April 2027
Fideicomiso Irrevocable de Administración y Fuente de Pago Número 6279 |  | 246 |  | The equilibrium interbank interest rate published by Banco de Mexico in the Diario Oficial plus 2.50% |  | Mexican Pesos |  | August 2027
Fideicomiso Irrevocable de Administración y Fuente de Pago F/6191 |  | 131 |  | The equilibrium interbank interest rate published by Banco de Mexico in the Diario Oficial plus 2.20% |  | Mexican Pesos |  | April 2026
Frontal Trust Mercado Pago Créditos Fondo de Inversión |  | 11 |  | TAB 30 + 2.10% |  | Chilean Pesos |  | November 2027

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

SPEs |  | Collateralized debt (In millions) |  | Interest rate |  | Currency |  | Maturity
Frontal Trust Mercado Pago Créditos Fondo de Inversión |  | 2 |  | TAB 30 + 3.90% |  | Chilean Pesos |  | November 2027
Frontal Trust Mercado Pago Créditos Fondo de Inversión |  | 9 |  | TAB 30 + 4.25% |  | Chilean Pesos |  | November 2027
|  | $ | 2,760 |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Minimum and maximum maturity depending on the applica ble interest rate within the range.
(2) As of September 30, 2025, Loans payables owned by this trust were obtained through private placements. Mercado Crédito XLI trust made the public debt issuance in the Argentine stock market on October 13, 2025.
In June 2025, the Company renegotiated key terms of several collateralized debt structures in Brazil to reduce funding costs and increase flexibility in asset eligibility. As a result, the Company achieved interest rate reductions across three SPEs in Brazil: Mercado Crédito I Brasil Fundo de Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Não Padronizados reduced its interest rate spread from 2.50% to 2.25%, Mercado Crédito Fundo de Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Não Padronizado from 3.50% to 3.00% (and extended its maturity from August 2025 to April 2028), and Mercado Crédito II Brasil Fundo De Investimento Em Direitos Creditórios Nao Padronizado from 2.35% to 1.75% (while also extending its maturity from January 2030 to October 2031).
The assets and liabilities of the SPEs through which the Company securitizes financial assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Assets | (In millions)
Current assets: |  |  |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 492 |
Loans receivable, net of allowances | 2,284 |  |  | 1,410 |
Intercompany receivables | 1,446 |  |  | 743 |
Other assets | — |  |  | 1 |
Total current assets | 4,217 |  |  | 2,646 |
Non-current assets: |  |  |
Long-term investments | 8 |  |  | 12 |
Loans receivable, net of allowances | 198 |  |  | 102 |
Total non-current assets | 206 |  |  | 114 |
Total assets | $ | 4,423 |  |  | $ | 2,760 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Loans payable and other financial liabilities | 1,311 |  |  | 610 |
Intercompany liabilities | 113 |  |  | 24 |
Other liabilities | — |  |  | 1 |
Total current liabilities | 1,424 |  |  | 636 |
Non-current liabilities: |  |  |
Loans payable and other financial liabilities | 1,449 |  |  | 1,232 |
Total non-current liabilities | 1,449 |  |  | 1,232 |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,873 |  |  | $ | 1,868 |

(1) Restricted cash and cash equivalents from the SPEs include balances maintained in digital wallets that are eliminated for consolidation purposes.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

NOTE 14. LEASES
The Company leases certain fulfillment, cross-docking and services centers, office space, aircraft, aircraft hangars, machines, and vehicles in the various countries in which it operates. The lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Operating Leases |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 2,042 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |
Operating lease liabilities | $ | 2,037 |  |  | $ | 1,135 |
Finance Leases |  |  |
Property and equipment, at cost | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 200 |
Accumulated depreciation | (115) |  |  | (77) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 123 |
Loans payable and other financial liabilities | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 122 |

The following table summarizes the weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average incremental borrowing rate for operating leases and the weighted average discount rate for finance leases as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Weighted average remaining lease term |  |  |
Operating leases | 8 Years |  | 8 Years
Finance leases | 3 Years |  | 3 Years
Weighted average discount rate (1) |  |  |
Operating leases | 10 | % |  | 10 | %
Finance leases | 15 | % |  | 10 | %

(1) Includes discount rates of leases in local currency and U.S. dollar.
The components of lease expense were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| (In millions)
Operating lease cost | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 147 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |
Depreciation of property and equipment | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 9 |  |  | 12 |
Total finance lease cost | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 37 |

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The following table summarizes the fixed, future minimum rental payments, excluding variable costs, which are discounted by the Company’s incremental borrowing rates and internal rates of return to calculate the lease liabilities for the operating and finance leases, respectively:

Period Ending | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
| (In millions)
One year or less | $ | 424 |  |  | $ | 48 |
One year to two years | 401 |  |  | 47 |
Two years to three years | 382 |  |  | 29 |
Three years to four years | 348 |  |  | 7 |
Four years to five years | 298 |  |  | — |
Thereafter | 1,152 |  |  | — |
Total lease payments | 3,005 |  |  | 131 |
Less imputed interest | (968) |  |  | (19) |
Total | $ | 2,037 |  |  | $ | 112 |

NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Cash flow hedges
As of September 30, 2025, the Company used foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge the foreign currency effects related to the forecasted purchase of MPOs devices in U.S. dollars owed by a Brazilian subsidiary and hosting, licenses and fraud prevention expenses payable in U.S. dollars (or in local currency linked to the U.S. dollar exchange rate) owed by Brazilian and Mexican subsidiaries, whose functional currencies are the Brazilian Real and the Mexican Peso, respectively. The Company designated the foreign currency exchange contracts as cash flow hedges, the derivatives’ gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into the interim condensed consolidated statements of income in the “Cost of net revenues and financial expenses,” “Product and technology development” expenses and “Foreign currency losses, net” line items, in the same period the forecasted transaction affects earnings. As of September 30, 2025, the Company estimated that the whole amount of net derivative gains or losses related to its cash flow hedges included in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into the interim condensed consolidated statements of income within the next 12 months.
Fair value hedges
The Company has entered into swap contracts to hedge the interest rate and the foreign currency exposure of its fixed-rate, foreign currency financial debt held by its Brazilian subsidiaries. The Company designated the swap contracts as fair value hedges. The derivatives’ gain or loss is reported in the interim condensed consolidated statements of income in the same line items as the change in the value of the financial debt due to the hedged risks. Since the terms of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the hedged debts, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are offset by changes in the fair value of the hedged debts attributable to changes in interest rates. Accordingly, the net impact in current earnings is that the interest expense associated with the hedged debts is recorded at the floating rates.
The Company also uses future contracts to hedge the interest rate exposure of its asset-backed loan portfolio originated in Brazil. In these cases, where the assets included in the portfolio shared the same risk exposure, the Company designated the future contracts as fair value hedges under the portfolio layer method. The derivatives’ gain or loss is reported in the interim condensed consolidated statements of income in the same line items as the change in the value of the financial assets due to the hedged risks. Accordingly, the Company unlocks its portfolio’s fixed-rate to mitigate the effect of interest rate fluctuations.
Net investment hedge
The Company used cross currency swap contracts to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk related to its investment in its Brazilian foreign subsidiaries and the interest rate risk. This derivative was designated as a net investment hedge and, accordingly, gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The derivatives’ gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into the interim condensed consolidated statements of income in the “Interest expense and other financial losses” and “Foreign currency losses, net” line items, in the same period that the interest expense affects earnings. As of September 30, 2025, there are no outstanding derivatives designated as net investment cash flow hedges.
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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
The Company entered into certain foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge the foreign currency fluctuations related to certain transactions denominated in U.S. dollars of certain of its Brazilian subsidiaries, whose functional currencies are the Brazilian Real. These transactions were not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. As of September 30, 2025, there are no outstanding derivatives hedging the foreign currency fluctuation not designated as hedging instruments.
Finally, as of September 30, 2025, the Company entered into swap contracts to hedge the interest rate fluctuation of a certain portion of its financial debt in its Brazilian subsidiaries and VIEs. These transactions were not designated as hedges for accounting purposes.
The following table presents the notional amounts of the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments:

| Notional Amount as of
| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Designated as hedging instrument |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | $ | 682 |  |  | $ | 85 |
Cross currency swap contracts | 515 |  |  | 400 |
Future contracts | 274 |  |  | 86 |
Not designated as hedging instrument |  |  |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 103 |

Derivative instrument contracts
The fair values of the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Derivative instruments | Balance sheet location |  | September 30, |  | December 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
|  |  | (In millions)
Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Other current assets |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Interest rate swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other current assets |  | 16 |  |  | 9 |
Cross currency swap contracts designated as fair value hedge | Other current assets |  | 1 |  |  | 23 |
Interest rate swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other non-current assets |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |
Cross currency swap contracts designated as fair value hedge | Other current liabilities |  | 47 |  |  | 2 |
Interest rate swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other current liabilities |  | 23 |  |  | 15 |
Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Other current liabilities |  | 54 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other non-current liabilities |  | 5 |  |  | 14 |

The effects of derivative contracts on the interim condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

| December 31, 2024 |  | Amount of loss recognized in other comprehensive income |  | Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | September 30, 2025
| (In millions)
Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (68) |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (48) |
| $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (68) |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (48) |

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MercadoLibre, Inc.
Notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

| December 31, 2023 |  | Amount of gain recognized in other comprehensive loss |  | Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | September 30, 2024
| (In millions)
Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 1 |
Cross currency swap contracts designated as net investment hedge | (3) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
| $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 1 |

