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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 27, 2025

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number: 1-4121

DEERE & COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

​ | ​ | ​
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | ​ | 36-2382580 (IRS Employer Identification No.)

​

One John Deere Place

Moline, Illinois 61265

(Address of principal executive offices, zip code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including area code: (309) 765-8000

​

​

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Title of each class | ​ | Trading Symbols | ​ | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $1 par value | ​ | DE | ​ | New York Stock Exchange
6.55% Debentures Due 2028 | ​ | DE28 | ​ | New York Stock Exchange

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
| ​ | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes☐ No☒

At April 27, 2025, 270,827,055 shares of common stock, $1 par value, of the registrant were outstanding.

​

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME | ​
For the Three and Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 | ​
(In millions of dollars and shares except per share amounts) Unaudited | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Net Sales and Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net sales |  | $ | 11,171 | ​ | $ | 13,610 |  | $ | 17,980 | ​ | $ | 24,097 | ​
Finance and interest income | ​ | ​ | 1,354 | ​ |  | 1,387 | ​ | ​ | 2,807 | ​ |  | 2,746 | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | 238 | ​ |  | 238 | ​ | ​ | 485 | ​ |  | 577 | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | 12,763 | ​ |  | 15,235 | ​ | ​ | 21,272 | ​ |  | 27,420 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Costs and Expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of sales | ​ | ​ | 7,609 | ​ |  | 9,157 | ​ | ​ | 12,646 | ​ |  | 16,357 | ​
Research and development expenses | ​ | ​ | 549 | ​ |  | 565 | ​ | ​ | 1,075 | ​ |  | 1,098 | ​
Selling, administrative and general expenses | ​ | ​ | 1,197 | ​ |  | 1,265 | ​ | ​ | 2,169 | ​ |  | 2,330 | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | 784 | ​ |  | 836 | ​ | ​ | 1,614 | ​ |  | 1,638 | ​
Other operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 287 | ​ |  | 295 | ​ | ​ | 536 | ​ |  | 664 | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | 10,426 | ​ |  | 12,118 | ​ | ​ | 18,040 | ​ |  | 22,087 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income of Consolidated Group before Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | 2,337 | ​ |  | 3,117 | ​ | ​ | 3,232 | ​ |  | 5,333 | ​
Provision for income taxes | ​ | ​ | 539 | ​ |  | 751 | ​ | ​ | 566 | ​ |  | 1,220 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income of Consolidated Group | ​ | ​ | 1,798 | ​ |  | 2,366 | ​ | ​ | 2,666 | ​ |  | 4,113 | ​
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ |  | 2 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ |  | 3 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | ​ | 1,801 | ​ |  | 2,368 | ​ | ​ | 2,667 | ​ |  | 4,116 | ​
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ |  | (2) | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​ |  | (5) | ​
Net Income Attributable to Deere & Company |  | $ | 1,804 | ​ | $ | 2,370 |  | $ | 2,673 | ​ | $ | 4,121 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Per Share Data | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic |  | $ | 6.65 | ​ | $ | 8.56 |  | $ | 9.85 | ​ | $ | 14.80 | ​
Diluted |  | ​ | 6.64 | ​ | ​ | 8.53 |  | ​ | 9.82 | ​ | ​ | 14.74 | ​
Dividends declared | ​ | ​ | 1.62 | ​ | ​ | 1.47 | ​ | ​ | 3.24 | ​ | ​ | 2.94 | ​
Dividends paid | ​ | ​ | 1.62 | ​ | ​ | 1.47 | ​ | ​ | 3.09 | ​ | ​ | 2.82 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average Shares Outstanding | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | ​ | 271.1 | ​ |  | 276.8 | ​ | ​ | 271.3 | ​ |  | 278.4 | ​
Diluted | ​ | ​ | 271.8 | ​ |  | 277.9 | ​ | ​ | 272.1 | ​ |  | 279.5 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

2

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | ​
For the Three and Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 | ​
(In millions of dollars) Unaudited | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Net Income |  | $ | 1,801 | ​ | $ | 2,368 |  | $ | 2,667 | ​ | $ | 4,116 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Retirement benefits adjustment | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ |  | (87) | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ |  | (108) | ​
Cumulative translation adjustment | ​ | ​ | 751 | ​ |  | (217) | ​ | ​ | 300 | ​ |  | 57 | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ |  | 8 | ​ | ​ | (9) | ​ |  | (7) | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities | ​ | ​ | 24 | ​ |  | (12) | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ |  | 1 | ​
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | 769 | ​ |  | (308) | ​ | ​ | 305 | ​ |  | (57) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Comprehensive Income | ​ | ​ | 2,570 | ​ |  | 2,060 | ​ | ​ | 2,972 | ​ |  | 4,059 | ​
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ |  | (3) | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (4) | ​
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Deere & Company |  | $ | 2,566 | ​ | $ | 2,063 |  | $ | 2,974 | ​ | $ | 4,063 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

3

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(In millions of dollars) Unaudited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | October 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 7,991 | ​ | $ | 7,324 | ​ | $ | 5,553 | ​
Marketable securities | ​ | ​ | 1,272 | ​ |  | 1,154 | ​ |  | 1,094 | ​
Trade accounts and notes receivable – net | ​ | ​ | 6,748 | ​ |  | 5,326 | ​ |  | 8,880 | ​
Financing receivables – net | ​ | ​ | 43,029 | ​ |  | 44,309 | ​ |  | 45,278 | ​
Financing receivables securitized – net | ​ | ​ | 7,765 | ​ |  | 8,723 | ​ |  | 7,262 | ​
Other receivables | ​ | ​ | 2,975 | ​ |  | 2,545 | ​ |  | 2,535 | ​
Equipment on operating leases – net | ​ | ​ | 7,336 | ​ |  | 7,451 | ​ |  | 6,965 | ​
Inventories | ​ | ​ | 7,870 | ​ |  | 7,093 | ​ |  | 8,443 | ​
Property and equipment – net | ​ | ​ | 7,555 | ​ |  | 7,580 | ​ |  | 7,034 | ​
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | 4,094 | ​ |  | 3,959 | ​ |  | 3,936 | ​
Other intangible assets – net | ​ | ​ | 964 | ​ |  | 999 | ​ |  | 1,064 | ​
Retirement benefits | ​ | ​ | 3,133 | ​ |  | 2,921 | ​ |  | 3,056 | ​
Deferred income taxes | ​ | ​ | 2,088 | ​ |  | 2,086 | ​ |  | 1,936 | ​
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 3,483 | ​ |  | 2,906 | ​ |  | 2,592 | ​
Assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,944 | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total Assets |  | $ | 106,303 | ​ | $ | 107,320 | ​ | $ | 105,628 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | $ | 15,948 | ​ | $ | 13,533 | ​ | $ | 17,699 | ​
Short-term securitization borrowings | ​ | ​ | 7,562 | ​ |  | 8,431 | ​ |  | 6,976 | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ​ | ​ | 13,345 | ​ |  | 14,543 | ​ |  | 14,609 | ​
Deferred income taxes | ​ | ​ | 496 | ​ |  | 478 | ​ |  | 491 | ​
Long-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 42,811 | ​ |  | 43,229 | ​ |  | 40,962 | ​
Retirement benefits and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | 1,763 | ​ |  | 2,354 | ​ |  | 2,105 | ​
Liabilities held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,827 | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | 81,925 | ​ |  | 84,395 | ​ |  | 82,842 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | ​ | ​ | 83 | ​ | ​ | 82 | ​ | ​ | 98 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stock, $1 par value (issued shares at April 27, 2025 – 536,431,204) | ​ | ​ | 5,565 | ​ |  | 5,489 | ​ |  | 5,391 | ​
Common stock in treasury | ​ | ​ | (36,064) | ​ |  | (35,349) | ​ |  | (33,764) | ​
Retained earnings | ​ | ​ | 58,191 | ​ |  | 56,402 | ​ |  | 54,228 | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | (3,405) | ​ |  | (3,706) | ​ |  | (3,171) | ​
Total Deere & Company stockholders’ equity | ​ | ​ | 24,287 | ​ |  | 22,836 | ​ |  | 22,684 | ​
Noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | 4 | ​
Total stockholders’ equity | ​ | ​ | 24,295 | ​ |  | 22,843 | ​ |  | 22,688 | ​
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ​ | $ | 106,303 | ​ | $ | 107,320 | ​ | $ | 105,628 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

4

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(In millions of dollars) Unaudited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Net income |  | $ | 2,667 | ​ | $ | 4,116 | ​
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ | ​ | 174 | ​ |  | 131 | ​
Provision for depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 1,104 | ​ |  | 1,045 | ​
Impairments and other adjustments | ​ | ​ | (32) | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Share-based compensation expense | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ |  | 104 | ​
Provision (credit) for deferred income taxes | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ |  | (120) | ​
Changes in assets and liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Receivables related to sales | ​ | ​ | (1,069) | ​ |  | (2,469) | ​
Inventories | ​ | ​ | (772) | ​ |  | (409) | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ​ | ​ | (898) | ​ |  | (1,300) | ​
Accrued income taxes payable/receivable | ​ | ​ | (147) | ​ |  | (29) | ​
Retirement benefits | ​ | ​ | (794) | ​ |  | (208) | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | 270 | ​ |  | 83 | ​
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ | ​ | 568 | ​ |  | 944 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Collections of receivables (excluding receivables related to sales) | ​ | ​ | 14,348 | ​ |  | 13,703 | ​
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities | ​ | ​ | 245 | ​ |  | 200 | ​
Proceeds from sales of equipment on operating leases | ​ | ​ | 1,001 | ​ |  | 1,011 | ​
Cost of receivables acquired (excluding receivables related to sales) | ​ | ​ | (12,744) | ​ |  | (14,091) | ​
Purchases of marketable securities | ​ | ​ | (347) | ​ |  | (432) | ​
Purchases of property and equipment | ​ | ​ | (555) | ​ |  | (719) | ​
Cost of equipment on operating leases acquired | ​ | ​ | (1,254) | ​ |  | (1,369) | ​
Collections of receivables from unconsolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | 234 | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Collateral on derivatives – net | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | 96 | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | (176) | ​ |  | (69) | ​
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | ​ | ​ | 779 | ​ |  | (1,670) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net proceeds in short-term borrowings (original maturities three months or less) | ​ | ​ | 551 | ​ |  | 58 | ​
Proceeds from borrowings issued (original maturities greater than three months) | ​ | ​ | 5,156 | ​ |  | 10,189 | ​
Payments of borrowings (original maturities greater than three months) | ​ | ​ | (4,837) | ​ |  | (8,139) | ​
Repurchases of common stock | ​ | ​ | (838) | ​ |  | (2,422) | ​
Dividends paid | ​ | ​ | (843) | ​ |  | (796) | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | (10) | ​ |  | (52) | ​
Net cash used for financing activities | ​ | ​ | (821) | ​ |  | (1,162) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ |  | (5) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ | ​ | 546 | ​ | ​ | (1,893) | ​
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period | ​ | ​ | 7,633 | ​ |  | 7,620 | ​
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period | ​ | $ | 8,179 | ​ | $ | 5,727 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Components of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 7,991 | ​ | $ | 5,553 | ​
Restricted cash (Other assets) | ​ | ​ | 188 | ​ | ​ | 174 | ​
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ | $ | 8,179 | ​ | $ | 5,727 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

