(10) Past due balances of financing receivables still accruing finance income represent the total balance held (principal plus accrued interest) with any payment amounts 30 days or more past the contractual payment due date. Non-performing financing receivables represent loans for which the Company has ceased accruing finance income. These receivables are generally 120 days delinquent and the estimated uncollectible amount, after charging the dealer’s withholding account, if any, has been written off to the allowance for credit losses. Finance income for non-performing receivables is recognized on a cash basis. Accrual of finance income is generally resumed when the receivable becomes contractually current and collections are reasonably assured.

An age analysis of past due financing receivables that are still accruing interest and non-performing financing receivables in millions of dollars follows:


	July 29, 2018
					90 Days
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		or Greater		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	138	$	53	$	54	$	245
Construction and forestry		105		43		50		198
Other:
Agriculture and turf		37		14		12		63
Construction and forestry		12		6		3		21
Total	$	292	$	116	$	119	$	527

							Total
	Total		Total				Financing
	Past Due		Non-Performing		Current		Receivables
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	245	$	203	$	17,048	$	17,496
Construction and forestry		198		42		2,967		3,207
Other:
Agriculture and turf		63		14		8,009		8,086
Construction and forestry		21		3		1,249		1,273
Total	$	527	$	262	$	29,273		30,062
Less allowance for credit losses								187
Total financing receivables – net							$	29,875


	October 29, 2017
					90 Days
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		or Greater		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	118	$	54	$	49	$	221
Construction and forestry		75		33		39		147
Other:
Agriculture and turf		27		14		7		48
Construction and forestry		11		6		2		19
Total	$	231	$	107	$	97	$	435

							Total
	Total		Total				Financing
	Past Due		Non-Performing		Current		Receivables
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	221	$	173	$	17,508	$	17,902
Construction and forestry		147		30		2,618		2,795
Other:
Agriculture and turf		48		12		7,610		7,670
Construction and forestry		19		5		1,059		1,083
Total	$	435	$	220	$	28,795		29,450
Less allowance for credit losses								187
Total financing receivables – net							$	29,263


	July 30, 2017
					90 Days
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		or Greater		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	133	$	53	$	58	$	244
Construction and forestry		93		41		40		174
Other:
Agriculture and turf		35		17		8		60
Construction and forestry		7		5		1		13
Total	$	268	$	116	$	107	$	491

							Total
	Total		Total				Financing
	Past Due		Non-Performing		Current		Receivables
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	244	$	218	$	17,025	$	17,487
Construction and forestry		174		34		2,546		2,754
Other:
Agriculture and turf		60		11		7,494		7,565
Construction and forestry		13		16		999		1,028
Total	$	491	$	279	$	28,064		28,834
Less allowance for credit losses								189
Total financing receivables – net							$	28,645

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses and investment in financing receivables in millions of dollars during the periods follows:


	Three Months Ended July 29, 2018
			Revolving
	Retail		Charge
	Notes		Accounts		Other		Total
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	120	$	40	$	27	$	187
Provision		8		21		3		32
Write-offs		(9)		(26)		(1)		(36)
Recoveries		3		5				8
Translation adjustments		(4)						(4)
End of period balance *	$	118	$	40	$	29	$	187

	Nine Months Ended July 29, 2018
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	121	$	40	$	26	$	187
Provision		13		29		7		49
Write-offs		(23)		(44)		(5)		(72)
Recoveries		13		15		1		29
Translation adjustments		(6)						(6)
End of period balance *	$	118	$	40	$	29	$	187
Financing receivables:
End of period balance	$	20,703	$	3,750	$	5,609	$	30,062
Balance individually evaluated **	$	120	$	1	$	13	$	134


	Three Months Ended July 30, 2017
			Revolving
	Retail		Charge
	Notes		Accounts		Other		Total
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	111	$	43	$	23	$	177
Provision		21		18		3		42
Write-offs		(15)		(26)		(1)		(42)
Recoveries		5		5				10
Translation adjustments		1				1		2
End of period balance *	$	123	$	40	$	26	$	189

	Nine Months Ended July 30, 2017
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	113	$	40	$	23	$	176
Provision		38		32		6		76
Write-offs		(41)		(47)		(4)		(92)
Recoveries		13		15				28
Translation adjustments						1		1
End of period balance *	$	123	$	40	$	26	$	189
Financing receivables:
End of period balance	$	20,241	$	3,454	$	5,139	$	28,834
Balance individually evaluated **	$	144	$	1	$	27	$	172

* Individual allowances were not significant.

** Remainder is collectively evaluated.

Financing receivables are considered impaired when it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms. Receivables reviewed for impairment generally include those that are either past due, or have provided bankruptcy notification, or require significant collection efforts. Receivables that are impaired are generally classified as non-performing.

An analysis of the impaired financing receivables in millions of dollars follows:


			Unpaid				Average
	Recorded		Principal		Specific		Recorded
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment
July 29, 2018*
Receivables with specific allowance **	$	31	$	30	$	12	$	33
Receivables without a specific allowance **		37		35				40
Total	$	68	$	65	$	12	$	73
Agriculture and turf	$	51	$	49	$	10	$	54
Construction and forestry	$	17	$	16	$	2	$	19

October 29, 2017*
Receivables with specific allowance **	$	36	$	33	$	10	$	30
Receivables without a specific allowance ***		28		27				24
Total	$	64	$	60	$	10	$	54
Agriculture and turf	$	49	$	46	$	10	$	38
Construction and forestry	$	15	$	14			$	16

July 30, 2017*
Receivables with specific allowance **	$	56	$	51	$	13	$	51
Receivables without a specific allowance ***		30		27				31
Total	$	86	$	78	$	13	$	82
Agriculture and turf	$	54	$	50	$	10	$	50
Construction and forestry	$	32	$	28	$	3	$	32

* Finance income recognized was not material.

** Primarily retail notes.

*** Primarily retail notes and wholesale receivables.

A troubled debt restructuring is generally the modification of debt in which a creditor grants a concession it would not otherwise consider to a debtor that is experiencing financial difficulties. These modifications may include a reduction of the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity dates, a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt, or a reduction of accrued interest. During the first nine months of 2018, the Company identified 410 financing receivable contracts, primarily retail notes, as troubled debt restructurings with aggregate balances of $22 million pre-modification and $22 million post-modification. During the first nine months of 2017, there were 321 financing receivable contracts, primarily retail notes, identified as troubled debt restructurings with aggregate balances of $9 million pre-modification and $8 million post-modification. During these same periods, there were no significant troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted and were written off. At July 29, 2018, the Company had commitments to lend approximately $7 million to borrowers whose accounts were modified in troubled debt restructurings.