The effect of the Company’s fair value hedge relationships over its fixed-rate financial debt on the interim condensed consolidated statements of income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 is a net loss of $78 million and $29 million, respectively, and affected Cost of net revenues and financial expenses and Foreign exchange losses, net. For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a net gain of $24 million and a net loss of $2 million, respectively, that affected Cost of net revenues and financial expenses and Foreign exchange losses, net.
The carrying amount of the hedged items for fair value hedges over its fixed-rate financial debt included in the “Loans payable and other financial liabilities” line items of the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $532 million and $401 million, respectively.
The effects of the Company’s fair value hedge relationships over its fixed-rate financial debt on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are $1 million and $2 million, respectively, increasing the carrying value of the hedged debt as of September 30, 2025 and reducing the carrying value of the hedged debt as of December 31, 2024.
The effects of derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments on the interim condensed consolidated statements of income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In millions) |  | (In millions)
Interest rate contracts not designated as hedging instruments recognized in Interest expense and other financial losses | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | (1) |
Foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments recognized in Interest expense and other financial losses | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
| $ | (3) |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | (1) |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Any statements made or implied in this report that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27 A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and should be evaluated as such. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “target,” “project,” “should,” “may,” “could,” “will” and similar words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are contained throughout this report. Our forward looking statements, and the risks and uncertainties related to them, include, but are not limited to, statements regarding MercadoLibre, Inc.'s expectations, objectives and progress against strategic priorities; initiatives and strategies related to our products and services; our inability to successfully deliver new products and services; business and market outlook, opportunities, strategies and trends; impacts of foreign exchange; the potential impact of the uncertain macroeconomic and geopolitical environment on our financial results; customer preferences and demand and market expansion; our planned product and services releases and capabilities; industry growth rates; inflation; future stock repurchases; our expected tax rate and tax strategies; and the likelihood, impact and result of pending legal, administrative and tax proceedings or government investigations. Such forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors (in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this report) that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some of the material risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections are described in “Item 1A—Risk Factors” in Part I of the Company’s 2024 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 21, 2025. You should read that information in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 of Part I of this report, our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 1 of Part I of this report and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 8 of Part II of the Company’s 2024 10-K, as well as the factors discussed in the other reports and documents we file from time to time with the SEC.
We note such information for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. There also may be other factors that we cannot anticipate or that are not described in this report, generally because they are unknown to us or we do not perceive them to be material that could cause results to differ materially from our expectations. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake to update these forward-looking statements except as may be required by law. You are advised, however, to review any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our periodic filings with the SEC.
Many of these risks are beyond our ability to control or predict. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for Management to predict all such risk factors, nor can it assess the impact of all such risk factors on our Company’s business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
These statements are based on currently available information and our current assumptions, expectations and projections about future events. While we believe that our assumptions, expectations and projections are reasonable in view of the currently available information, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance.
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations has been organized to present the following:
■a brief overview of our Company;
■a review of our critical accounting policies and estimates;
■a discussion of our principal trends and results of operations for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024;
■a discussion of the principal factors that influence our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity;
■a discussion of our liquidity and capital resources and a discussion of our capital expenditures;
■a description of our key performance indicators; and
■a description of our non-GAAP financial measures.
Certain monetary amounts included elsewhere in this document have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.
Other Information
MercadoLibre, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries “us,” “we,” “our” or the “Company”) routinely post important information for investors on our Investor Relations website, investor.mercadolibre.com. We use this website as a means of disclosing material, non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under SEC Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure). Accordingly, investors should monitor our Investor Relations website, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls and webcasts. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this report.
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Business Overview
We are the leading online commerce and fintech ecosystem in Latin America. Our e-commerce platform is the leader in the region based on gross merchandise volume (“GMV”), and our fintech platform is the leader in monthly active users (“MAUs”) among fintech companies in Mexico, Argentina and Chile, and the second largest in Brazil. Mercado Libre's e-commerce platform is present in 18 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela (deconsolidated since December 1, 2017), Bolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay and El Salvador) and our fintech platform, Mercado Pago, is present in eight countries (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and Ecuador). Our ecosystem provides consumers and merchants with a complete portfolio of services to enable buying and selling online and the processing of payments online and offline, as well as offering a wide array of simple day-to-day financial services.
We offer our users an ecosystem of integrated e-commerce and digital financial services, which includes: the Mercado Libre Marketplace, the Mercado Pago fintech platform, the Mercado Envios logistics service, the Mercado Ads solution and the Mercado Libre Classifieds service.
Our e-commerce platform provides buyers and sellers with a robust and safe environment that fosters the development of a large e-commerce community in Latin America, a region with a population of over 650 million people where penetration of e-commerce over total retail significantly lags benchmarks such as the United States of America (“U.S.”), the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and China. We believe that we offer world-class technological and commercial solutions that address the distinctive cultural and geographic challenges of operating a digital commerce platform in Latin America.
The Mercado Libre Marketplace is a user-friendly online commerce platform that can be accessed through our mobile app or website. Third-party sellers (“3P”) account for most of the GMV transacted on the Marketplace. We complement this by selling directly to consumers on a first-party basis (“1P”) in selected categories where we can enhance price competitiveness and assortment; this accounts for less than 10% of GMV. The Marketplace has an extensive assortment of products, with a wide range of categories including consumer electronics, apparel and beauty, home goods, automotive accessories, toys, books and entertainment and consumer packaged goods. We also have a selection of international products available, primarily from sellers in China and the U.S., through our cross-border trade (“CBT”) operations. Our users can also list vehicles, properties and services they are looking to sell via Mercado Libre Classifieds. These listings differ from our Marketplace listings because we charge placing fees only, not final value fees.
Mercado Envios is a logistics solution that is one of the value-added services that we offer to our sellers and buyers on our platform. The logistics services we offer are an integral and crucial part of our value proposition as they reduce friction between buyers and sellers, allow us to have greater control over the full user experience and enable faster deliveries at a more competitive cost than would otherwise be available with third-party carriers. Sellers that use Mercado Envios are eligible to access shipping subsidies that enable free or discounted shipping for consumers that buy sellers’ goods on our Marketplace. Our logistics network is built around fulfillment centers (which account for more than half of shipments), where sellers place their inventory in our warehouses, and cross-docking, where we collect items sold from sellers directly or via a network of thousands of partner stores (“MELI Places”) where sellers drop off sold items that need to be fed into our logistics network. MELI Places are also enabled for pick up of items purchased and processing of returns. Our transportation network includes dedicated aircraft, trucks and thousands of last-mile delivery vans, the vast majority of which are owned and operated by our third-party carriers.
Our advertising platform, Mercado Ads, is another value-added service that we offer to sellers on our platform and brands both on- and off-platform. The platform enables sellers and brands to access the millions of consumers who browse and purchase on our Marketplace, as well as the first-party data that all of these engagements generate. This enables advertisers to target highly granular audiences. The products we offer are Product Ads (sponsored listings), Brands Ads (product carrousels), Display Ads (banners) and Video Ads, the last two of which we are able to offer inventory off-platform as well as on our own Marketplace and fintech platform.
Mercado Shops is a service we offer to sellers to complement their business on our Marketplace. It is a digital storefront solution that allows sellers to set up, manage and promote their own digital stores, while using Mercado Libre’s logistics, advertising and payments services. In January 2025, we announced the migration of Mercado Shops to “Mi Página,” which offers similar functionalities but is fully embedded within our Marketplace (without an external storefront). Mercado Shops will be discontinued as of December 31, 2025.
Mercado Pago was initially designed to facilitate transactions on Mercado Libre’s Marketplace by providing a mechanism that allowed our users to securely, easily and promptly send and receive payments. This brought trust to the merchant-consumer relationship. In the countries in which Mercado Pago operates, it processes and settles all transactions on our Marketplace.
Beyond facilitating Marketplace transactions, over the years we have expanded our array of Mercado Pago services to third parties outside Mercado Libre’s Marketplace. We began first by satisfying the growing demand for online-based payment solutions by providing merchants the necessary digital payment infrastructure for e-commerce to flourish in Latin America.
Our lending solution is available in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Chile. We offer loans mostly to merchants and consumers that already form part of our user base, many of whom have historically been underserved or overlooked by financial institutions and therefore suffer from a lack of access to credit. Facilitating credit is a key service overlay that enables us to further strengthen the engagement and lock-in rate of our users, while also generating additional touchpoints and incentives to use Mercado Pago as an end-to-end financial solution. As part of the expansion of our lending solution, during August 2025 we launched the Mercado Pago credit card in Argentina.
Our asset management product, which is available in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Chile, is a critical pillar of our financial services offering that enables us to compete with large banks. This product offers remuneration on balances held in the Mercado Pago digital account that is greater than traditional checking and savings accounts. This enables our users to earn a return with funds remaining available for withdrawal or to make payments without their funds being tied up in a time deposit.
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As an extension of our asset management and savings solutions for users, we launched a digital assets feature as part of the Mercado Pago account in Brazil, Mexico and Chile, in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. This service allows our millions of users to purchase, hold and sell selected digital assets through our interface without leaving the Mercado Pago application, while a partner acts as the custodian and offers the blockchain infrastructure platform. This feature is available for all users through their Mercado Pago account. In 2024 and 2025 we launched “Meli Dólar,” a stablecoin that is pegged to the US dollar, in Brazil, Mexico and Chile. Members of our loyalty program receive their cashback in Meli Dólar and all Mercado Pago users can buy, hold and sell the stablecoin without charging any fees.
Reporting Segments and Geographic Information
Our segment reporting is based on geography, which is the criterion our Management currently uses to evaluate our segment performance. Our geographic segments are Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Other Countries (including Bermuda, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay and the U.S.). Although we discuss long-term trends in our business, it is our policy not to provide earnings guidance in the traditional sense. We believe that uncertain conditions make the forecasting of near-term results difficult. Further, we seek to make decisions focused primarily on the long-term welfare of our Company and believe focusing on short-term earnings does not best serve the interests of our stockholders. We believe that execution of key strategic initiatives as well as our expectations for long-term growth in our markets will best create stockholder value. A long-term focus may make it more difficult for industry analysts and the market to evaluate the value of our Company, which could reduce the value of our common stock or permit competitors with short-term tactics to grow more rapidly than us. We, therefore, encourage potential investors to consider this strategy before making an investment in our common stock.
The following table sets forth the percentage of our consolidated net revenues and financial income by segment for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
(% of total consolidated net revenues and financial income) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Brazil | 52.5 | % |  | 56.2 | % |  | 54.1 | % |  | 54.8 | %
Mexico | 21.7 |  |  | 22.5 |  |  | 22.3 |  |  | 21.6 |
Argentina | 21.6 |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | 19.4 |  |  | 19.4 |
Other Countries | 4.2 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 4.2 |

Net revenues and financial income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024 are described in “Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Principal trends in results of operations— Net revenues and financial income.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies, Management estimates or accounting policies since the year ended December 31, 2024 and disclosed in the Company’s 2024 10-K under the heading “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”
Results of operations for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024
The selected financial data for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 discussed herein is derived from our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this report. The results of operations for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2025 or for any other period.
Principal trends in results of operations
Net revenues and financial income
We disaggregate revenues into four geographical reporting segments. Within each of our segments, the services we provide and the products we sell generally fall into two distinct revenue streams: “Commerce” and “Fintech.”
Commerce revenues are mainly generated from:
■marketplace fees that include final value fees and flat fees. Final value fees represent a percentage of the sale value that is charged to the seller once an item is successfully sold and flat fees represent a fixed charge for certain transactions below a certain merchandise value;
■first party sales, which are generated when control of the good is transferred, upon delivery to our customers;
■shipping fees, which are generated when an item is delivered through our shipping service. When we act as an agent, revenues derived from the shipping services are recognized at the time the transaction is successfully concluded for third-party sales, and presented net of the transportation costs charged by third-party carriers. When we act as principal, revenues derived from shipping services are recognized upon delivery of the good to the customer, and presented on a gross basis. In addition, the Company generates storage fees, which are charged to the seller for the utilization of the Company’s fulfillment facilities;
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■ad sales fees due to advertising services provided to sellers, vendors, brands and others, through product searches (product ads and brand ads) and display formats (including video ads and display programmatic), which are recognized based on the number of clicks and impressions, respectively;
■classifieds fees due to offerings in vehicles, real estate and services, which are charged to sellers who opt to give their listings greater exposure throughout our websites; and
■fees from other ancillary businesses.
Fintech revenues and financial income are attributable to:
■commissions representing a percentage of the payment volume processed that are charged to sellers in connection with off-Marketplace platform transactions;
■commissions from additional fees we charge when a buyer elects to pay in installments through our Mercado Pago platform, for transactions that occur either on or off our Marketplace platform;
■interest, cash advances and fees from credit cards, merchant and consumer loans granted under our lending solution;
■revenues from our asset management product;
■interest earned on investments as part of Mercado Pago activities, including those required due to fintech regulations, net of interest gains passed through to our Brazilian users in connection with our asset management product;
■commissions that we charge from transactions carried out with Mercado Pago credit and debit cards;
■revenues from the sale of mobile points of sale products;
■revenues from insurtech fees;
■commissions from additional fees we charge when our sellers elect to withdraw cash; and
■fees from other ancillary services.
Although we also process payments on the Marketplace, we do not charge sellers an added commission for this service, as it is already included in the Marketplace final value fee that we charge.
We have a highly fragmented customer revenue base given the large numbers of sellers and buyers who use our platforms. For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no single customer accounted for more than 5.0% of our net revenues and financial income.
Our net revenues and financial income are generated in multiple foreign currencies and then translated into U.S. dollars at the average monthly exchange rate. The functional currency for each country’s operations is the country’s local currency, except for Argentina, where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar due to Argentina’s status as a highly inflationary economy. Please refer to Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on foreign currency translation.
Our net revenues and financial income grew during the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024, boosted by the growth of credit originations from our lending solution, an increase in total payment volume and fees due to payment in installments in our Mercado Pago platform, and the growth in gross merchandise volume.
The following table summarizes our consolidated net revenues and financial income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 20,134 |  |  | $ | 14,718 |  |  | $ | 5,416 |  |  | 36.8 | % |  | $ | 7,409 |  |  | $ | 5,312 |  |  | $ | 2,097 |  |  | 39.5 | %