5

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CONSOLIDATED STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​
For the Three and Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 | ​
(In millions of dollars) Unaudited | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Stockholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Deere & Company Stockholders | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Redeemable | ​
​ | ​ | Stockholders’ | ​ | Common | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Noncontrolling | ​ | ​ | Noncontrolling | ​
​ |  | Equity |  | Stock |  | Stock |  | Earnings |  | Income (Loss) |  | Interests |  |  | Interest | ​
Three Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance January 28, 2024 |  | $ | 22,079 | ​ | $ | 5,335 | ​ | $ | (32,663) | ​ | $ | 52,266 | ​ | $ | (2,863) | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | ​ | $ | 100 | ​
Net income (loss) | ​ |  | 2,371 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,370 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​
Other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | (308) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (308) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​
Repurchases of common stock | ​ |  | (1,105) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,105) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Treasury shares reissued | ​ |  | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends declared | ​ |  | (407) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (406) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Share based awards and other | ​ |  | 54 | ​ | ​ | 56 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Balance April 28, 2024 | ​ | $ | 22,688 | ​ | $ | 5,391 | ​ | $ | (33,764) | ​ | $ | 54,228 | ​ | $ | (3,171) | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | ​ | $ | 98 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Six Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Balance October 29, 2023 |  | $ | 21,789 | ​ | $ | 5,303 | ​ | $ | (31,335) | ​ | $ | 50,931 | ​ | $ | (3,114) | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | ​ | $ | 97 |
Net income (loss) | ​ |  | 4,122 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,121 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ |  | (57) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (57) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Repurchases of common stock | ​ |  | (2,445) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,445) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Treasury shares reissued | ​ |  | 16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends declared | ​ |  | (819) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (818) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Share based awards and other | ​ |  | 82 | ​ | ​ | 88 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
Balance April 28, 2024 | ​ | $ | 22,688 | ​ | $ | 5,391 | ​ | $ | (33,764) | ​ | $ | 54,228 | ​ | $ | (3,171) | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | ​ | $ | 98 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Three Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance January 26, 2025 | ​ | $ | 22,486 | ​ | $ | 5,526 | ​ | $ | (35,709) | ​ | $ | 56,829 | ​ | $ | (4,167) | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | ​ | $ | 78 | ​
Net income (loss) | ​ | ​ | 1,804 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,804 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​
Other comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | 762 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 762 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​
Repurchases of common stock | ​ | ​ | (362) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (362) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Treasury shares reissued | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends declared | ​ | ​ | (440) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (440) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Share based awards and other | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Balance April 27, 2025 | ​ | $ | 24,295 | ​ | $ | 5,565 | ​ | $ | (36,064) | ​ | $ | 58,191 | ​ | $ | (3,405) | ​ | $ | 8 | ​ | ​ | $ | 83 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance October 27, 2024 | ​ | $ | 22,843 | ​ | $ | 5,489 | ​ | $ | (35,349) | ​ | $ | 56,402 | ​ | $ | (3,706) | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | ​ | $ | 82 | ​
Net income (loss) | ​ | ​ | 2,673 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,673 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​
Other comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | 301 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 301 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​
Repurchases of common stock | ​ | ​ | (746) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (746) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Treasury shares reissued | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends declared | ​ | ​ | (881) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (881) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Share based awards and other | ​ | ​ | 74 | ​ | ​ | 76 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​
Balance April 27, 2025 | ​ | $ | 24,295 | ​ | $ | 5,565 | ​ | $ | (36,064) | ​ | $ | 58,191 | ​ | $ | (3,405) | ​ | $ | 8 | ​ | ​ | $ | 83 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

See Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

​

Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(1) Organization and Consolidation

Deere & Company has been developing innovative solutions to help its customers become more profitable for more than 185 years. References to “Deere & Company,” “John Deere,” “we,” “us,” or “our” include our consolidated subsidiaries. We manage our business through the following operating segments: production and precision agriculture (PPA), small agriculture and turf (SAT), construction and forestry (CF), and financial services (John Deere Financial or FS). References to “agriculture and turf” include both PPA and SAT.

We use a 52/53 week fiscal year with quarters ending on the last Sunday in the reporting period. The second quarter ends for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024, respectively. Both quarters contained 13 weeks, while both year-to-date periods contained 26 weeks. Fiscal year 2025 will contain 53 weeks, with the additional week occurring in the fourth quarter. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, or months refer to our fiscal years generally ending in October and the associated periods in those fiscal years.

All amounts are presented in millions of dollars, unless otherwise specified. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Variable Interest Entity

We have a 50% ownership interest in Banco John Deere S.A. (BJD), an equity method investment that finances retail and wholesale loans for agricultural, construction, and forestry equipment in Brazil. This investment was established in February 2025 through the sale of 50% ownership of a former subsidiary (see Note 20). BJD is a variable interest entity (VIE) as we provide funding and are exposed to losses that are disproportionate to our voting rights. However, we are not the primary beneficiary of the VIE because the power over significant activities, including the strategic plan, budget, credit policies, and funding guidelines, is shared among equity holders through an equally represented board of directors.

Financial results of BJD are reported in “Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates.” The related investment in unconsolidated affiliates is included in “Other assets” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, while short-term and long-term funding is recorded in receivables from unconsolidated affiliates and included in “Other receivables.”

Our carrying value of receivables from and investments in BJD and maximum exposure to loss at April 27, 2025 follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​
Receivables from unconsolidated affiliates – "Other receivables" | ​ | $ | 564 | ​
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates – "Other assets" | ​ | ​ | 372 | ​
Carrying value of assets related to VIE | ​ | ​ | 936 | ​
Guarantees | ​ | ​ | 156 | ​
Maximum exposure to loss | ​ | $ | 1,092 | ​

​

Guarantees primarily include BJD debt related to government funding that existed prior to the deconsolidation of BJD, and no contractual liability is recorded by us on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The maximum exposure to loss is not an indication of our expected loss exposure.

​

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting PROnouncements

Quarterly Financial Statements

The interim consolidated financial statements of Deere & Company have been prepared by us, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. have been condensed or omitted as permitted by such rules and regulations. All normal recurring adjustments have been included. Management believes the disclosures are adequate to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented. It is suggested these interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those to be expected for the fiscal year.

Use of Estimates in Financial Statements

Certain accounting policies require management to make estimates and assumptions in determining the amounts reflected in the financial statements and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

7

​

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

We closely monitor all Accounting Standard Updates (ASUs) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and other authoritative guidance. We adopted the following standards in 2025, none of which had a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

​ | ​
No. 2023-05 — Business Combinations – Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement | ​
No. 2022-03 — Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions | ​

​

Accounting Pronouncements to be Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which expands disclosures about specific expense categories presented on the face of the income statement. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which clarifies the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The ASU will be effective for us beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2028 and interim periods thereafter. We are assessing the effect of ASU 2024-03 on our related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The ASU will be effective for us beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2026. We are assessing the effect of this update on our related disclosures.

We will also adopt the following standards in future periods, none of which are expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

​ | ​
No. 2024-04 — Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments | ​
No. 2023-07 — Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures | ​
No. 2023-06 — Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative | ​

​

(3) Revenue Recognition

Our net sales and revenues by primary geographic market, major product line, and timing of revenue recognition follow:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​
​ |  | PPA |  | SAT |  | CF |  | FS |  | Total | ​
Primary geographic markets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
United States | ​ | $ | 2,512 | ​ | $ | 1,626 | ​ | $ | 1,717 | ​ | $ | 1,072 | ​ | $ | 6,927 | ​
Canada | ​ | ​ | 656 | ​ | ​ | 153 | ​ | ​ | 208 | ​ |  | 172 | ​ |  | 1,189 | ​
Western Europe | ​ | ​ | 612 | ​ | ​ | 667 | ​ | ​ | 497 | ​ |  | 44 | ​ |  | 1,820 | ​
Central Europe and CIS | ​ | ​ | 239 | ​ | ​ | 99 | ​ | ​ | 87 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | 428 | ​
Latin America | ​ | ​ | 995 | ​ | ​ | 116 | ​ | ​ | 220 | ​ |  | 41 | ​ |  | 1,372 | ​
Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Middle East | ​ | ​ | 312 | ​ | ​ | 385 | ​ | ​ | 277 | ​ | ​ | 53 | ​ | ​ | 1,027 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 5,326 | ​ | $ | 3,046 | ​ | $ | 3,006 | ​ | $ | 1,385 | ​ | $ | 12,763 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Major product lines: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Production agriculture | ​ | $ | 5,135 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5,135 | ​
Small agriculture | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,964 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,964 | ​
Turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 957 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 957 | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,182 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,182 | ​
Compact construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 506 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 506 | ​
Roadbuilding | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 949 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 949 | ​
Forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 254 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 254 | ​
Financial products | ​ | ​ | 56 | ​ | ​ | 25 | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | $ | 1,385 | ​ |  | 1,482 | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | 135 | ​ | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​ | 99 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 334 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 5,326 | ​ | $ | 3,046 | ​ | $ | 3,006 | ​ | $ | 1,385 | ​ | $ | 12,763 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenue recognized: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
At a point in time | ​ | $ | 5,218 | ​ | $ | 2,997 | ​ | $ | 2,967 | ​ | $ | 34 | ​ | $ | 11,216 | ​
Over time | ​ | ​ | 108 | ​ | ​ | 49 | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ | 1,351 | ​ | ​ | 1,547 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 5,326 | ​ | $ | 3,046 | ​ | $ | 3,006 | ​ | $ | 1,385 | ​ | $ | 12,763 | ​

​

8

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​
​ | ​ | PPA |  | SAT |  | CF |  | FS |  | Total | ​
Primary geographic markets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
United States | ​ | $ | 4,067 | ​ | $ | 2,575 | ​ | $ | 2,830 | ​ | $ | 2,158 | ​ | $ | 11,630 | ​
Canada | ​ | ​ | 1,010 | ​ | ​ | 232 | ​ | ​ | 309 | ​ |  | 359 | ​ |  | 1,910 | ​
Western Europe | ​ | ​ | 889 | ​ | ​ | 1,019 | ​ | ​ | 841 | ​ |  | 87 | ​ |  | 2,836 | ​
Central Europe and CIS | ​ | ​ | 306 | ​ | ​ | 138 | ​ | ​ | 158 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | 609 | ​
Latin America | ​ | ​ | 1,710 | ​ | ​ | 196 | ​ | ​ | 425 | ​ |  | 137 | ​ |  | 2,468 | ​
Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Middle East | ​ | ​ | 517 | ​ | ​ | 693 | ​ | ​ | 501 | ​ | ​ | 108 | ​ | ​ | 1,819 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 8,499 | ​ | $ | 4,853 | ​ | $ | 5,064 | ​ | $ | 2,856 | ​ | $ | 21,272 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Major product lines: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Production agriculture | ​ | $ | 8,137 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,137 | ​
Small agriculture | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,198 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 3,198 | ​
Turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,420 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,420 | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,952 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,952 | ​
Compact construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 867 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 867 | ​
Roadbuilding | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,545 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,545 | ​
Forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 480 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 480 | ​
Financial products | ​ | ​ | 111 | ​ | ​ | 58 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | $ | 2,856 | ​ |  | 3,062 | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | 251 | ​ | ​ | 177 | ​ | ​ | 183 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 611 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 8,499 | ​ | $ | 4,853 | ​ | $ | 5,064 | ​ | $ | 2,856 | ​ | $ | 21,272 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenue recognized: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
At a point in time | ​ | $ | 8,304 | ​ | $ | 4,757 | ​ | $ | 4,995 | ​ | $ | 63 | ​ | $ | 18,119 | ​
Over time | ​ | ​ | 195 | ​ | ​ | 96 | ​ | ​ | 69 | ​ | ​ | 2,793 | ​ | ​ | 3,153 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 8,499 | ​ | $ | 4,853 | ​ | $ | 5,064 | ​ | $ | 2,856 | ​ | $ | 21,272 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​
​ |  | PPA |  | SAT |  | CF |  | FS |  | Total | ​
Primary geographic markets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
United States | ​ | $ | 3,881 | ​ | $ | 1,842 | ​ | $ | 2,500 | ​ | $ | 996 | ​ | $ | 9,219 | ​
Canada | ​ | ​ | 600 | ​ | ​ | 167 | ​ | ​ | 242 | ​ |  | 175 | ​ |  | 1,184 | ​
Western Europe | ​ | ​ | 659 | ​ | ​ | 688 | ​ | ​ | 470 | ​ | ​ | 40 | ​ |  | 1,857 | ​
Central Europe and CIS | ​ | ​ | 275 | ​ | ​ | 80 | ​ | ​ | 91 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ |  | 454 | ​
Latin America | ​ | ​ | 850 | ​ | ​ | 103 | ​ | ​ | 334 | ​ | ​ | 122 | ​ |  | 1,409 | ​
Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Middle East | ​ | ​ | 414 | ​ | ​ | 373 | ​ | ​ | 271 | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ | ​ | 1,112 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 6,679 | ​ | $ | 3,253 | ​ | $ | 3,908 | ​ | $ | 1,395 | ​ | $ | 15,235 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Major product lines: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Production agriculture | ​ | $ | 6,507 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,507 | ​
Small agriculture | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,098 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2,098 | ​
Turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,017 | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,736 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,736 | ​
Compact construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 695 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 695 | ​
Roadbuilding | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,080 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,080 | ​
Forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 271 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 271 | ​
Financial products | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | $ | 1,395 | ​ |  | 1,483 | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | 133 | ​ | ​ | 106 | ​ | ​ | 109 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 348 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 6,679 | ​ | $ | 3,253 | ​ | $ | 3,908 | ​ | $ | 1,395 | ​ | $ | 15,235 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenue recognized: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
At a point in time | ​ | $ | 6,609 | ​ | $ | 3,213 | ​ | $ | 3,882 | ​ | $ | 35 | ​ | $ | 13,739 | ​
Over time | ​ | ​ | 70 | ​ | ​ | 40 | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ | ​ | 1,360 | ​ | ​ | 1,496 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 6,679 | ​ | $ | 3,253 | ​ | $ | 3,908 | ​ | $ | 1,395 | ​ | $ | 15,235 | ​

​

9

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Six Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​
​ |  | PPA |  | SAT |  | CF |  | FS |  | Total | ​
Primary geographic markets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
United States | ​ | $ | 6,602 | ​ | $ | 3,187 | ​ | $ | 4,596 | ​ | $ | 1,965 | ​ | $ | 16,350 | ​
Canada | ​ | ​ | 986 | ​ | ​ | 285 | ​ | ​ | 452 | ​ | ​ | 347 | ​ |  | 2,070 | ​
Western Europe | ​ | ​ | 1,162 | ​ | ​ | 1,205 | ​ | ​ | 831 | ​ | ​ | 80 | ​ |  | 3,278 | ​
Central Europe and CIS | ​ | ​ | 454 | ​ | ​ | 153 | ​ | ​ | 185 | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ |  | 808 | ​
Latin America | ​ | ​ | 1,669 | ​ | ​ | 201 | ​ | ​ | 590 | ​ | ​ | 252 | ​ |  | 2,712 | ​
Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Middle East | ​ | ​ | 849 | ​ | ​ | 714 | ​ | ​ | 529 | ​ | ​ | 110 | ​ | ​ | 2,202 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 11,722 | ​ | $ | 5,745 | ​ | $ | 7,183 | ​ | $ | 2,770 | ​ | $ | 27,420 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Major product lines: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Production agriculture | ​ | $ | 11,298 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,298 | ​
Small agriculture | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,816 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 3,816 | ​
Turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,666 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 1,666 | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,220 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 3,220 | ​
Compact construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,321 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,321 | ​
Roadbuilding | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,843 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 1,843 | ​
Forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 563 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 563 | ​
Financial products | ​ | ​ | 99 | ​ | ​ | 58 | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | $ | 2,770 | ​ |  | 2,962 | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | 325 | ​ | ​ | 205 | ​ | ​ | 201 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 731 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 11,722 | ​ | $ | 5,745 | ​ | $ | 7,183 | ​ | $ | 2,770 | ​ | $ | 27,420 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenue recognized: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
At a point in time | ​ | $ | 11,564 | ​ | $ | 5,669 | ​ | $ | 7,126 | ​ | $ | 62 | ​ | $ | 24,421 | ​
Over time | ​ | ​ | 158 | ​ | ​ | 76 | ​ | ​ | 57 | ​ | ​ | 2,708 | ​ | ​ | 2,999 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 11,722 | ​ | $ | 5,745 | ​ | $ | 7,183 | ​ | $ | 2,770 | ​ | $ | 27,420 | ​

​

We invoice in advance of recognizing the revenue of certain products and services. These relate to extended warranty premiums, advance payments for future equipment sales, and subscription and service revenue related to precision guidance, telematic services, and other information enabled solutions. These advanced customer payments are presented as deferred revenue, a contract liability, in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses.” The deferred revenue received, but not recognized in revenue was $2,089, $1,923, and $1,911 at April 27, 2025, October 27, 2024, and April 28, 2024, respectively. The contract liability is reduced as the revenue is recognized. Revenue recognized from deferred revenue that was recorded as a contract liability at the beginning of the fiscal year was $176 and $128 during the three months and $373 and $358 during the six months ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024, respectively.

The amount of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original duration greater than one year was $1,774 at April 27, 2025. The estimated revenue to be recognized by fiscal year follows: remainder of 2025 – $289, 2026 – $478, 2027 – $383, 2028 – $262, 2029 – $162, 2030 – $116, and later years – $84. As permitted, we elected only to disclose remaining performance obligations with an original contract duration greater than one year. The contracts with an expected duration of one year or less are for sales to dealers and retail customers for equipment, service parts, repair services, and certain telematics services.

(4) Other Comprehensive Income Items

The after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) follow:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | October 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​
Retirement benefits adjustment | ​ | $ | (1,269) | ​ | $ | (1,274) | ​ | $ | (953) | ​
Cumulative translation adjustment | ​ | ​ | (1,990) | ​ | ​ | (2,286) | ​ | ​ | (2,094) | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | ​ | ​ | (81) | ​ | ​ | (72) | ​ | ​ | (15) | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities | ​ | ​ | (65) | ​ | ​ | (74) | ​ | ​ | (109) | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | $ | (3,405) | ​ | $ | (3,706) | ​ | $ | (3,171) | ​

​

10

​

The following tables reflect amounts recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), as well as reclassifications out of other comprehensive income (loss).