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The following table summarizes our consolidated net revenues and financial income by revenue stream and geographic segment for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Consolidated net revenues and financial income | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Brazil |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commerce | $ | 6,412 |  |  | $ | 5,073 |  |  | $ | 1,339 |  |  | 26.4 | % |  | $ | 2,416 |  |  | $ | 1,809 |  |  | $ | 607 |  |  | 33.6 | %
Fintech | 4,152 |  |  | 3,197 |  |  | 955 |  |  | 29.9 |  |  | 1,593 |  |  | 1,104 |  |  | 489 |  |  | 44.3 |
| 10,564 |  |  | 8,270 |  |  | 2,294 |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | 4,009 |  |  | 2,913 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 37.6 |
Mexico |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commerce | 2,819 |  |  | 2,170 |  |  | 649 |  |  | 29.9 |  |  | 1,049 |  |  | 758 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 38.4 |
Fintech | 1,560 |  |  | 1,147 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 36.0 |  |  | 602 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 55.6 |
| 4,379 |  |  | 3,317 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 32.0 |  |  | 1,651 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | 506 |  |  | 44.2 |
Argentina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commerce | 1,489 |  |  | 918 |  |  | 571 |  |  | 62.2 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 20.4 |
Fintech | 2,861 |  |  | 1,593 |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | 79.6 |  |  | 946 |  |  | 622 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 52.1 |
| 4,350 |  |  | 2,511 |  |  | 1,839 |  |  | 73.2 |  |  | 1,441 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 39.5 |
Other countries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commerce | 596 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 34.2 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 32.9 |
Fintech | 245 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 39.2 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 56.7 |
| 841 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 35.6 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 39.4 |
Consolidated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commerce | 11,316 |  |  | 8,605 |  |  | 2,711 |  |  | 31.5 |  |  | 4,174 |  |  | 3,139 |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 33.0 |
Fintech | 8,818 |  |  | 6,113 |  |  | 2,705 |  |  | 44.2 |  |  | 3,235 |  |  | 2,173 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 48.9 |
Total | $ | 20,134 |  |  | $ | 14,718 |  |  | $ | 5,416 |  |  | 36.8 | % |  | $ | 7,409 |  |  | $ | 5,312 |  |  | $ | 2,097 |  |  | 39.5 | %

See Note 8 – Segments of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our net revenues and financial income disaggregated by similar products and services for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Our Commerce revenues grew $2,711 million and $1,035 million, or 31.5% and 33.0%, for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2024. This increase in Commerce revenues was primarily attributable to:
■an increase of $1,756 million and $657 million in our Commerce services revenues for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, mainly related to (i) a 22% and 28% increase in gross merchandise volume, and (ii) higher flat fee contributions for low gross merchandise volume transactions. Shipping carrier costs netted against revenues decreased $88 million, from $794 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, to $706 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, mainly due to an increase in the share of shipping services where we act as principal, as opposed to agent during the first quarter of 2025. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, shipping carrier costs netted against revenues increased $49 million, from $213 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024, to $262 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2025; and
■an increase of $955 million and $378 million in our revenues from Commerce product sales for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2024, mainly in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina.
Our Fintech revenues grew 44.2% and 48.9%, from $6,113 million and $2,173 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively, to $8,818 million and $3,235 million for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively. This increase was mainly generated by:
■an increase of $1,452 million and $625 million in our Credit revenues for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, mainly as a consequence of higher originations; and
■an increase of $1,245 million and $434 million in our revenues from Financial services and income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, mainly related to our off-platform transactional fees and financing transactions, as a result of a 41% increase in our total payment volume for both periods.
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Brazil
Commerce revenues in Brazil increased 26.4% in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was generated by an increase of $700 million in our Commerce services revenues and an increase of $639 million in our revenues from Commerce product sales. Fintech revenues grew by 29.9%, a $955 million increase during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, mainly driven by an increase of $749 million in our Credit revenues and an increase of $204 million in our revenues from Financial services and income.
Commerce revenues in Brazil increased 33.6% in the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was driven by an increase of $337 million in our Commerce services revenues and an increase of $270 million in our revenues from Commerce product sales. Fintech revenues grew by 44.3%, a $489 million increase, during the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, mainly driven by an increase of $340 million in our Credit revenues and an increase of $149 million in our revenues from Financial services and income.
Net revenues growth during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, were offset by the average increase of Brazil’s exchange rate against U.S. dollar of 7.9%. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, there was an average decrease of Brazil’s exchange rate against U.S. dollar of 1.8%.
Mexico
Commerce revenues in Mexico increased 29.9% in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was driven by an increase of $470 million in our Commerce services revenues and an increase of $179 million in our revenues from Commerce product sales. Fintech revenues grew 36.0%, a $413 million increase, during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, mainly driven by an increase of $207 million in our Credit revenues and an increase of $201 million in our revenues from Financial services and income.
Commerce revenues in Mexico increased 38.4% in the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was generated by an increase of $217 million in our Commerce services revenues and an increase of $74 million in our revenues from Commerce product sales. Fintech revenues grew 55.6%, a $215 million increase, during the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, mainly driven by an increase of $117 million in our Credit revenues and an increase of $96 million in our revenues from Financial services and income.
Net revenues growth during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, were offset by the average increase of Mexico’s exchange rate against U.S. dollar of 10.0%. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, there was an average decrease of Mexico’s exchange rate against U.S. dollar of 1.8%.
Argentina
Commerce revenues in Argentina increased 62.2% in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was driven by an increase of $477 million in our Commerce services revenues and an increase of $94 million in our revenues from Commerce product sales. Fintech revenues increased 79.6%, a $1,268 million increase, during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, mainly driven by an increase of $773 million in our revenues from Financial services and income and an increase of $495 million in our Credit revenues.
Commerce revenues in Argentina increased 20.4% in the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was generated by an increase of $68 million in our Commerce services revenues and an increase of $16 million in our revenues from Commerce product sales. Fintech revenues increased 52.1%, a $324 million increase, during the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, mainly driven by an increase of $166 million in our Credit revenues and an increase of $158 million in our revenues from Financial services and income.
The following table sets forth our total net revenues and financial income and the sequential quarterly variation of these net revenues and financial income for the periods described below:

| Quarter Ended
| March 31, |  | June 30, |  | September 30, |  | December 31,
| (In millions, except percentages)
2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 5,935 |  |  | $ | 6,790 |  |  | $ | 7,409 |  |  | n/a
Percent change from prior quarter | (2) | % |  | 14 | % |  | 9 | % |  |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 4,333 |  |  | $ | 5,073 |  |  | $ | 5,312 |  |  | $ | 6,059 |
Percent change from prior quarter | (2) | % |  | 17 | % |  | 5 | % |  | 14 | %

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The following table sets forth the growth in net revenues and financial income in local currencies, for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024:

| Change from 2024 to 2025
(% of net revenues and financial income growth in Local Currency) (1) | Nine-month period |  | Three-month period
Brazil | 37.2 | % |  | 35.1 | %
Mexico | 44.4 |  |  | 41.8 |
Argentina (2) | 129.7 |  |  | 97.2 |
Other countries | 38.9 |  |  | 40.7 |
Total consolidated | 54.7 | % |  | 48.9 | %

(1) The local currency revenue growth was calculated by using the average monthly exchange rates for each month during 2024 and applying them to the corresponding months in 2025, so as to calculate what our financial results would have been if exchange rates had remained stable from one year to the next. See also “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for details on FX neutral measures.
(2) For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the average inter-annual inflation rate in our Argentine segment of 48.8% was higher than the average inter-annual increase of Argentina’s official exchange rate against U.S. dollar of 33.0%, while for the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the average inter-annual inflation rate in our Argentine segment of 34.0%, was lower than the average inter-annual increase of Argentina’s official exchange rate against U.S. dollar of 41.4%.
Cost of net revenues and financial expenses
Cost of net revenues and financial expenses primarily includes shipping operation costs (including warehousing costs), carrier and other operating costs, cost of goods sold, collection fees, sales taxes, funding costs related to our fintech business, fraud prevention expenses, hosting and site operation fees, certain tax withholding related to export duties, compensation for customer support personnel and depreciation and amortization. The following table presents cost of net revenues and financial expenses for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Cost of net revenues and financial expenses | $ | 11,060 |  |  | $ | 7,890 |  |  | $ | 3,170 |  | 40.2% |  | $ | 4,200 |  |  | $ | 2,873 |  |  | $ | 1,327 |  | 46.2%
As a percentage of net revenues and financial income | 54.9 | % |  | 53.6% |  |  |  |  |  | 56.7% |  | 54.1% |  |  |  |

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, the increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses was primarily attributable to a: i) $1,204 million increase in shipping operating and carrier costs; ii) $734 million increase in cost of sales of goods mainly in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina; iii) $359 million increase in collection fees across all of our main segments, as a result of the higher total payment volume of Mercado Pago in those countries; iv) $355 million increase in other fintech costs mainly related to higher funding costs in connection with our lending business; v) $340 million increase in sales taxes; and vi) $141 million increase in hosting and site operation fees.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, the increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses was primarily attributable to a: i) $506 million increase in shipping operating and carrier costs; ii) $296 million increase in cost of sales of goods across all of our main segments; iii) $170 million increase in other fintech costs, mainly related to higher funding costs in connection with our lending business; iv) $149 million increase in collection fees across all of our main segments, as a result of the growth of total payment volume of Mercado Pago in those countries; v) $119 million increase in sales taxes; and vi) $61 million increase in hosting and site operation fees.
Our subsidiaries in Brazil, Argentina and Colombia are subject to certain taxes on revenues and financial income, which are classified as a cost of net revenues and financial expenses. These taxes represented 6.6% and 6.4% of net revenues and financial income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 6.7% for the same periods in 2024, respectively.
Gross profit margins
Our gross profit margin is defined as total net revenues and financial income minus total cost of net revenues and financial expenses, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income.
Our cost structure is directly affected by the level of operations of our services, and our strategic plan on gross profit is built on factors such as an ample liquidity to fund expenses and investments and a cost-effective capital structure.
For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our gross profit margins were 45.1% and 43.3%, and 46.4% and 45.9%, respectively.
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For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, our gross profit margin decreased mainly due to the reduction of our free shipping threshold in Brazil, together with an increase in our cost of sales of goods, funding costs related to our fintech business and shipping carrier costs, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income, partially offset by a decrease of our shipping operating costs, collection fees and customer support expenses, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, our gross profit margin decreased mainly due to the reduction of our free shipping threshold in Brazil, together with an increase in our cost of sales of goods and funding costs related to our fintech business, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income.
In the future, our gross profit margin could continue declining if we maintain the growth of our sales of goods business, which has a lower pure product margin, building up our logistics network and if we fail to maintain an appropriate relationship between our cost of revenue structure and our net revenues and financial income trend.
Product and technology development expenses
Our product and technology development related expenses consist primarily of compensation for our engineering and web-development staff (including long term retention program compensation), depreciation and amortization expenses related to product and technology development, certain tax withholding related to export duties, telecommunications costs and payments to third-party suppliers who provide technology maintenance services to us. The following table presents product and technology development expenses for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Product and technology development | $ | 1,685 |  |  | $ | 1,422 |  |  | $ | 263 |  | 18.5% |  | $ | 567 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 63 |  | 12.5%
As a percentage of net revenues and financial income | 8.4 | % |  | 9.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 7.7% |  | 9.5% |  |  |  |