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Before |  | Tax |  | After |
​ | ​ | Tax | ​ | (Expense) | ​ | Tax |
Three Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​ | Amount | ​ | Credit | ​ | Amount |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | $ | 749 |  | $ | (5) |  | $ | 744 | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized hedging gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​ | 22 | ​
Reclassification of realized (gain) loss to Other income | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​ | 24 | ​
Retirement benefits adjustment: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net actuarial gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​
Reclassification to Other operating expenses through amortization of: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Actuarial (gain) loss | ​ | ​ | (14) | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​
Prior service (credit) cost | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​
Settlements | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on retirement benefits adjustment | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 773 | ​ | $ | (11) | ​ | $ | 762 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Before |  | Tax |  | After |
​ | ​ | Tax | ​ | (Expense) | ​ | Tax |
Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​ | Amount | ​ | Credit | ​ | Amount |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | $ | 300 |  | $ | (4) |  | $ | 296 | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized hedging gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​
Reclassification of realized (gain) loss to Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (9) | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​
Reclassification of realized (gain) loss to Other income | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​
Retirement benefits adjustment: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net actuarial gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​
Reclassification to Other operating expenses through amortization of: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Actuarial (gain) loss | ​ | ​ | (25) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | (19) | ​
Prior service (credit) cost | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​
Settlements | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on retirement benefits adjustment | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 308 | ​ | $ | (7) | ​ | $ | 301 | ​

​

11

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Before |  | Tax |  | After |
​ | ​ | Tax | ​ | (Expense) | ​ | Tax |
Three Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​ | Amount | ​ | Credit | ​ | Amount |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | $ | (217) |  | ​ | ​ |  | $ | (217) | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized hedging gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ | $ | (5) | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​
Reclassification of realized (gain) loss to Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (16) | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (13) | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | (13) | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities | ​ | ​ | (13) | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​
Retirement benefits adjustment: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net actuarial gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | (109) | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ | ​ | (83) | ​
Reclassification to Other operating expenses through amortization of: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Actuarial (gain) loss | ​ | ​ | (16) | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​
Prior service (credit) cost | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
Settlements | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on retirement benefits adjustment | ​ | ​ | (115) | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | (87) | ​
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (335) | ​ | $ | 27 | ​ | $ | (308) | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Before |  | Tax |  | After |
​ | ​ | Tax | ​ | (Expense) | ​ | Tax |
Six Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​ | Amount | ​ | Credit | ​ | Amount |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | $ | 56 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 57 | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized hedging gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​
Reclassification of realized (gain) loss to Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (27) | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | (22) | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | ​ | ​ | (9) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​
Reclassification of realized (gain) loss to Other income | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Retirement benefits adjustment: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net actuarial gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | (126) | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | (96) | ​
Reclassification to Other operating expenses through amortization of: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Actuarial (gain) loss | ​ | ​ | (36) | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | (26) | ​
Prior service (credit) cost | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​
Settlements | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Net unrealized gain (loss) on retirement benefits adjustment | ​ | ​ | (143) | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ | (108) | ​
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (100) | ​ | $ | 43 | ​ | $ | (57) | ​

​

​

(5) Earnings Per Share

A reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to Deere & Company follows in millions, except per share amounts:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
| ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended |
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 |
Net income attributable to Deere & Company |  | $ | 1,804 |  | $ | 2,370 |  | $ | 2,673 |  | $ | 4,121 | ​
Average shares outstanding | ​ | ​ | 271.1 | ​ |  | 276.8 | ​ | ​ | 271.3 | ​ |  | 278.4 | ​
Basic per share | ​ | $ | 6.65 | ​ | $ | 8.56 | ​ | $ | 9.85 | ​ | $ | 14.80 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average shares outstanding | ​ | ​ | 271.1 | ​ |  | 276.8 | ​ | ​ | 271.3 | ​ |  | 278.4 | ​
Effect of dilutive stock options and unvested restricted stock units | ​ | ​ | .7 | ​ |  | 1.1 | ​ | ​ | .8 | ​ |  | 1.1 | ​
Total potential shares outstanding | ​ | ​ | 271.8 | ​ |  | 277.9 | ​ | ​ | 272.1 | ​ |  | 279.5 | ​
Diluted per share | ​ | $ | 6.64 | ​ | $ | 8.53 | ​ | $ | 9.82 | ​ | $ | 14.74 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares excluded from EPS calculation, as antidilutive | ​ | ​ | .2 | ​ | ​ | .4 | ​ | ​ | .2 | ​ | ​ | .3 | ​

​

​

12

​

(6) Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

We have several funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plans. These plans cover U.S. employees and certain foreign employees. The components of net periodic pension and OPEB (benefit) cost consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended |
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 |
Pensions: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Service cost |  | $ | 60 |  | $ | 57 |  | $ | 125 |  | $ | 115 | ​
Interest cost | ​ | ​ | 129 | ​ |  | 138 | ​ | ​ | 257 | ​ |  | 274 | ​
Expected return on plan assets | ​ | ​ | (244) | ​ |  | (241) | ​ | ​ | (498) | ​ |  | (482) | ​
Amortization of actuarial gain | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (5) | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ |  | (9) | ​
Amortization of prior service cost | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ |  | 10 | ​ | ​ | 19 | ​ |  | 20 | ​
Settlements | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ |  | 1 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ |  | 1 | ​
Net benefit | ​ | $ | (45) | ​ | $ | (40) | ​ | $ | (97) | ​ | $ | (81) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
OPEB: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Service cost |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 9 |  | $ | 9 | ​
Interest cost | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ |  | 44 | ​ | ​ | 78 | ​ |  | 87 | ​
Expected return on plan assets | ​ | ​ | (27) | ​ |  | (27) | ​ | ​ | (55) | ​ |  | (54) | ​
Amortization of actuarial gain | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ |  | (11) | ​ | ​ | (22) | ​ |  | (27) | ​
Amortization of prior service credit | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (2) | ​
Net cost | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 9 | ​ | $ | 8 | ​ | $ | 13 | ​

​

The components of net periodic pension and OPEB (benefit) cost excluding the service cost component are included in the line item “Other operating expenses.”

During the first six months of 2025, we contributed and expect to contribute the following amounts to our pension and OPEB plans:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Pensions | ​ | OPEB | ​
Contributed |  | $ | 56 |  | $ | 616 |
Expected contributions remainder of the year | ​ | ​ | 59 | ​ |  | 44 | ​

​

​

​

13

​

(7) Segment DATA

Information relating to operations by operating segment follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended |
| ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change |
Net sales and revenues |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
PPA net sales |  | $ | 5,230 | ​ | $ | 6,581 | ​ | -21 |  | $ | 8,297 | ​ | $ | 11,430 | ​ | -27 | ​
SAT net sales | ​ | ​ | 2,994 | ​ | ​ | 3,185 | ​ | -6 | ​ | ​ | 4,742 | ​ | ​ | 5,610 | ​ | -15 | ​
CF net sales | ​ | ​ | 2,947 | ​ |  | 3,844 | ​ | -23 | ​ | ​ | 4,941 | ​ |  | 7,057 | ​ | -30 | ​
FS revenues | ​ | ​ | 1,385 | ​ |  | 1,395 | ​ | -1 | ​ | ​ | 2,856 | ​ |  | 2,770 | ​ | +3 | ​
Other revenues | ​ | ​ | 207 | ​ |  | 230 | ​ | -10 | ​ | ​ | 436 | ​ |  | 553 | ​ | -21 | ​
Total net sales and revenues |  | $ | 12,763 | ​ | $ | 15,235 | ​ | -16 |  | $ | 21,272 | ​ | $ | 27,420 | ​ | -22 | ​
Operating profit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
PPA |  | $ | 1,148 | ​ | $ | 1,650 | ​ | -30 |  | $ | 1,486 | ​ | $ | 2,695 | ​ | -45 | ​
SAT | ​ | ​ | 574 | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​ | +1 | ​ | ​ | 698 | ​ | ​ | 897 | ​ | -22 | ​
CF | ​ | ​ | 379 | ​ |  | 668 | ​ | -43 | ​ | ​ | 444 | ​ |  | 1,234 | ​ | -64 | ​
FS | ​ | ​ | 207 | ​ |  | 209 | ​ | -1 | ​ | ​ | 473 | ​ |  | 466 | ​ | +2 | ​
Total operating profit | ​ | ​ | 2,308 | ​ |  | 3,098 | ​ | -26 | ​ | ​ | 3,101 | ​ |  | 5,292 | ​ | -41 | ​
Reconciling items | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ |  | 23 | ​ | +52 | ​ | ​ | 138 | ​ |  | 49 | ​ | +182 | ​
Income taxes | ​ | ​ | (539) | ​ |  | (751) | ​ | -28 | ​ | ​ | (566) | ​ |  | (1,220) | ​ | -54 | ​
Net income attributable to Deere & Company |  | $ | 1,804 | ​ | $ | 2,370 | ​ | -24 |  | $ | 2,673 | ​ | $ | 4,121 | ​ | -35 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Intersegment sales and revenues: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
PPA net sales |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 14 | ​ | ​ | ​
SAT net sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​
CF net sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
FS revenues | ​ | $ | 116 | ​ |  | 193 | ​ | -40 | ​ | $ | 218 | ​ |  | 370 | ​ | -41 | ​

​

Operating profit for PPA, SAT, and CF is income from continuing operations before corporate expenses, certain external interest expenses, certain foreign exchange gains and losses, and income taxes. Operating profit of financial services includes the effect of interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses. Reconciling items to net income are primarily corporate expenses, certain interest income and expenses, certain foreign exchange gains and losses, pension and OPEB benefit (cost) amounts excluding the service cost component, and net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Identifiable operating assets were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | October 27 | ​ | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
PPA |  | $ | 8,909 | ​ | $ | 8,696 | ​ | $ | 9,026 | ​
SAT | ​ | ​ | 4,234 | ​ | ​ | 4,130 | ​ | ​ | 4,421 | ​
CF | ​ | ​ | 7,753 | ​ |  | 7,137 | ​ |  | 7,337 | ​
FS | ​ | ​ | 70,569 | ​ |  | 73,612 | ​ |  | 73,834 | ​
Corporate | ​ | ​ | 14,838 | ​ |  | 13,745 | ​ |  | 11,010 | ​
Total assets |  | $ | 106,303 | ​ | $ | 107,320 | ​ | $ | 105,628 | ​

​

(8) Financing Receivables

We monitor the credit quality of financing receivables based on delinquency status, defined as follows:

| ● | Past due balances represent any payments 30 days or more past the due date.

| ● | Non-performing financing receivables represent receivables for which we have stopped accruing finance income. This generally occurs when receivables are 90 days delinquent.

| ● | Write-offs generally occur when receivables are 120 days delinquent. In these situations, the estimated uncollectible amount is written off to the allowance for credit losses.

14

​

The credit quality and aging analysis of retail notes, financing leases, and revolving charge accounts (collectively, retail customer receivables) by year of origination was as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27, 2025 | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | Prior Years | ​ | Revolving Charge Accounts | ​ | Total | ​
Retail customer receivables: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Agriculture and turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | $ | 5,772 | ​ | $ | 10,981 | ​ | $ | 6,652 | ​ | $ | 4,014 | ​ | $ | 1,981 | ​ | $ | 654 | ​ | $ | 3,893 | ​ | $ | 33,947 | ​
30-59 days past due | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ | ​ | 121 | ​ | ​ | 77 | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | 22 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | 330 | ​
60-89 days past due | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | 53 | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | 139 | ​
90+ days past due | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 102 | ​ | ​ | 111 | ​ | ​ | 73 | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | 29 | ​ | ​ | 86 | ​ | ​ | 450 | ​
Construction and forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | ​ | 1,561 | ​ | ​ | 2,583 | ​ | ​ | 1,425 | ​ | ​ | 732 | ​ | ​ | 266 | ​ | ​ | 46 | ​ | ​ | 109 | ​ | ​ | 6,722 | ​
30-59 days past due | ​ | ​ | 24 | ​ | ​ | 70 | ​ | ​ | 47 | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 179 | ​
60-89 days past due | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 65 | ​
90+ days past due | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 86 | ​ | ​ | 93 | ​ | ​ | 55 | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 282 | ​
Total retail customer receivables | ​ | $ | 7,412 | ​ | $ | 14,030 | ​ | $ | 8,457 | ​ | $ | 4,970 | ​ | $ | 2,365 | ​ | $ | 757 | ​ | $ | 4,140 | ​ | $ | 42,131 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Write-offs for the six months ended April 27, 2025: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Agriculture and turf | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 16 | ​ | $ | 21 | ​ | $ | 12 | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | $ | 49 | ​ | $ | 108 | ​
Construction and forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 49 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 34 | ​ | $ | 38 | ​ | $ | 19 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 53 | ​ | $ | 157 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | October 27, 2024 | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020 | ​ | Prior Years | ​ | Revolving Charge Accounts | ​ | Total | ​
Retail customer receivables: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Agriculture and turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | $ | 14,394 | ​ | $ | 8,305 | ​ | $ | 5,191 | ​ | $ | 2,833 | ​ | $ | 992 | ​ | $ | 253 | ​ | $ | 4,465 | ​ | $ | 36,433 | ​
30-59 days past due | ​ | ​ | 44 | ​ | ​ | 101 | ​ | ​ | 55 | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 40 | ​ | ​ | 282 | ​
60-89 days past due | ​ | ​ | 22 | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | 126 | ​
90+ days past due | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​ | ​ | 91 | ​ | ​ | 76 | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 288 | ​
Construction and forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | ​ | 3,100 | ​ | ​ | 1,841 | ​ | ​ | 1,064 | ​ | ​ | 458 | ​ | ​ | 102 | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | 114 | ​ | ​ | 6,724 | ​
30-59 days past due | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ | ​ | 47 | ​ | ​ | 25 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 145 | ​
60-89 days past due | ​ | ​ | 25 | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 74 | ​
90+ days past due | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 40 | ​ | ​ | 94 | ​ | ​ | 67 | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 248 | ​
Total retail customer receivables | ​ | $ | 17,704 | ​ | $ | 10,562 | ​ | $ | 6,513 | ​ | $ | 3,430 | ​ | $ | 1,147 | ​ | $ | 324 | ​ | $ | 4,654 | ​ | $ | 44,334 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Write-offs for the twelve months ended October 27, 2024: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Agriculture and turf | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | $ | 33 | ​ | $ | 25 | ​ | $ | 11 | ​ | $ | 11 | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | $ | 87 | ​ | $ | 177 | ​
Construction and forestry | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 104 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 14 | ​ | $ | 71 | ​ | $ | 55 | ​ | $ | 22 | ​ | $ | 16 | ​ | $ | 8 | ​ | $ | 95 | ​ | $ | 281 | ​

​

15

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 28, 2024 | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020 | ​ | Prior Years | ​ | Revolving Charge Accounts | ​ | Total | ​
Retail customer receivables: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Agriculture and turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | $ | 7,393 | ​ | $ | 11,869 | ​ | $ | 6,934 | ​ | $ | 3,987 | ​ | $ | 1,682 | ​ | $ | 696 | ​ | $ | 3,662 | ​ | $ | 36,223 | ​
30-59 days past due | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | 99 | ​ | ​ | 55 | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | 269 | ​
60-89 days past due | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 44 | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 106 | ​
90+ days past due | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 83 | ​ | ​ | 90 | ​ | ​ | 63 | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ | 70 | ​ | ​ | 375 | ​
Construction and forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | ​ | 1,619 | ​ | ​ | 2,415 | ​ | ​ | 1,514 | ​ | ​ | 744 | ​ | ​ | 207 | ​ | ​ | 79 | ​ | ​ | 107 | ​ | ​ | 6,685 | ​
30-59 days past due | ​ | ​ | 25 | ​ | ​ | 61 | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 159 | ​
60-89 days past due | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 72 | ​
90+ days past due | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​ | 85 | ​ | ​ | 47 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 264 | ​
Total retail customer receivables | ​ | $ | 9,091 | ​ | $ | 14,712 | ​ | $ | 8,763 | ​ | $ | 4,921 | ​ | $ | 1,973 | ​ | $ | 833 | ​ | $ | 3,887 | ​ | $ | 44,180 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Write-offs for the six months ended April 28, 2024: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Agriculture and turf | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 9 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 30 | ​ | $ | 63 | ​
Construction and forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 21 | ​ | $ | 23 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | $ | 9 | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | $ | 34 | ​ | $ | 102 | ​

​

The credit quality and aging analysis of wholesale receivables was as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 |  | October 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​
Wholesale receivables: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Agriculture and turf | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | $ | 7,372 | ​ | $ | 7,568 | ​ | $ | 7,384 | ​
30+ days past due | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Construction and forestry | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | ​ | 1,547 | ​ |  | 1,358 | ​ |  | 1,205 | ​
30+ days past due | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total wholesale receivables |  | $ | 8,921 | ​ | $ | 8,927 | ​ | $ | 8,590 | ​

​

​

​

​

16

​

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses and investment in financing receivables follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Retail Notes | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | & Financing | ​ | Charge | ​ | Wholesale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Leases | ​ | Accounts | ​ | Receivables | ​ | Total | ​
Three Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period balance |  | $ | 240 |  | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 248 | ​
Provision | ​ | ​ | 55 | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 94 | ​
Write-offs | ​ | ​ | (56) | ​ | ​ | (40) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (96) | ​
Recoveries | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​
Translation adjustments | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
End of period balance |  | $ | 243 |  | $ | 13 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 258 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Beginning of period balance |  | $ | 219 |  | $ | 8 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 229 | ​
Provision | ​ | ​ | 122 | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 163 | ​
Write-offs | ​ | ​ | (104) | ​ | ​ | (53) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (157) | ​
Recoveries | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​
End of period balance |  | $ | 243 |  | $ | 13 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 258 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financing receivables: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
End of period balance |  | $ | 37,991 |  | $ | 4,140 | ​ | $ | 8,921 | ​ | $ | 51,052 | ​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Retail Notes | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | & Financing | ​ | Charge | ​ | Wholesale | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Leases | ​ | Accounts | ​ | Receivables | ​ | Total | ​
Three Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Beginning of period balance | ​ | $ | 177 |  | $ | 16 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 195 | ​
Provision | ​ |  | 64 | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 87 | ​
Write-offs | ​ |  | (36) | ​ | ​ | (23) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (59) | ​
Recoveries | ​ |  | 4 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​
Translation adjustments | ​ |  | (2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​
End of period balance | ​ | $ | 207 | ​ | $ | 21 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 230 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Six Months Ended April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Beginning of period balance | ​ | $ | 172 |  | $ | 21 | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | $ | 197 | ​
Provision | ​ |  | 99 | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 120 | ​
Write-offs | ​ |  | (68) | ​ | ​ | (34) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (102) | ​
Recoveries | ​ |  | 5 | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​
Translation adjustments | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​
End of period balance | ​ | $ | 207 | ​ | $ | 21 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 230 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financing receivables: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
End of period balance | ​ | $ | 40,293 |  | $ | 3,887 | ​ | $ | 8,590 | ​ | $ | 52,770 | ​

​

The allowance for credit losses increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, primarily due to higher expected losses on agriculture and turf customer accounts as a result of elevated delinquencies and a decline in market conditions.