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the increase in product and technology development expenses as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to a: i) $152 million increase in salaries and wages mainly related to the increase of 15% in our product and technology development headcount and increases in amounts accrued under the LTRPs as a consequence of the increase in our common stock price; ii) $70 million increase in technology maintenance expenses; and iii) $53 million increase in other product and technology development expenses mainly related to higher tax withholding in connection with intercompany export services billing duties.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the increase in product and technology development expenses as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to a: i) $31 million increase in technology maintenance expenses; and ii) $28 million increase in salaries and wages mainly related to the increase of 16% in our product and technology development headcount.
We believe that product and technology development is one of our key competitive advantages and we intend to continue to invest in technology to meet the increasingly sophisticated product expectations of our customer base.
Sales and marketing expenses
Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of costs related to marketing our platforms through online and offline advertising and agreements with portals, search engines and other sales expenses related to strategic marketing initiatives, charges related to our buyer protection program, the salaries of employees involved in these activities (including long term retention program compensation), chargebacks related to our Mercado Pago operations, branding initiatives, marketing activities for our users and depreciation and amortization expenses.
We enter into agreements with portals, search engines, social networks, ad networks and other sites in order to attract Internet users to the Mercado Libre Marketplace and convert them into registered users and active traders on our platform.
We also work intensively on attracting, developing and growing our seller community through our customer support efforts. We have dedicated professionals in most of our operations that work with sellers through trade show participation, seminars and meetings to provide them with important tools and skills to become effective sellers on our platform.
The following table presents sales and marketing expenses for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Sales and marketing | $ | 2,183 |  |  | $ | 1,555 |  |  | $ | 628 |  | 40.4% |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 267 |  | 47.2%
As a percentage of net revenues and financial income | 10.8 | % |  | 10.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.2 | % |  | 10.7 | % |  |  |  |

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For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the increase in sales and marketing expenses as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to a: i) $359 million increase in online and offline marketing expenses across all of our main segments; ii) $93 million increase in salaries and wages mainly related to the increase of 60% in our sales and marketing headcount and increases in amounts accrued under the LTRPs as a consequence of the increase in our common stock price; iii) $82 million increase in our buyer protection program expenses; and iv) $39 million increase in chargebacks.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the increase in sales and marketing expenses as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to a: i) $158 million increase in online and offline marketing expenses across all of our main segments; ii) $44 million increase in our buyer protection program expenses; iii) $36 million increase in salaries and wages mainly related to the increase of 44% in our sales and marketing headcount; and iv) $12 million increase in chargebacks.
Provision for doubtful accounts
Provision for doubtful accounts consists of the current expected credit losses on our financial assets, mainly loans receivable. The following table presents provision for doubtful accounts expenses for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Provision for doubtful accounts | $ | 2,108 |  |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | 777 |  | 58.4% |  | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 507 |  |  | $ | 308 |  | 60.7%
As a percentage of net revenues and financial income | 10.5 | % |  | 9.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.0% |  | 9.5% |  |  |  |

For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, the provision for doubtful accounts increased $777 million and $308 million, respectively, mainly due to the increase in originations growing at 59% and 60% (mostly related to the credit card and consumer products), respectively.
General and administrative expenses
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries for management and administrative staff, compensation of non-employee directors, long term retention program compensation, expenses for legal, audit and other professional services, insurance expenses, office space rental expenses, changes in the fair value of digital assets, travel and business expenses, as well as depreciation and amortization expenses. Our general and administrative expenses include the costs of the following areas: general management, finance, treasury, internal audit, administration, accounting, tax, legal and human resources. The following table presents general and administrative expenses for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
General and administrative | $ | 786 |  |  | $ | 709 |  |  | $ | 77 |  | 10.9% |  | $ | 270 |  | $ | 305 |  | $ | (35) |  | (11.5)%
As a percentage of net revenues and financial income | 3.9 | % |  | 4.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.6% |  | 5.7% |  |  |  |

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the increase in general and administrative expenses as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to a: i) $64 million increase in salaries and wages, mainly related to the increase of 17% in general and administrative headcount and increases in amounts accrued under the LTRPs as a consequence of the increase in our common stock price; and ii) $22 million increase in other general and administrative expenses mainly related to higher tax withholding in connection with intercompany export services billing duties. This was partially offset by a $15 million decrease in legal, tax and other fees due to higher contingencies losses in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the decrease in general and administrative expenses as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to a: i) $38 million decrease in legal, tax and other fees due to higher contingencies losses in the three-month period ended September 30, 2024; and ii) $11 million gain related to the fair value of digital assets ($9 million gain in the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 compared to a $2 million loss in the three-month period ended September 30, 2024). This was partially offset by a $12 million increase in salaries and wages, mainly related to the increase of 15% in general and administrative headcount.
Operating income margins
Our operating income margin is defined as income from operations as a percentage of net revenues and financial income.
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Our operating income margin is affected by our operating expenses structure, which mainly consists of our employees’ salaries, our sales and marketing expenses related to those activities we incurred to promote our services, provision for doubtful accounts mainly related to our loans receivable portfolio and product and technology development expenses, among other operating expenses. As we continue to grow and focus on expanding our leadership in the region, we will continue to invest in product and technology development, and sales and marketing in order to promote our services and capture long-term business opportunities. As a result, we may experience decreases in our operating income margins.
For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, our operating income margin decreased from 12.3% and 10.5% to 11.5% and 9.8%, respectively. This compression was primarily driven by the expansion of our credit card portfolio and marketing investments to support our free shipping and Mercado Pago campaigns.
For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the decrease is mainly explained by the reduction of our free shipping threshold in Brazil, together with an increase in provision of doubtful accounts and cost of net revenues and financial expenses, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income, partially offset by a decrease in product and technology development and general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the decrease is mainly explained by the reduction of our free shipping threshold in Brazil, together with an increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses, provision of doubtful accounts and sales and marketing related expenses, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income, partially offset by a decrease in general and administrative expenses and product and technology development, as a percentage of net revenues and financial income.
Other income (expenses), net
Other income (expenses), net consists primarily of interest income derived from our investments and cash equivalents, interest expense and other financial charges related to financial liabilities not related to Mercado Pago’s operations, and foreign currency gains or losses. The following table presents Other income (expenses), net for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Other income (expenses), net | $ | (254) |  | $ | (142) |  | $ | (112) |  | 78.9% |  | $ | (88) |  | $ | (37) |  | $ | (51) |  |  | 137.8%
As a percentage of net revenues and financial income | (1.3) | % |  | (1.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  | (1.2) | % |  | (0.7) | % |  |  |  |

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the increase in other expense, net as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to $142 million of higher foreign exchange losses mainly due to our Argentine (higher foreign exchange losses of $222 million), Uruguayan and Spanish subsidiaries, partially offset by foreign exchange gains from our Brazilian and Mexican subsidiaries. This was partially offset by an increase of $23 million in interest income and other financial gains from financial investments not related to Mercado Pago’s operations as a result of higher cash levels invested (mainly in Brazil and Argentina) and higher interest rates (mainly in Brazil).
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the increase in other expense, net as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily attributable to $62 million higher foreign exchange losses mainly due to our Argentine subsidiaries, partially offset by higher foreign exchange gains from our Mexican subsidiaries.
Income tax
We are subject to federal and state income tax in the U.S., as well as foreign taxes in the multiple jurisdictions where we operate. Our tax obligations consist of current and deferred income taxes incurred in these jurisdictions. We account for income taxes following the liability method of accounting. A valuation allowance is recorded when, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Therefore, our income tax expense consists of taxes currently payable, if any, plus the change in our deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of the estimated effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that are accounted for in the relevant period.
The following table presents our income tax expense for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages) |  | (in millions, except percentages)
Income tax expense | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 223 |  | 56.2 | % |  | $ | 215 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 92 |  | 74.8 | %
As a percentage of net revenues and financial income | 3.1 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | 2.3 | % |  |  |  |

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During the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024, income tax expense increased mainly as a result of higher income tax expense in Argentina and Mexico due to higher taxable income. This increase was partially offset by income tax gains in Brazil in 2025 mainly driven by the increase in deferred tax assets in Brazil.
The following table summarizes our estimated effective tax rates for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Estimated effective tax rate | 30.1 | % |  | 23.8 | % |  | 33.8% |  | 23.7%

(1) Percentages have been calculated using whole-dollar amounts rather than the rounded amounts that appear in the table.
Our estimated effective tax rate for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 increased as compared to the same periods in 2024, mainly as a result of lower deductions related to tax inflation adjustments in Argentina.
Segment information
Refer to Note 8 – Segments of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the financial performance of the Company’s reporting segments for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions, except percentages)
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 10,564 |  |  | $ | 4,379 |  |  | $ | 4,350 |  |  | $ | 841 |  |  | $ | 20,134 |
Total segment costs | (9,006) |  |  | (3,589) |  |  | (2,469) |  |  | (725) |  |  | (15,789) |
Direct contribution | $ | 1,558 |  | $ | 790 |  | $ | 1,881 |  | $ | 116 |  | $ | 4,345
Margin | 14.7% |  | 18.0% |  | 43.2% |  | 13.8% |  | 21.6%

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions, except percentages)
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 8,270 |  |  | $ | 3,317 |  |  | $ | 2,511 |  |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 14,718 |
Total segment costs | (6,528) |  |  | (2,707) |  |  | (1,449) |  |  | (543) |  |  | (11,227) |
Direct contribution | $ | 1,742 |  | $ | 610 |  | $ | 1,062 |  |  | $ | 77 |  | $ | 3,491
Margin | 21.1% |  | 18.4% |  | 42.3% |  | 12.4% |  | 23.7%

| Change from the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions, except percentages)
Net revenues and financial income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in U.S. Dollars | $ | 2,294 |  | $ | 1,062 |  | $ | 1,839 |  | $ | 221 |  | $ | 5,416 |
in % | 27.7 | % |  | 32.0% |  | 73.2 | % |  | 35.6% |  | 36.8%
Total segment costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in U.S. Dollars | $ | (2,478) |  | $ | (882) |  | $ | (1,020) |  | $ | (182) |  | $ | (4,562) |
in % | 38.0 | % |  | 32.6% |  | 70.4 | % |  | 33.5% |  | 40.6%
Direct contribution |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in U.S. Dollars | $ | (184) |  | $ | 180 |  | $ | 819 |  | $ | 39 |  | $ | 854 |
in % | (10.6) | % |  | 29.5% |  | 77.1 | % |  | 50.6% |  | 24.5%