Modifications

We occasionally grant contractual modifications to customers experiencing financial difficulties. Before offering a modification, we evaluate the ability of the customer to meet the modified payment terms. Modifications offered include payment deferrals, term extensions, or a combination thereof. Finance charges continue to accrue during the deferral or extension period with the exception of modifications related to bankruptcy proceedings. Our allowance for credit losses incorporates historical loss information, including the effects of loan modifications with customers. Therefore, additional adjustments to the allowance are generally not recorded upon modification of a loan.

17

​

The ending amortized cost of financing receivables modified with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | April 28 |  | April 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 |
Modified financing receivables |  | $ | 48 |  | $ | 36 |  | $ | 75 |  | $ | 53 | ​
Percentage of financing receivables portfolio | ​ | ​ | 0.09% | ​ |  | 0.07% | ​ |  | 0.15% | ​ |  | 0.10% | ​

​

The financial effects of payment deferrals with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty resulted in a weighted average payment deferral of 8 months to the modified contracts. Term extensions provided to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty added a weighted average of 11 months to the modified contracts. Additionally, modifications with a combination of both payment deferrals and term extensions resulted in a weighted average payment deferral of 5 months and a weighted average term extension of 8 months.

We continue to monitor the performance of financing receivables that are modified with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The ending amortized cost and performance of financing receivables modified during the prior twelve months ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024* | ​
Current |  | $ | 100 | ​ | $ | 48 | ​
30-59 days past due | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​
60-89 days past due | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
90+ days past due | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-performing | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Total |  | $ | 123 | ​ | $ | 53 | ​

* In accordance with the adoption date of the accounting modification guidance, this period includes receivables modified during the prior six months.

Defaults and subsequent write-offs of loans modified in the prior twelve months were not significant during the three months or the six months ended April 27, 2025. In addition, at April 27, 2025, commitments to provide additional financing to these customers were not significant.

(9) Securitization of Financing Receivables

Our funding strategy includes receivable securitizations, which allows us to receive cash for financing receivables immediately. While these securitization programs are administered in various forms, they are accomplished in the following basic steps:

| 1. | We transfer financing receivables into a bankruptcy-remote special purpose entity (SPE).

| 2. | The SPE issues debt to investors. The debt is secured by the financing receivables.

| 3. | Investors are paid back based on cash receipts from the financing receivables.

As part of step 1, these receivables are legally isolated from the claims of our general creditors. This ensures cash receipts from the financing receivables are accessible to pay back securitization program investors. The structure of these transactions does not meet the accounting criteria for a sale of receivables. As a result, they are accounted for as a secured borrowing. The receivables and borrowings remain on our balance sheet and are separately reported as “Financing receivables securitized – net” and “Short-term securitization borrowings,” respectively.

The components of securitization programs were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | October 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
Financing receivables securitized (retail notes) |  | $ | 7,812 | ​ | $ | 8,770 | ​ | $ | 7,289 | ​
Allowance for credit losses | ​ | ​ | (47) | ​ |  | (47) | ​ |  | (27) | ​
Other assets (primarily restricted cash) | ​ | ​ | 183 | ​ |  | 187 | ​ |  | 164 | ​
Total restricted securitized assets |  | $ | 7,948 | ​ | $ | 8,910 | ​ | $ | 7,426 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term securitization borrowings | ​ | $ | 7,562 | ​ | $ | 8,431 | ​ | $ | 6,976 | ​
Accrued interest on borrowings | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ |  | 12 | ​
Total liabilities related to restricted securitized assets | ​ | $ | 7,574 | ​ | $ | 8,445 | ​ | $ | 6,988 | ​

​

18

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(10) Inventories

A majority of inventories owned by us are valued at cost on the “last-in, first-out” (LIFO) basis. If all inventories valued on a LIFO basis had been valued on a “first-in, first-out” (FIFO) basis, the estimated inventories by major classification would have been as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | October 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
Raw materials and supplies |  | $ | 3,438 | ​ | $ | 3,486 | ​ | $ | 3,851 | ​
Work-in-process | ​ | ​ | 1,056 | ​ |  | 930 | ​ |  | 1,127 | ​
Finished goods and parts | ​ | ​ | 5,615 | ​ |  | 5,364 | ​ |  | 5,979 | ​
Total FIFO value | ​ | ​ | 10,109 | ​ |  | 9,780 | ​ |  | 10,957 | ​
Excess of FIFO over LIFO | ​ | ​ | 2,239 | ​ |  | 2,687 | ​ |  | 2,514 | ​
Inventories |  | $ | 7,870 | ​ | $ | 7,093 | ​ | $ | 8,443 | ​

​

(11) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – Net

The changes in amounts of goodwill by operating segments were as follows. There were no accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | PPA | ​ | SAT | ​ | CF | ​ | Total |
Goodwill at October 29, 2023 |  | $ | 702 | ​ | $ | 363 | ​ | $ | 2,835 | ​ | $ | 3,900 | ​
Translation adjustments | ​ |  | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ | 36 | ​
Goodwill at April 28, 2024 | ​ | $ | 703 | ​ | $ | 364 | ​ | $ | 2,869 | ​ | $ | 3,936 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Goodwill at October 27, 2024 | ​ | $ | 701 | ​ | $ | 365 | ​ | $ | 2,893 | ​ | $ | 3,959 | ​
Translation adjustments and other | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 124 | ​ | ​ | 135 | ​
Goodwill at April 27, 2025 | ​ | $ | 709 | ​ | $ | 368 | ​ | $ | 3,017 | ​ | $ | 4,094 | ​

​

The components of other intangible assets were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | October 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
Customer lists and relationships | ​ | $ | 517 | ​ | $ | 508 | ​ | $ | 505 | ​
Technology, patents, trademarks, and other | ​ | ​ | 1,481 | ​ |  | 1,423 | ​ |  | 1,404 | ​
Total at cost | ​ | ​ | 1,998 | ​ |  | 1,931 | ​ |  | 1,909 | ​
Less accumulated amortization: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Customer lists and relationships | ​ | ​ | (249) | ​ | ​ | (231) | ​ | ​ | (213) | ​
Technology, patents, trademarks, and other | ​ | ​ | (785) | ​ | ​ | (701) | ​ | ​ | (632) | ​
Total accumulated amortization | ​ | ​ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ | (932) | ​ | ​ | (845) | ​
Other intangible assets – net | ​ | $ | 964 | ​ | $ | 999 | ​ | $ | 1,064 | ​

​

The amortization of other intangible assets in the second quarter and the first six months of 2025 was $37 and $78, and for the second quarter and the first six months of 2024 was $41 and $83, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows: remainder of 2025 – $73, 2026 – $135, 2027 – $128, 2028 – $92, 2029 – $77, and 2030 – $74.

(12) Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | October 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2024 | ​
Commercial paper | ​ | $ | 6,586 | ​ | $ | 4,008 | ​ | $ | 7,675 | ​
Notes payable to banks | ​ | ​ | 395 | ​ | ​ | 377 | ​ | ​ | 434 | ​
Finance lease obligations due within one year | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​
Long-term borrowings due within one year | ​ |  | 8,928 | ​ |  | 9,115 | ​ |  | 9,560 | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | $ | 15,948 | ​ | $ | 13,533 | ​ | $ | 17,699 | ​

​

19

​

(13) Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | October 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​
Accounts payable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Trade payables | ​ | $ | 2,785 |  | $ | 2,698 |  | $ | 2,968 | ​
Dividends payable | ​ |  | 443 | ​ |  | 405 | ​ |  | 409 | ​
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 280 | ​ | ​ | 270 | ​ | ​ | 270 | ​
Deposits withheld from dealers and merchants | ​ | ​ | 144 | ​ | ​ | 152 | ​ | ​ | 159 | ​
Payables to unconsolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 225 | ​ |  | 204 | ​ |  | 184 | ​
Accrued expenses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Employee benefits | ​ |  | 1,164 | ​ |  | 1,925 | ​ |  | 1,550 | ​
Accrued taxes | ​ |  | 1,224 | ​ |  | 1,509 | ​ |  | 1,453 | ​
Product warranties | ​ | ​ | 1,297 | ​ | ​ | 1,426 | ​ | ​ | 1,566 | ​
Dealer sales discounts | ​ | ​ | 468 | ​ | ​ | 996 | ​ | ​ | 546 | ​
Extended warranty premium | ​ |  | 1,194 | ​ |  | 1,179 | ​ |  | 1,110 | ​
Derivative liabilities | ​ | ​ | 614 | ​ | ​ | 582 | ​ | ​ | 1,005 | ​
Unearned revenue (contractual liability) | ​ |  | 895 | ​ |  | 744 | ​ |  | 801 | ​
Unearned operating lease revenue | ​ | ​ | 524 | ​ | ​ | 495 | ​ | ​ | 483 | ​
Accrued interest | ​ | ​ | 525 | ​ | ​ | 455 | ​ | ​ | 513 | ​
Parts return liability | ​ | ​ | 420 | ​ | ​ | 420 | ​ | ​ | 404 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 1,132 | ​ |  | 1,077 | ​ |  | 1,180 | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 13,345 |  | $ | 14,543 | ​ | $ | 14,609 | ​

Amounts are presented net of eliminations, which primarily consist of dealer sales incentives with a right of set-off against trade receivables of $2,059 at April 27, 2025, $2,121 at October 27, 2024, and $2,650 at April 28, 2024. Other eliminations were made for accrued taxes and other accrued expenses.

(14) Long-Term Borrowings

Long-term borrowings consisted of:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | October 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2024 | ​
Underwritten term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
U.S. dollar notes and debentures: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
6.55% debentures due 2028 | ​ | $ | 200 | ​ | $ | 200 | ​ | $ | 200 | ​
5.375% notes due 2029 | ​ |  | 500 | ​ |  | 500 | ​ |  | 500 | ​
3.10% notes due 2030 | ​ | ​ | 700 | ​ | ​ | 700 | ​ | ​ | 700 | ​
8.10% debentures due 2030 | ​ |  | 250 | ​ |  | 250 | ​ |  | 250 | ​
7.125% notes due 2031 | ​ |  | 300 | ​ |  | 300 | ​ |  | 300 | ​
5.45% notes due 2035 | ​ |  | 1,250 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
3.90% notes due 2042 | ​ |  | 1,250 | ​ |  | 1,250 | ​ |  | 1,250 | ​
2.875% notes due 2049 | ​ | ​ | 500 | ​ | ​ | 500 | ​ | ​ | 500 | ​
3.75% notes due 2050 | ​ | ​ | 850 | ​ | ​ | 850 | ​ | ​ | 850 | ​
5.70% notes due 2055 | ​ | ​ | 750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Euro notes: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
1.85% notes due 2028 (€600 principal) | ​ | ​ | 683 | ​ | ​ | 650 | ​ | ​ | 644 | ​
2.20% notes due 2032 (€600 principal) | ​ | ​ | 683 | ​ | ​ | 650 | ​ | ​ | 644 | ​
1.65% notes due 2039 (€650 principal) | ​ | ​ | 740 | ​ | ​ | 704 | ​ | ​ | 697 | ​
Serial issuances | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Medium-term notes |  | ​ | 33,942 | ​ | ​ | 36,566 | ​ | ​ | 32,859 | ​
Other notes and finance lease obligations | ​ |  | 372 | ​ |  | 265 | ​ |  | 1,708 | ​
Less debt issuance costs and debt discounts | ​ | ​ | (159) | ​ | ​ | (156) | ​ | ​ | (140) | ​
Long-term borrowings |  | $ | 42,811 | ​ | $ | 43,229 | ​ | $ | 40,962 | ​

Medium-term notes due through 2034 are primarily offered by prospectus and issued at fixed and variable rates. The principal balances of the medium-term notes were $34,241, $37,141, and $34,002, at April 27, 2025, October 27, 2024, and April 28, 2024, respectively. All outstanding notes and debentures are senior unsecured borrowings and rank equally with each other.

20

​

(15) Leases – Lessor

We lease equipment manufactured or sold by us through John Deere Financial. Sales-type and direct financing leases are reported in “Financing receivables – net.” Operating leases are reported in “Equipment on operating leases – net.”

Lease revenues earned by us follow:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​
Sales-type and direct finance lease revenues | ​ | $ | 44 | ​ | $ | 45 | ​ | $ | 90 | ​ | $ | 91 | ​
Operating lease revenues | ​ | ​ | 356 | ​ | ​ | 343 | ​ | ​ | 717 | ​ | ​ | 682 | ​
Variable lease revenues | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​
Total lease revenues | ​ | $ | 405 | ​ | $ | 392 | ​ | $ | 817 | ​ | $ | 782 | ​

​

(16) Commitments and Contingencies

A standard warranty is provided as assurance that the equipment will function as intended. The standard warranty period varies by product and region. At the time a sale is recognized, we record an estimate of future warranty costs based on historical claims rate experience and estimated population under warranty.

The reconciliation of the changes in the warranty liability follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended |
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 |
Beginning of period balance |  | $ | 1,360 |  | $ | 1,589 |  | $ | 1,426 |  | $ | 1,610 | ​
Warranty claims paid | ​ | ​ | (308) | ​ |  | (324) | ​ | ​ | (618) | ​ |  | (634) | ​
New product warranty accruals | ​ | ​ | 227 | ​ |  | 310 | ​ | ​ | 483 | ​ |  | 591 | ​
Foreign exchange | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ |  | (9) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ |  | (1) | ​
End of period balance | ​ | $ | 1,297 | ​ | $ | 1,566 | ​ | $ | 1,297 | ​ | $ | 1,566 | ​

​

The costs for extended warranty programs are recognized as incurred.

In certain international markets, we provide guarantees to banks for the retail financing of John Deere equipment. As of April 27, 2025, the notional value of these guarantees was $123. We may repossess the equipment collateralizing the receivables. At April 27, 2025, the accrued losses under these agreements were not material. We also had guarantees to a VIE (see Note 1) totaling $156 as of April 27, 2025.

We also had other miscellaneous contingent liabilities and guarantees totaling approximately $125 at April 27, 2025. The accrued liability for these contingencies was $25 at April 27, 2025.

At April 27, 2025, we had commitments of approximately $505 for the construction and acquisition of property and equipment. Also, at April 27, 2025, we had restricted assets of $250, classified as “Other assets.”

We are subject to various unresolved legal actions. The accrued losses on these matters were not material at April 27, 2025. We believe the reasonably possible range of losses for these unresolved legal actions would not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. The most prevalent legal claims relate to product liability (including asbestos-related liability), antitrust matters (including class action litigation), employment, patent, and trademark.

(17) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair values of financial instruments that do not approximate the carrying values were as follows. Long-term borrowings exclude finance lease liabilities.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27, 2025 | ​ | October 27, 2024 | ​ | April 28, 2024 |
​ | ​ | Carrying Value | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | Carrying Value | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | Carrying Value | ​ | Fair Value |
Financing receivables – net |  | $ | 43,029 |  | $ | 43,119 |  | $ | 44,309 |  | $ | 44,336 |  | $ | 45,278 |  | $ | 44,741 | ​
Financing receivables securitized – net | ​ | ​ | 7,765 | ​ | ​ | 7,710 | ​ | ​ | 8,723 | ​ | ​ | 8,654 | ​ | ​ | 7,262 | ​ | ​ | 7,063 | ​
Receivables from unconsolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | 557 | ​ | ​ | 557 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term securitization borrowings | ​ | ​ | 7,562 | ​ | ​ | 7,588 | ​ | ​ | 8,431 | ​ | ​ | 8,453 | ​ | ​ | 6,976 | ​ | ​ | 6,935 | ​
Long-term borrowings due within one year | ​ | ​ | 8,928 | ​ | ​ | 8,869 | ​ | ​ | 9,115 |  | ​ | 9,079 | ​ | ​ | 9,560 | ​ | ​ | 9,434 | ​
Long-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 42,742 | ​ | ​ | 42,423 | ​ | ​ | 43,157 |  | ​ | 42,804 | ​ | ​ | 40,882 | ​ | ​ | 40,059 | ​

Fair value measurements above were Level 3 for receivables and Level 2 for all borrowings.

21

​

Fair values of the financing receivables and receivables from unconsolidated affiliates that were issued long-term were based on the discounted values of their related cash flows at interest rates currently being offered by us for similar financing receivables or at current market interest rates. The fair values of the remaining receivables approximated the carrying amounts.

Fair values of long-term borrowings and short-term securitization borrowings were based on current market quotes for identical or similar borrowings and credit risk, or on the discounted values of their related cash flows at current market interest rates.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis follow, excluding our cash equivalents, which were carried at a cost that approximates fair value and consisted of money market funds and time deposits.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 27 |  | October 27 |  | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
Level 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Marketable securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
International equity securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3 | ​
U.S. equity fund | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 101 | ​
U.S. fixed income fund | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 24 | ​
U.S. government debt securities | ​ | $ | 259 | ​ | $ | 239 | ​ |  | 263 | ​
Total Level 1 marketable securities | ​ | ​ | 259 | ​ | ​ | 239 | ​ | ​ | 391 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Level 2: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Marketable securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
International fixed income fund | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate debt securities | ​ | ​ | 452 | ​ |  | 423 | ​ |  | 213 | ​
International debt securities | ​ | ​ | 154 | ​ | ​ | 143 | ​ | ​ | 148 | ​
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 201 | ​ |  | 165 | ​ |  | 152 | ​
Municipal debt securities | ​ | ​ | 87 | ​ |  | 74 | ​ |  | 67 | ​
U.S. government debt securities | ​ | ​ | 113 | ​ | ​ | 110 | ​ | ​ | 123 | ​
Total Level 2 marketable securities | ​ | ​ | 1,013 | ​ |  | 915 | ​ |  | 703 | ​
Other assets – Derivatives |  | ​ | 434 | ​ | ​ | 357 | ​ | ​ | 191 | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses – Derivatives |  | ​ | 614 | ​ | ​ | 582 | ​ | ​ | 1,005 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Level 3: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses – Deferred consideration | ​ | ​ | 128 | ​ | ​ | 147 | ​ | ​ | 164 | ​

The mortgage-backed securities are primarily issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.

The contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities at April 27, 2025 follow:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amortized |  | Fair |
​ | ​ | Cost | ​ | Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 57 | ​ | $ | 57 | ​
Due after one through five years | ​ | ​ | 366 | ​ | ​ | 358 | ​
Due after five through 10 years | ​ | ​ | 496 | ​ | ​ | 477 | ​
Due after 10 years | ​ | ​ | 203 | ​ | ​ | 173 | ​
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 227 | ​ | ​ | 201 | ​
Debt securities |  | $ | 1,349 |  | $ | 1,266 | ​

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some securities may be called or prepaid. Mortgage-backed securities contain prepayment provisions and are not categorized by contractual maturity.

22

​

Fair value, nonrecurring Level 3 measurements from impairments and other adjustments were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | Losses (Gains) | ​
​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | October 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025* |  | 2024 |
Other assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 23 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,944 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (32) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* The gain on “Assets held for sale” recorded in the first quarter of 2025 represents a reversal of prior period valuation allowance loss, not in excess of cumulative valuation allowance recorded on “Assets held for sale.”

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies we use to measure certain financial instruments on the balance sheets at fair value:

Marketable securities – The portfolio of investments is valued on a market approach (matrix pricing model) in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, credit risk, and prepayment speeds. Funds are valued using the fund’s net asset value, based on the fair value of the underlying securities. International debt securities are valued using quoted prices for identical assets in inactive markets.

Derivatives – Our derivative financial instruments consist of interest rate contracts (swaps), foreign currency exchange contracts (futures, forwards, and swaps), and cross-currency interest rate contracts (swaps). The portfolio is valued based on an income approach (discounted cash flow) using market observable inputs, including swap curves and both forward and spot exchange rates for currencies.