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| Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 4,009 |  |  | $ | 1,651 |  |  | $ | 1,441 |  |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 7,409 |
Total segment costs | (3,534) |  |  | (1,346) |  |  | (869) |  |  | (265) |  |  | (6,014) |
Direct contribution | $ | 475 |  | $ | 305 |  | $ | 572 |  | $ | 43 |  | $ | 1,395
Margin | 11.8% |  | 18.5% |  | 39.7% |  | 14.0% |  | 18.8%

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions)
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 2,913 |  |  | $ | 1,145 |  |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 5,312 |
Total segment costs | (2,408) |  |  | (953) |  |  | (576) |  |  | (191) |  |  | (4,128) |
Direct contribution | $ | 505 |  | $ | 192 |  | $ | 457 |  | $ | 30 |  | $ | 1,184
Margin | 17.3% |  | 16.8% |  | 44.2% |  | 13.6% |  | 22.3%

| Change from the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to September 30, 2025
| Brazil |  | Mexico |  | Argentina |  | Other Countries |  | Total
| (In millions, except percentages)
Net revenues and financial income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in U.S. Dollars | $ | 1,096 |  | $ | 506 |  | $ | 408 |  | $ | 87 |  | $ | 2,097
in % | 37.6 | % |  | 44.2 | % |  | 39.5 | % |  | 39.4 | % |  | 39.5 | %
Total segment costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in U.S. Dollars | $ | (1,126) |  | $ | (393) |  | $ | (293) |  | $ | (74) |  | $ | (1,886)
in % | 46.8 | % |  | 41.2 | % |  | 50.9 | % |  | 38.7 | % |  | 45.7 | %
Direct contribution |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in U.S. Dollars | $ | (30) |  | $ | 113 |  | $ | 115 |  | $ | 13 |  | $ | 211
in % | (5.9) | % |  | 58.9 | % |  | 25.2 | % |  | 43.3 | % |  | 17.8 | %

Net revenues and financial income
Net revenues and financial income for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024 are described above in “Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Principal trends in results of operations— Net revenues and financial income."
Segment costs
Brazil
For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, segment costs increased mainly driven by a: i) $1,595 million increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses, mostly attributable to an increase in shipping operating and carrier costs, cost of goods sold as a consequence of an increase in first-party sales, sales taxes, other fintech costs mainly related to higher funding costs in connection with the growth of our lending business, collection fees as a consequence of the higher transactions volume of our Mercado Pago business and hosting and site operation fees; ii) $555 million increase in provision for doubtful accounts mainly related to our credit card, consumer and merchant credits product growth; and iii) $344 million increase in sales and marketing expenses mainly due to an increase in online and offline marketing expenses, buyer protection program expenses, salaries and wages and chargebacks.
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For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, segment costs increased mainly driven by a: i) $771 million increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses, mostly attributable to an increase in shipping operating and carrier costs, cost of goods sold as a consequence of an increase in first-party sales, other fintech costs mainly related to higher funding costs in connection with the growth of our lending business, sales taxes, collection fees as a consequence of the higher transactions volume of our Mercado Pago business and hosting and site operation fees; ii) $221 million increase in provision for doubtful accounts mainly related to our credit card, consumer and merchant credits product growth; and iii) $154 million increase in sales and marketing expenses mainly due to an increase in online and offline marketing expenses, buyer protection program expenses and salaries and wages.
Mexico
For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, segment costs increased mainly driven by a: i) $679 million increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses, mostly attributable to increases in shipping operating and carrier costs, cost of goods sold as a consequence of an increase in first-party sales, collection fees due to higher Mercado Pago penetration, other fintech costs mainly related to higher funding costs in connection with the growth of our lending business and hosting and site operation fees; ii) $103 million increase in provision for doubtful accounts mainly related to our credit card and consumer product business growth; and iii) $81 million increase in sales and marketing expenses mainly due to an increase in online and offline marketing expenses, buyer protection program expenses and salaries and wages.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, segment costs increased mainly driven by a: i) $283 million increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses, mostly attributable to increases in shipping operating and carrier costs, cost of goods sold as a consequence of an increase in first-party sales and collection fees due to higher Mercado Pago penetration; ii) $58 million increase in sales and marketing expenses mainly due to an increase in online and offline marketing expenses and buyer protection program expenses; and iii) $32 million increase in provision for doubtful accounts mainly related to our credit card and consumer product business growth.
Argentina
For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, segment costs increased mainly driven by a: i) $738 million increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses driven by an increase in shipping operating and carrier costs, collection fees due to higher Mercado Pago penetration, sales taxes, other fintech costs mostly related to higher funding cost due to the growth of our lending business and cost of goods sold as a consequence of an increase in first-party sales; ii) $120 million increase in provision for doubtful accounts mainly related to our consumer product growth; iii) $110 million increase in sales and marketing expenses mainly due to an increase in online and offline marketing expenses, chargebacks and buyer protection program expenses; and iv) $40 million increase in general and administrative expenses mainly related to higher withholding tax in connection with intercompany export services billing duties and salaries and wages.
For the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, segment costs increased mainly driven by a: i) $201 million increase in cost of net revenues and financial expenses driven by an increase in other fintech costs mostly related to higher funding cost due to the growth of our lending business, shipping operating and carrier costs, collection fees due to higher Mercado Pago penetration and sales taxes; ii) $54 million increase in provision for doubtful accounts mainly related to our consumer product growth; and iii) $25 million increase in sales and marketing expenses mainly due to an increase in online and offline marketing expenses.
Liquidity and capital resources
Our main cash requirement has been working capital to fund Mercado Pago financing operations and our lending business. We also require cash for capital expenditures related to technology infrastructure, software applications, office space, business acquisitions, to build out our logistics capacity and to make interest payments on our loans payable and other financial liabilities.
We have funded Mercado Pago mainly by selling credit card receivables and through credit lines. Additionally, we have financed our Mercado Pago and lending businesses through the securitization of credit card receivables and certain loans through SPEs created in Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Argentina and sales of loans receivable in Mexico. Moreover, we obtained funding in Brazil through deposit certificates, financial bills, commercial notes and loans from banks, in Argentina mainly through loans from banks, secured lines of credit and issuing debt securities, and in Mexico, Chile and Uruguay through loans from banks and secured lines of credit. Finally, we entered into a revolving credit agreement which provides a $800 million credit commitment. Refer to Note 12 – Loans payable and other financial liabilities and Note 13 – Securitization transactions of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail.
We have committed to contract minimum amounts of certain services such as cloud platform and other technology services, logistics services and leases. In addition, we have unconditional purchase obligations related to capital expenditures. Please refer to Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on purchase commitments.
We and certain financial institutions participate in a supplier finance program (“SFP”) that enables certain of our suppliers, at their own election, to request the payment of their invoices to the financial institutions earlier than the terms stated in our payment policy. See Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies - Supplier finance programs of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail.
As of September 30, 2025, our main source of liquidity was $4,078 million of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which excludes $2,219 million of restricted investments mainly related to the Central Bank of Brazil Mandatory Guarantee, and consists of cash generated from operations and proceeds from loans.
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As of September 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments of our non-U.S. subsidiaries amounted to $13,240 million, or 92.9% of our consolidated cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments, and our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments held outside U.S. amounted to 81.9% of our consolidated cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments. Our non-U.S. dollar-denominated cash and investments are located primarily in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina.
The following table presents our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| (In millions)
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 6,907 |  |  | $ | 4,994 |
Investing activities | (4,178) |  |  | (6,159) |
Financing activities | 1,522 |  |  | 1,202 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents | 249 |  |  | (407) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,500 |  |  | $ | (370) |

Net cash provided by operating activities

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages)
Net cash provided by: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 6,907 |  |  | $ | 4,994 |  |  | $ | 1,913 |  |  | 38.3 | %

Net cash provided by operating activities in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 resulted mainly from an increase in funds payable to customers of $2,607 million, adjustments to net income related to non-cash items of $2,502 million and our net income of $1,438 million, partially offset by an increase in credit card receivables and other means of payments of $1,059 million. The $1,913 million increase in the net cash provided by operating activities in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, is mainly explained by the increase of $724 million in the adjustments to net income related to non-cash items, the $727 million higher increase in funds payable to customers and the $362 million lower increase in credit card receivables and other means of payments.
Net cash used in investing activities

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages)
Net cash used in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investing activities | $ | (4,178) |  |  | $ | (6,159) |  |  | $ | 1,981 |  |  | (32.2) | %

Net cash used in investing activities in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 resulted mainly from the use of $4,586 million related to changes in loans receivable due to loans granted to merchants and consumers, and Mercado Pago credit card utilization under our lending solution net of collections and $916 million in the investments of property and equipment (mainly related to our shipping network and information technology assets), intangibles assets and intangibles assets at fair value, partially offset by an increase of $1,359 million related to the net sale and maturity of investments. The $1,981 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, is mainly explained by the $3,653 million variation in cash flows from investments ($1,359 of cash inflows from net sales or maturity of investments in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, compared to $2,294 of cash outflows from net purchases in the same period in 2024), partially offset by the $1,270 million increase in our loans receivables due to loans granted to merchants and consumers, and Mercado Pago credit card utilization under our lending solution net of collections and the $361 million increase in our investments of property and equipment, intangibles assets and intangibles assets at fair value.
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Net cash provided by financing activities

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change from 2024 to 2025
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Dollars |  | in %
| (In millions, except percentages)
Net cash provided by: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financing activities | $ | 1,522 |  |  | $ | 1,202 |  |  | $ | 320 |  |  | 26.6 | %

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, our net cash provided by financing activities resulted primarily from $1,563 million provided by net loans payables and other financing liabilities, partially offset by $40 million used for the payments of finance lease obligations. The $320 million increase in net cash provided by financing activities in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, is mainly explained by the increase of $322 million of the cash provided by net loans payables and other financing liabilities.
Debt
Debt Securities Guaranteed by Subsidiaries
On January 14, 2021, we issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 2.375% Sustainability Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Sustainability Notes”) and $700 million aggregate principal amount of 3.125% Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes” and collectively, the “Notes”). The payment of principal, premium, if any, interest, and all other amounts in respect of each of the Notes, is fully and unconditionally guaranteed (the “Subsidiary Guarantees”), jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, by certain of our subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”). The initial Subsidiary Guarantors were MercadoLibre S.R.L., Ibazar.com Atividades de Internet Ltda., eBazar.com.br Ltda., Mercado Envios Servicos de Logistica Ltda., Mercado Pago Instituição de Pagamento Ltda. (formerly known as “MercadoPago.com Representações Ltda.”), MercadoLibre Chile Ltda., MercadoLibre, S.A. de C.V., Institución de Fondos de Pago Electrónico (formerly known as “MercadoLibre, S. de R.L. de C.V.”), DeRemate.com de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. and MercadoLibre Colombia Ltda. On October 27, 2021, MercadoLibre, S.A. de C.V., Institución de Fondos de Pago Electrónico became an excluded subsidiary pursuant to the terms of the Notes and it was released from its Subsidiary Guaranty. On October 27, 2021, MP Agregador, S. de R.L. de C.V. became a Subsidiary Guarantor under the Notes. On July 1 and October 1, 2022, Ibazar.com Atividades de Internet Ltda. and Mercado Envios Servicos de Logistica Ltda. were merged into eBazar.com.br Ltda., respectively. On May 2, 2025, as a result of the spin-off of DeRemate.com de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. completed in January 2025 (the “DeRemate Spinoff”), MPFS, S. de R.L. de C.V. became a Subsidiary Guarantor under the Notes.
We pay interest on the Notes on January 14 and July 14 of each year, beginning on July 14, 2021. The 2026 Sustainability Notes will mature on January 14, 2026, and the 2031 Notes will mature on January 14, 2031.
The Notes rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s other existing and future senior unsecured debt obligations. Each Subsidiary Guarantee will rank equally in right of payment with all of the Subsidiary Guarantor’s other existing and future senior unsecured debt obligations, except for statutory priorities under applicable local law.
Each Subsidiary Guarantee will be limited to the maximum amount that would not render the Subsidiary Guarantor’s obligations subject to avoidance under applicable fraudulent conveyance provisions of applicable law. By virtue of this limitation, a Subsidiary Guarantor’s obligation under its Subsidiary Guarantee could be significantly less than amounts payable with respect to the Notes, or a Subsidiary Guarantor may have effectively no obligation under its Subsidiary Guarantee.
Under the indenture governing the Notes, the Subsidiary Guarantee of a Subsidiary Guarantor will terminate upon: (i) the sale, exchange, disposition or other transfer (including by way of consolidation or merger) of the Subsidiary Guarantor or the sale or disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Subsidiary Guarantor (other than to the Company or a Subsidiary) otherwise permitted by the indenture, (ii) satisfaction of the requirements for legal or covenant defeasance or discharge of the Notes, (iii) the release or discharge of the guarantee by such Subsidiary Guarantor of the Triggering Indebtedness (as defined in the applicable indenture) or the repayment of the Triggering Indebtedness, in each case, that resulted in the obligation of such Subsidiary to become a Subsidiary Guarantor, provided that in no event shall the Subsidiary Guarantee of an Initial Subsidiary Guarantor terminate pursuant to this provision, or (iv) such Subsidiary Guarantor becoming an Excluded Subsidiary (as defined in the applicable indenture) or ceasing to be a Subsidiary.
We may, at our option, redeem the 2026 Sustainability Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to December 14, 2025 (the date that is one month prior to the maturity of the 2026 Sustainability Notes) and the 2031 Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to October 14, 2030 (the date that is three months prior to the maturity of the 2031 Notes), in each case by paying 100% of the principal amount of such Notes so redeemed plus the applicable “make-whole” amount and accrued and unpaid interest and additional amounts, if any. We may, at our option, redeem the 2026 Sustainability Notes, in whole or in part, on December 14, 2025 or at any time thereafter and the 2031 Notes on October 14, 2030 or at any time thereafter, in each case at the redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of such Notes so redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest and additional amounts, if any. If we experience certain change of control triggering events, we may be required to offer to purchase the notes at 101% of their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the purchase date.
During 2024, we repurchased $27 million and $81 million in principal amount of the outstanding 2026 Sustainability Notes and 2031 Notes, respectively. The total amount paid during 2024 for those repurchases amounted to $98 million. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, we repurchased $13 million in principal amount of the outstanding 2031 Notes. The total amount paid amounted to $12 million. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, we did not repurchase Notes. See Note 12 – Loans payable and other financial liabilities of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail.
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We are presenting the following summarized financial information for the issuer and the Subsidiary Guarantors (together, the “Obligor Group”) pursuant to Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X, Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities Registered or Being Registered. For purposes of the following summarized financial information, transactions between the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, presented on a combined basis, have been eliminated. Financial information for the non-guarantor subsidiaries, and any investment in a non-guarantor subsidiary by the Company or by any Subsidiary Guarantor, have been excluded. Amounts due from, due to and transactions with the non-guarantor subsidiaries and other related parties, as applicable, have been separately presented in footnotes.
Summarized balance sheet information for the Obligor Group as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is provided in the table below:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Current assets (1) (2) | $ | 20,690 |  |  | $ | 15,510 |
Non-current assets (3) | 5,975 |  |  | 3,849 |
Current liabilities (4) | 20,411 |  |  | 14,935 |
Non-current liabilities | 3,318 |  |  | 2,449 |

(1) Includes restricted cash and cash equivalents of $5,272 million and $940 million and guarantees in short-term investments of $2,205 million and $3,417 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(2) Includes Current assets with non-guarantor subsidiaries of $1,335 million and $2,520 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(3) Includes Non-current assets with non-guarantor subsidiaries of $196 million and $152 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(4) Includes Current liabilities with non-guarantor subsidiaries of $2,554 million and $2,749 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Summarized statement of income information for the Obligor Group for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, is provided in the table below:

|  | September 30, 2025
|  | (In millions)
Net revenues and financial income (1) |  | $ | 15,816
Gross profit (2) |  | 6,187
Income from operations (3) |  | 1,535
Net income (4) |  | 893

(1) Includes net revenues and financial income from transactions with non-guarantor subsidiaries of $343 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025.
(2) Includes charges from transactions with non-guarantor subsidiaries of $529 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025.
(3) In addition to the charges included in Gross profit, Income from operations includes charges from transactions with non-guarantor subsidiaries of $382 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025.
(4) Includes other income/ (expense), net from transactions with non-guarantor subsidiaries of $63 million gain for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025.
Capital expenditures
Our capital expenditures comprised of our investments in property and equipment (such as certain assets used in our fulfillment centers) and intangible assets (excluding digital assets) for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 amounted to $900 million and $555 million, respectively.
During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, we invested $315 million in information and technology assets in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, and $498 million in our Brazilian and Mexican shipping premises and offices.
We are continually increasing our level of investment in hardware and software licenses necessary to improve and update our platform’s technology and computer software developed internally. We anticipate continued investments in capital expenditures related to information technology and logistics network capacity in the future as we strive to maintain our position in the Latin American e-commerce and fintech market.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, including the sale of credit card receivables, short-term investments and cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to fund our operating activities, property and equipment expenditures and to pay or repay obligations in the foreseeable future.
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Other data
The following table includes eight key performance indicators, which are calculated as defined in the footnotes to the table. We continuously assess the adequacy of our key performance indicators based on the growth and ever changing nature of our business. Each of these indicators provides a different measure of the level of activity on our ecosystem, which we use to monitor the performance of the business.

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In millions, except percentages) (1) |  | (In millions, except percentages) (1)
Fintech monthly active users (2) | 72 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 56 |
Unique active buyers (3) | 107 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 61 |
Gross merchandise volume (4) | $ | 45,131 |  |  | $ | 36,919 |  |  | $ | 16,543 |  |  | $ | 12,907 |
Number of items sold (5) | 1,677 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 456 |
Total payment volume (6) | $ | 194,129 |  |  | $ | 137,746 |  |  | $ | 71,224 |  |  | $ | 50,691 |
Acquiring total payments volume (7) | $ | 132,394 |  |  | $ | 100,367 |  |  | $ | 47,712 |  |  | $ | 36,042 |
Total payment transactions (8) | 10,964 |  |  | 8,030 |  |  | 4,013 |  |  | 2,936 |
NIMAL (9) | 22.0 | % |  | 28.3 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 24.2 | %
Capital expenditures | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 555 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 223 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 580 |  |  | $ | 465 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 157 |

(1) Figures have been calculated using rounded amounts. Growth calculations based on this table may not total due to rounding.
(2) Fintech monthly active users is defined as Fintech payers and/or collectors as of September 30, 2025, that, during the last month of the reporting period, performed at least one of the following actions during such month: 1) made a debit or credit card payment, 2) made a QR code payment, 3) made an off-platform online payment using our checkout or link of payment solutions while logged in to our Mercado Pago fintech platform, 4) made an investment or employed any of our savings solutions, 5) purchased an insurance policy, 6) took out a loan through our lending solution, or 7) received the payment from a sale or transaction either on or off marketplace.
(3) Unique active buyers is defined as users that have performed at least one purchase on the Mercado Libre Marketplace during the reported period. From the second quarter of 2025 onwards, we have included food delivery transactions in the current indicator.
(4) Total U.S. dollar sum of all transactions completed through the Mercado Libre Marketplace, excluding Classifieds transactions. From the second quarter of 2025 onwards, we have included food delivery transactions in the current indicator.
(5) Number of items that were sold/purchased through the Mercado Libre Marketplace, excluding Classifieds items. From the second quarter of 2025 onwards, we have included food delivery transactions in the current indicator.
(6) Total U.S. dollar sum of all transactions paid for using Mercado Pago, including marketplace and non-marketplace transactions, excluding peer-to-peer transactions.
(7) Total U.S. dollar sum of all transactions settled using our Mercado Pago and Mercado Pago's payment processing and settling services in marketplace and non-marketplace transactions and consist of the following transactions volume: 1) point of sale payment volume, 2) commerce payment volume through our Mercado Libre Marketplace, 3) online payment volume through our checkout or link payment solution for merchants, and 4) QR code payment volume.
(8) Number of all transactions paid for using Mercado Pago, excluding peer-to-peer transactions.
(9) Net interest margins after losses (“NIMAL”) represents the annualized ratio between the total credit revenues (excluding the results of sale of loans receivables) less funding costs and provision for doubtful accounts for the period (excluding the results of sale of loans receivables) and total average gross loans receivable for the period. Management uses NIMAL to monitor how effective our pricing is and managing the credit products relative to their risk and setting targets. Accordingly, Management is of the opinion that NIMAL provides useful information to investors and others related to our risk appetite through the different periods and shows how we effectively prices risk.
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Non-GAAP Measures of Financial Performance
To supplement our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we present earnings before interest income and other financial gains, interest expense and other financial losses, foreign currency losses, net, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), net debt, foreign exchange (“FX”) neutral measures and Adjusted free cash flow and Net increase (decrease) in available cash, investments and digital assets as non-GAAP measures. Reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures can be found in the tables below.
These non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. Non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures.
We believe that reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure provides investors an overall understanding of our current financial performance and its prospects for the future.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents our net income, adjusted to eliminate the effect of depreciation and amortization charges, interest income and other financial gains, interest expense and other financial losses, foreign currency losses, net and income tax expense. We have included this non-GAAP financial measure because it is used by our Management to evaluate our operating performance and trends, make strategic decisions and the calculation of leverage ratios. Accordingly, we believe this measure provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our Management. In addition, it provides a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business, as it removes the effect of certain items.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In millions) |  | (In millions)
Net income | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 397 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 580 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 157 |
Interest income and other financial gains | (130) |  |  | (107) |  |  | (49) |  |  | (43) |
Interest expense and other financial losses | 110 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 40 |
Foreign currency losses, net | 274 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 40 |
Income tax expense | 620 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 123 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 2,892 |  |  | $ | 2,276 |  |  | $ | 933 |  |  | $ | 714 |

Net debt
We define net debt as total debt which includes current and non-current loans payable and other financial liabilities and current and non-current operating lease liabilities, less cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash and cash equivalents restricted due to management restriction policies) and digital assets, short-term investments and long-term investments, excluding time deposits and foreign government debt securities restricted and held in guarantee, securitization transactions and equity securities held at cost. We have included this non-GAAP financial measure because it is used by our Management to analyze our current leverage ratios and set targets to be met, which will also impact other components of the Company’s balance sheet, cash flows and income statement. Accordingly, we believe this measure provides useful information to investors and other market participants in showing the evolution of the Company’s indebtedness and its capability of repayment as a means to, alongside other measures, monitor our leverage based on widely-used measures.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of net debt for each of the periods indicated:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| (In millions)
Current Loans payable and other financial liabilities | $ | 4,431 |  |  | $ | 2,828 |
Non-current Loans payable and other financial liabilities | 3,409 |  |  | 2,887 |
Current Operating lease liabilities | 401 |  |  | 241 |
Non-current Operating lease liabilities | 1,636 |  |  | 894 |
Total debt | 9,877 |  |  | 6,850 |
Less: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents and digital assets (1) | 2,527 |  |  | 2,428 |
Short-term investments (2) | 1,496 |  |  | 1,051 |
Long-term investments (3) | 1,249 |  |  | 1,124 |
Net debt | $ | 4,605 |  |  | $ | 2,247 |

(1) Includes cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash and cash equivalents restricted due to management restriction policies) and digital assets. Figures as of December 31, 2024 were recast for consistency with the current presentation due to the changes explained in "Adjusted free cash flow".
(2) Excludes time deposits and foreign government debt securities restricted and held in guarantee.
(3) Excludes foreign government debt securities restricted, investments held in VIEs as a consequence of securitization transactions and equity securities held at cost.
FX neutral
We believe that FX neutral measures provide useful information to both Management and investors by excluding the foreign currency exchange rate impact that may not be indicative of our core operating results and business outlook.
The FX neutral measures were calculated by using the average monthly exchange rates for each month during 2024 and applying them to the corresponding months in 2025, so as to calculate what our results would have been had exchange rates remained stable from one year to the next. The table below excludes intercompany allocation FX effects. Finally, these measures do not include any other macroeconomic effect such as local currency inflation effects, the impact on impairment calculations or any price adjustment to compensate local currency inflation or devaluations.
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The following table sets forth the FX neutral measures related to our reported results of the operations for the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | As reported |  | Percentage Change |  | FX Neutral Measures |  | As reported |  | Percentage Change
(Unaudited) |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
|  | (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Net revenues and financial income |  | $ | 20,134 |  |  | $ | 14,718 |  |  | 36.8 | % |  | $ | 22,765 |  |  | $ | 14,718 |  |  | 54.7 | %
Cost of net revenues and financial expenses |  | (11,060) |  |  | (7,890) |  |  | 40.2 | % |  | (12,286) |  |  | (7,890) |  |  | 55.7 | %
Gross profit |  | 9,074 |  |  | 6,828 |  |  | 32.9 | % |  | 10,479 |  |  | 6,828 |  |  | 53.5 | %
Operating expenses |  | (6,762) |  |  | (5,017) |  |  | 34.8 | % |  | (7,549) |  |  | (5,017) |  |  | 50.5 | %
Income from operations |  | $ | 2,312 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |  |  | 27.7 | % |  | $ | 2,930 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |  |  | 61.8 | %
|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
|  | As reported |  | Percentage Change |  | FX Neutral Measures |  | As reported |  | Percentage Change
(Unaudited) |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
|  | (In millions, except percentages) |  | (In millions, except percentages)
Net revenues and financial income |  | $ | 7,409 |  |  | $ | 5,312 |  |  | 39.5 | % |  | $ | 7,908 |  |  | $ | 5,312 |  |  | 48.9 | %
Cost of net revenues and financial expenses |  | (4,200) |  |  | (2,873) |  |  | 46.2 | % |  | (4,396) |  |  | (2,873) |  |  | 53.0 | %
Gross profit |  | 3,209 |  |  | 2,439 |  |  | 31.6 | % |  | 3,512 |  |  | 2,439 |  |  | 44.0 | %
Operating expenses |  | (2,485) |  |  | (1,882) |  |  | 32.0 | % |  | (2,641) |  |  | (1,882) |  |  | 40.3 | %
Income from operations |  | $ | 724 |  |  | $ | 557 |  |  | 30.0 | % |  | $ | 871 |  |  | $ | 557 |  |  | 56.4 | %

See Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies - Foreign currency translation - Argentine currency status and macroeconomic outlook and Argentine exchange regulations of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on the currency status and the exchange regulations of our Argentine segment.
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Adjusted free cash flow and Net increase (decrease) in available cash, investments and digital assets
Adjusted free cash flow
Adjusted free cash flow represents cash from operating activities less the increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and investments related to customer funds due to regulatory requirements and other restrictions and equity securities held at cost, investments in property and equipment and intangible assets, changes in loans receivable, net and net proceeds from/payments on loans payable and other financial liabilities related to our Fintech solutions, since we consider those liabilities as the working capital of the Fintech activities. From the second quarter of 2025 onwards, we have also included increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and investments restricted due to management restriction policies and digital assets as an adjustment in the calculation of our adjusted free cash flow. We consider adjusted free cash flow to be a measure of liquidity generation that provides useful information to management and investors since it shows how much cash the Company generates with its core activities that can be used for discretionary purposes and to repay its corporate and/or commerce debt. A limitation of the utility of adjusted free cash flow as a measure of liquidity generation is that it is a partial representation of the total increase or decrease in our available cash, investments and digital assets balance for the period. Therefore, we believe it is important to view the adjusted free cash flow measure only as a complement to our entire consolidated statements of cash flows.
Net increase (decrease) in available cash, investments and digital assets
Net increase (decrease) in available cash, investments and digital assets (from the second quarter of 2025 onwards, our available funds include digital asset holdings) represents adjusted free cash flow less net proceeds from/payments on loans payable and other financial liabilities, related to our Commerce and corporate activities, payments of finance lease obligations, other investing and/or financing activities not considered above and the effect of exchange rates changes on available cash and investments. We consider Net increase (decrease) in available cash, investments and digital assets to be a measure of liquidity availability that provides useful information to management and investors after netting out all other debt and corporate payments and activities from the adjusted free cash flow.
The following table shows a reconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Adjusted free cash flow and Net increase in available cash, investments and digital assets:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 (3)
| (In millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities ("CFO") | $ | 6,907 |  |  | $ | 4,994 |
Adjustments to reconcile CFO to Adjusted free cash flow (1) | 70 |  |  | 127 |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents and investments related to customer funds due to regulatory requirements and other restrictions (including management restriction policies) and equity securities held at cost | (2,528) |  |  | (1,584) |
Investments in property and equipment and intangible assets | (900) |  |  | (555) |
Changes in loans receivable, net | (4,586) |  |  | (3,316) |
Proceeds from loans payable and other financial liabilities related to our Fintech solutions, net | 1,755 |  |  | 989 |
Adjusted free cash flow | 718 |  |  | 655 |
Payments on/Proceeds from loans payable and other financial liabilities, related to our Commerce and Corporate activities, net | (232) |  |  | 214 |
Other investing and/or financing activities | (36) |  |  | 5 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on available cash and investments | 219 |  |  | (219) |
Net increase in available cash, investments and digital assets | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 655 |
Available cash, investments and digital assets (2), at the beginning of the period | 4,603 |  |  | 3,668 |
Available cash, investments and digital assets (2), at the end of the period | 5,272 |  |  | 4,323 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (4,178) |  |  | (6,159) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,522 |  |  | 1,202 |

(1) Includes accrued interest and financial income net of interest received from available and restricted investments, and results on digital assets.
(2) Includes cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash and cash equivalents restricted due to management restriction policies), short-term investments (excluding time deposits and foreign government debt securities restricted and held in guarantee) and long-term investments (excluding foreign government debt securities restricted, investments held in VIEs as a consequence of securitization transactions and equity securities held at cost) and digital assets.
(3) Recast for consistency with the current presentation due to the changes explained above.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks arising from our business operations. These market risks arise mainly from macroeconomic instability and the possibility that changes in interest rates and the U.S. dollar exchange rate with local currencies, particularly the Brazilian Real, Mexican Peso and Argentine Peso due to Brazil’s, Mexico’s and Argentina’s respective share of our revenues, may affect the value of our financial assets and liabilities.
We are also exposed to market risks arising from our LTRPs. These market risks arise from our obligations to pay employees cash payments in amounts that vary based on the market price of our stock.
Foreign currencies
We have significant operations internationally that are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the Brazilian Real, Argentine Peso, Mexican Peso, Colombian Peso and Chilean Peso, subjecting us to foreign currency risk, which may adversely impact our financial results. We transact business in various foreign currencies and have significant international revenues and costs. In addition, we charge our international subsidiaries for their use of intellectual property and technology and for certain corporate services. Our cash flows, results of operations and certain of our intercompany balances that are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations may differ materially from expectations and we may record significant gains or losses due to foreign currency fluctuations and related hedging activities.
We use foreign currency exchange forward contracts and currency swaps to protect our foreign currency exposure and our investment in a foreign subsidiary from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These hedging contracts reduce, but do not entirely eliminate, the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements. We designate these contracts as cash flow, net investment and fair value hedges for accounting purposes. The derivatives’ gain or loss for cash flow and net investment hedges is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Cash flow hedges and net investment hedges are subsequently reclassified into the interim condensed consolidated statements of income in the financial statement line item in which the hedged item is recorded in the same period the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The derivatives’ gain or loss for fair value hedges is reported in our interim condensed consolidated statements of income in the same line items as the change in the value of the hedged item due to the hedged risks.
As of September 30, 2025, we hold cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term investments in local currencies in our subsidiaries, and have receivables denominated in local currencies in all of our operations. Our subsidiaries generate revenues and incur most of their expenses in the respective local currencies of the countries in which they operate. As a result, our subsidiaries use their local currency as their functional currency except for our Argentine subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar due to the inflationary environment. As of September 30, 2025, the total cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies totaled $8,388 million, short-term investments denominated in foreign currencies totaled $2,481 million, long-term investments denominated in foreign currencies totaled $703 million and accounts receivable, credit card receivables and other means of payment (including those presented within non-current other assets) and loans receivable in foreign currencies totaled $15,235 million. To manage exchange rate risk, our treasury policy is to transfer most cash and cash equivalents in excess of working capital requirements into U.S. dollar-denominated accounts in the United States and to enter into certain foreign exchange derivatives, such as currency forwards contracts, in order to mitigate our exposure to foreign exchange risk. As of September 30, 2025, our U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $2,045 million and our U.S. dollar-denominated long-term investments totaled $633 million.
For the nine and three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, we had a consolidated loss on foreign currency of $274 million and $102 million, respectively, mainly related to foreign exchange losses from our Argentine subsidiaries. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of operations— Other income (expenses), net” for more information.
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Foreign currency sensitivity analysis
The table below shows the impact on our net revenues and financial income, cost of net revenues and financial expenses, operating expenses, other income (expenses), net, income tax, net income and equity for a positive and a negative 10% fluctuation on all the foreign currencies to which we are exposed to at the moment of translating our financial statements to U.S. dollars for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025:

| (10)% (1) |  | Actual |  | 10% (2)
| (In millions)
Net revenues and financial income | $ | 22,367 |  |  | $ | 20,134 |  |  | $ | 18,306 |
Expenses (3) | (19,716) |  |  | (17,822) |  |  | (16,272) |
Income from operations | 2,651 |  |  | 2,312 |  |  | 2,034 |
Other income (expenses), net and income tax expense | (964) |  |  | (874) |  |  | (799) |
Net Income | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 1,235 |
Total Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 6,944 |  |  | $ | 6,218 |  |  | $ | 5,625 |

(1) Appreciation of the subsidiaries’ local currency against U.S. Dollar.
(2) Depreciation of the subsidiaries’ local currency against U.S. Dollar.
(3) Includes cost of net revenues and financial expenses and operating expenses.
The table above shows an increase in our net income when the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies because of the positive impact of the increase in income from operations. On the other hand, the table above shows a decrease in our net income when the U.S. dollar strengthens against foreign currencies because of the negative impact of the decrease in income from operations.
Brazilian segment
Considering a hypothetical increase (depreciation) of 10% of the Brazilian Real exchange rate against the U.S. dollar on September 30, 2025, the reported local currency net assets in our Brazilian subsidiaries would have decreased by approximately $389 million with the related impact in Other Comprehensive Income. Additionally, we would have recorded a foreign currency loss amounting to approximately $13 million in our Brazilian subsidiaries regarding our non-functional currency net liability position.
Mexican segment
Considering a hypothetical increase (depreciation) of 10% of the Mexican Peso exchange rate against the U.S. dollar on September 30, 2025, the reported local currency net assets in our Mexican subsidiaries would have decreased by approximately $236 million with the related impact in Other Comprehensive Income. Additionally, we would have recorded a foreign currency loss amounting to approximately $64 million in our Mexican subsidiaries regarding our non-functional currency net liability position.
Argentine segment
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we have classified our Argentine operations as highly inflationary since July 1, 2018, using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency for purposes of reporting our financial statements. Therefore, no translation effect has been accounted for in other comprehensive income related to our Argentine operations since July 1, 2018. Argentina’s inflation rate for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 22.0% and 101.6%, respectively.
We use Argentina’s official exchange rate to account for transactions in our Argentine segment, which as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 1,380.00 and 1,032.00 Argentine Pesos, respectively, against the U.S. dollar. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 Argentina’s official exchange rate against the U.S. dollar increased 33.7% and 20.0%, respectively. The average exchange rate for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 1,180.36 and 887.76, respectively, resulting in an increase of 33.0%.
Considering a hypothetical increase (depreciation) of 10% of the Argentine Peso exchange rate against the U.S. dollar on September 30, 2025, the effect on non-functional currency net asset position in our Argentine subsidiaries would have been a foreign exchange loss amounting to approximately $62 million in our Argentine subsidiaries.
See Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies - Foreign currency translation - Argentine currency status and Argentine exchange regulations” of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on the currency status and the exchange regulations of our Argentine segment.
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Interest
Our earnings and cash flows are also affected by changes in interest rates. These changes could have an impact on the interest rates that financial institutions charge us prior to the time we sell our credit card receivables and on the financial debt that we use to fund Mercado Pago and lending’s operations. As of September 30, 2025, Credit card receivables and other means of payments, net totaled $6,746 million (includes $98 million presented within non-current other assets in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets). Interest rate fluctuations could also impact interest earned through our lending solution. As of September 30, 2025, loans receivable net of the allowance for doubtful accounts from our lending solution totaled $8,192 million. Interest rate fluctuations could also negatively affect certain of our fixed rate and floating rate investments comprised primarily of time deposits, money market funds and sovereign debt securities. Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning products carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than predicted if interest rates fall.
As of September 30, 2025, our short-term investments amounted to $3,715 million and our long-term investments amounted to $1,336 million. Our short-term investments can be readily converted at any time into cash or into securities with a shorter remaining time to maturity. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluate such designations as of each balance sheet date. See Note 3 – Fintech Regulations and Note 4 – Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on our restricted investments.
Fluctuations of the interest rate could also have a negative impact on interest expense related to our Loans payable and other financial liabilities, as a portion of these instruments is subject to variable interest rates. As of September 30, 2025, our Loans payable and other financial liabilities which accrue interest based on variable rates amounted to $5,811 million, while our Loans payable and other financial liabilities, which accrue interest based on fixed rates, amounted to $2,029 million. See Note 12 – Loans payable and other financial liabilities and Note 13 – Securitization transactions of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail. Considering a hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in the interest rates, the reported charge to the interim condensed consolidated statements of income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 would have increased by approximately $39 million with the impact in Cost of net revenues and financial expenses or in Interest expense and other financial losses. We have entered into swap and future contracts to hedge the interest rate fluctuation of $909 million notional amount, $789 million of which have been designated as hedging instruments. See Note 15 – Derivative instruments of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on derivative instruments.
Equity price risk
Our Board, upon the recommendation of the compensation committee, approved the 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 Long Term Retention Programs (the “2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 LTRPs,” respectively), under which certain eligible employees have the opportunity to receive cash payments annually for a period of six years. In order to receive the full target award under the 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and/or 2025 LTRPs, each eligible employee must remain employed as of each applicable payment date. The 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 LTRP awards are payable as follows:
■the eligible employee will receive 16.66% of half of his or her target 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and/or 2025 LTRP bonus once a year for a period of six years, with the first payment occurring no later than April 30, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively (the “2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 or 2025 Annual Fixed Payment,” respectively); and
■on each date we pay the respective Annual Fixed Payment to an eligible employee, he or she will also receive a payment (the “2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 or 2025 Variable Payment”) equal to the product of (i) 16.66% of half of the target 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and/or 2025 LTRP bonus and (ii) the quotient of (a) divided by (b), where (a), the numerator, equals the Applicable Year Stock Price (as defined below) and (b), the denominator, equals the average closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market during the final 60 trading days of 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 defined as $553.45, $1,431.26, $1,391.81, $888.69, $1,426.11 and $1,944.47 for the 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 LTRPs, respectively. The “Applicable Year Stock Price” shall equal the average closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market during the final 60 trading days of the year preceding the applicable payment date.
As of September 30, 2025, the total contractual obligation fair value of our outstanding LTRP Variable Payment obligation subject to equity price risk amounted to $866 million. As of September 30, 2025, the accrued liability related to the outstanding Variable Payment of the LTRP included in Salaries and social security payable in our consolidated balance sheet amounted to $151 million. The following table shows a sensitivity analysis of the risk associated with our total contractual obligation fair value related to the outstanding LTRP Variable Award Payment subject to equity price risk if our common stock price per share were to increase or decrease by up to 40%:
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Change in equity price in percentage | As of September 30, 2025
MercadoLibre, Inc Equity Price |  | 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 LTRP Variable contractual obligation
| (In millions, except equity price)
40% | 3,287.05 |  |  | 1,212 |
30% | 3,052.26 |  |  | 1,125 |
20% | 2,817.47 |  |  | 1,039 |
10% | 2,582.68 |  |  | 952 |
Static (1) | 2,347.89 |  |  | 866 |
(10)% | 2,113.10 |  |  | 779 |
(20)% | 1,878.31 |  |  | 693 |
(30)% | 1,643.52 |  |  | 606 |
(40)% | 1,408.73 |  |  | 519 |

(1) Present value of average closing stock price for the last 60 trading days of the year preceding the applicable payment date.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b), our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Item 1 of Part I, “Financial Statements — Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation and Other Legal Matters.”
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
As of September 30, 2025, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in the Company’s 2024 10-K.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (In millions)
July, 2025 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Up to $_
August, 2025 |  | 457 |  | $2,342.13 |  | 457 |  | Up to $_
September, 2025 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Up to $_

(1) As announced on August 1, 2025, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $4.05 million in Company stock at any time and from time to time through open-market repurchases, derivatives and trading plans, including pursuant to a 10b5-1 trading plan. During the third quarter of 2025, we repurchased 457 shares for $1 million, excluding any broker commissions, under a 10b5-1 trading plan. The 10b5-1 plan pursuant to which such shares were repurchased will expire pursuant to its terms on June 30, 2027 which is also the expiration date of the share repurchase program described above.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The information set forth under “Exhibits Index” below is incorporated herein by reference.
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description |  | Filed (*) or Furnished (**) Herewith |  | Incorporated by Reference
|  |  | Form |  | Filing Date
3.1 |  | Registrant’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |  |  |  | S-1 |  | May 11, 2007
3.2 |  | Registrant’s Amended and Restated Bylaws. |  |  |  | S-1 |  | May 11, 2007
4.1 |  | Form of Specimen Certificate for the Registrant’s Common Stock. |  |  |  | 10-K |  | February 27, 2009
4.2 |  | Indenture, dated January 14, 2021, between MercadoLibre, Inc., MercadoLibre S.R.L., Ibazar.com Atividades de Internet Ltda., eBazar.com.br Ltda., Mercado Envios Servicos de Logistica Ltda., MercadoPago.com Representações Ltda., MercadoLibre Chile Ltda., MercadoLibre, S. de R.L. de C.V., DeRemate.com de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. and MercadoLibre Colombia Ltda. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. |  |  |  | 8-K |  | January 14, 2021
4.3 |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated January 14, 2021, between MercadoLibre, Inc., MercadoLibre S.R.L., Ibazar.com Atividades de Internet Ltda., eBazar.com.br Ltda., Mercado Envios Servicos de Logistica Ltda., MercadoPago.com Representações Ltda., MercadoLibre Chile Ltda., MercadoLibre, S. de R.L. de C.V., DeRemate.com de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. and MercadoLibre Colombia Ltda. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. |  |  |  | 8-K |  | January 14, 2021
4.4 |  | Form of Global Note representing the Registrant’s 2.375% Sustainability Notes due 2026. |  |  |  | 8-K |  | January 14, 2021
4.5 |  | Form of Global Note representing the Registrant’s 3.125% Notes due 2031. |  |  |  | 8-K |  | January 14, 2021
4.6 |  | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated October 27, 2021 among MP Agregador, S. de R.L. de C.V., MercadoLibre, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee. |  |  |  | 10-K |  | February 23, 2022
4.7 |  | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated May 2, 2025, among MPFS, S. de R.L. de C.V., MercadoLibre, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee. |  |  |  | 10-Q |  | May 8, 2025
10.1 |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated September 12, 2025, among MercadoLibre, Inc., as borrower, the lenders party thereto, Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent, and MercadoLibre S.R.L., Ebazar.com.br Ltda., Mercado Pago Instituição de Pagamento Ltda, DeRemate.com de Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V., MPFS, S. de R.L. de C.V., MP Agregador, S. de R.L. de C.V., MercadoLibre Chile Ltda., and MercadoLibre Colombia Ltda. as guarantors. |  |  |  | 8-K |  | September 16, 2025
10.2 |  | MercadoLibre, Inc. 2025 Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan. |  | * |  |  |  |
10.3 |  | Form of Independent Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement. |  | * |  |  |  |
22.1 |  | List of Subsidiary Guarantors for the Registrant’s 2.375% Sustainability Notes due 2026 and 3.125% Notes due 2031. |  |  |  | 10-Q |  | May 8, 2025
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | * |  |  |  |
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | * |  |  |  |
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | * |  |  |  |
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | * |  |  |  |
101 |  | The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Interim Condensed Statements of Equity, (v) Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |  | * |  |  |  |
104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101. |  | * |  |  |  |

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| MERCADOLIBRE, INC.
| Registrant
Date: October 30, 2025. | By: | /s/ Marcos Galperin
|  | Marcos Galperin
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer
| By: | /s/ Martín de los Santos
|  | Martín de los Santos
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

66 | MercadoLibre, Inc.