Deferred consideration – The total purchase price consideration for three former Deere-Hitachi joint venture factories acquired in 2022 included supply agreement price increases beyond inflation adjustments. This deferred consideration will be paid as we purchase Deere-branded excavators, components, and service parts from Hitachi under the agreement with a duration that ranges from 5 to 30 years after the acquisition date. The deferred consideration balance is reduced as purchases are made and valued on a discounted cash flow approach using market rates.

Other assets (Investments in unconsolidated affiliates) – Other than temporary impairments of investments are measured as the difference between the implied fair value and the carrying value of the investments. The estimated fair value for privately held entities is determined by an income approach (discounted cash flows), which includes inputs such as interest rates and margins.

Assets held for sale – The disposal group was measured at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Fair value was based on the probable sale price. The inputs included estimates of the final sale price (see Note 20).

(18) Derivative Instruments

Fair values of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts are presented below. Assets are recorded in “Other assets,” while liabilities are recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses.”

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27, 2025 | ​ | October 27, 2024 | ​ | April 28, 2024 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value |
​ | ​ | Notional | ​ | Assets | ​ | Liabilities | ​ | Notional | ​ | Assets | ​ | Liabilities | ​ | Notional | ​ | Assets | ​ | Liabilities |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 2,975 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 29 |  | $ | 2,875 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​ | $ | 20 |  | $ | 2,700 | ​ | $ | 34 | ​ | $ | 1 | ​
| ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair value hedges: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate contracts | ​ | ​ | 13,608 | ​ | $ | 169 | ​ | ​ | 372 | ​ | ​ | 15,864 | ​ | ​ | 115 | ​ | ​ | 467 | ​ | ​ | 13,664 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 884 | ​
Cross-currency interest rate contracts | ​ | ​ | 975 | ​ | ​ | 103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 975 | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
| ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net investment hedges: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cross-currency interest rate contracts | ​ | ​ | 1,131 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Not designated as hedging instruments: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate contracts | ​ | ​ | 14,254 | ​ | ​ | 112 | ​ | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​ | 12,518 | ​ | ​ | 97 | ​ | ​ | 75 | ​ | ​ | 12,869 | ​ | ​ | 112 | ​ | ​ | 71 | ​
Foreign exchange contracts | ​ | ​ | 8,078 | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ | 107 | ​ | ​ | 7,533 | ​ | ​ | 95 | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | 7,582 | ​ |  | 36 | ​ |  | 38 | ​
Cross-currency interest rate contracts | ​ | ​ | 141 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 158 | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 211 | ​ |  | 1 | ​ |  | 11 | ​

​

23

​

The amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to borrowings designated in fair value hedging relationships are presented in the table below. Fair value hedging adjustments are included in the carrying amount of the hedged item. The carrying amount of the hedged item and formerly hedged item includes long-term borrowings of $399, $598, and $598 at April 27, 2025, October 27, 2024, and April 28, 2024, respectively, that are in active hedging relationships and also had discontinued hedging relationships.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active Hedging Relationships | ​ | Discontinued Hedging Relationships | ​
​ | ​ | Carrying Amount | ​ | Cumulative Fair Value | ​ | Carrying Amount of | ​ | Cumulative Fair Value | ​
​ | ​ | of Hedged Item | ​ | Hedging Amount | ​ | Formerly Hedged Item | ​ | Hedging Amount | ​
April 27, 2025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | $ | 107 | ​ | $ | (1) | ​ | $ | 1,212 | ​ | $ | (12) | ​
Long-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 14,306 | ​ | ​ | (158) | ​ | ​ | 10,533 | ​ | ​ | (141) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
October 27, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | $ | 287 | ​ | $ | (1) | ​ | $ | 1,782 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​
Long-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 16,125 | ​ | ​ | (347) | ​ | ​ | 8,626 | ​ | ​ | (228) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | $ | 286 | ​ | $ | (7) | ​ | $ | 2,565 | ​ | $ | 16 | ​
Long-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 12,434 | ​ | ​ | (879) | ​ | ​ | 7,616 | ​ | ​ | (264) | ​

​

The classification and gains (losses), including accrued interest expense, related to derivative instruments on the statements of consolidated income consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended |
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts – Interest expense |  | $ | 435 | ​ | $ | (448) |  | $ | 92 | ​ | $ | (104) | ​
| ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flow hedges: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Recognized in OCI: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate contracts – OCI (pretax) | ​ | $ | (11) | ​ | $ | 26 | ​ | $ | (4) | ​ | $ | 18 | ​
Reclassified from OCI: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate contracts – Interest expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 16 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ |  | 27 | ​
| ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net investment hedges: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate contracts – Interest expense | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Recognized in OCI: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate contracts – OCI (pretax) | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
| ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Not designated as hedges: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate contracts – Interest expense |  | $ | (12) | ​ | $ | 7 |  | $ | (16) | ​ | $ | (2) | ​
Foreign exchange contracts – Net sales | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​
Foreign exchange contracts – Cost of sales | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​ |  | 9 | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | (21) | ​
Foreign exchange contracts – Other operating expenses | ​ | ​ | (118) | ​ |  | 46 | ​ | ​ | 90 | ​ |  | (135) | ​
Total not designated |  | $ | (133) | ​ | $ | 60 |  | $ | 99 | ​ | $ | (155) | ​

​

In April 2025, we entered into a cross-currency interest rate swap as a designated net investment hedge to reduce the foreign currency exposure from investments in foreign subsidiaries. Changes in fair value of the derivative attributable to changes in the spot rate are recorded in “Cumulative translation adjustment” within “Other comprehensive income” (OCI) to offset changes in the value of the net investments being hedged. Effectiveness is assessed using the spot method. The periodic cash settlement of the pay-fixed rate, receive-fixed rate cross-currency swap is recorded in “Interest expense.”

Certain of our derivative agreements contain credit support provisions that may require us to post collateral based on the size of the net liability positions and credit ratings. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position at April 27, 2025, October 27, 2024, and April 28, 2024, was $507, $562, and $967, respectively. In accordance with the limits established in these agreements, we posted $221, $245, and $562 of cash collateral at April 27, 2025, October 27, 2024, and April 28, 2024, respectively. In addition, we paid $8 of collateral that was outstanding at April 27, 2025, October 27, 2024, and April 28, 2024 to participate in an international futures market to hedge currency exposure, not included in the table below.

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Derivatives are recorded without offsetting for netting arrangements or collateral. The impact on the derivative assets and liabilities related to netting arrangements and collateral follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross Amounts | ​ | Netting | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | Recognized |  | Arrangements |  | Collateral |  | Net Amount |
April 27, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Assets |  | $ | 434 |  | $ | (166) |  | $ | (2) |  | $ | 266 | ​
Liabilities | ​ | ​ | 614 | ​ | ​ | (166) | ​ | ​ | (221) | ​ | ​ | 227 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
October 27, 2024 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Assets | ​ | $ | 357 |  | $ | (142) |  | ​ | ​ |  | $ | 215 | ​
Liabilities | ​ | ​ | 582 | ​ |  | (142) | ​ | $ | (246) | ​ | ​ | 194 | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Assets | ​ | $ | 191 |  | $ | (93) |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 98 | ​
Liabilities | ​ |  | 1,005 | ​ | ​ | (93) | ​ | $ | (562) | ​ |  | 350 | ​

​

​

(19) Share-Based Awards

We are authorized to grant shares for equity incentive awards. The outstanding shares authorized were 13.7 million at April 27, 2025. During the six months ended April 27, 2025, we granted stock options to employees for the purchase of 169 thousand shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $448.18 per share and a weighted-average binomial lattice model fair value of $116.35 per share at the grant date. At April 27, 2025, options for 1.2 million shares were outstanding with a weighted-average exercise price of $309.62 per share.

During the six months ended April 27, 2025, the restricted stock units (RSUs) granted in thousands of shares and the weighted-average grant date fair values, using the closing price of our common stock on the grant date in dollars, follow:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Grant-Date | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value | ​
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | (per share) | ​
Service-based |  | 307 |  | $ | 448.26 |
Performance/service-based | ​ | 40 | ​ | ​ | 429.77 | ​
Market/service-based (fair value determined using a Monte Carlo model) | ​ | 40 | ​ | ​ | 591.13 | ​

​

​

(20) Disposition

In February 2025, we completed a transaction with Banco Bradesco S.A. (Bradesco), for Bradesco to invest and become a 50% owner of our wholly-owned subsidiary in Brazil, BJD. Bradesco contributed capital directly to BJD. The transaction resulted in the deconsolidation of BJD in the second quarter of 2025. BJD finances retail and wholesale loans for agricultural, construction, and forestry equipment and was included in our financial services segment. BJD was a part of our Brazil operations which is considered an integrated single foreign entity.

We retained a 50% equity interest in BJD, which was valued at the deconsolidation date at $362 based on the completed transaction with Bradesco and its amount of contributed capital. We are accounting for our investment in BJD using the equity method of accounting and results of its operations are reported in “Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates.” The related investment in unconsolidated affiliates and receivables from unconsolidated affiliates are reported in “Other assets” and “Other receivables,” respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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The major classes of the total assets and liabilities of BJD at the time of deconsolidation were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | February | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 110 | ​
Trade accounts and notes receivable – net | ​ | ​ | 119 | ​
Financing receivables – net | ​ | ​ | 2,787 | ​
Deferred income taxes | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​
Other miscellaneous assets | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​
Valuation allowance | ​ | ​ | (65) | ​
Total assets | ​ | $ | 3,007 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | $ | 495 | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ​ | ​ | 124 | ​
Long-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 1,241 | ​
Retirement benefits and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | $ | 1,861 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total intercompany payables | ​ | $ | 781 | ​

​

At the time of deconsolidation in February 2025, the additional gain or loss was not significant. BJD was reclassified as held for sale in the third quarter of 2024.

Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows – Our noncash transactions as a result of BJD deconsolidation in February 2025 include the following items: derecognition of the above total assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents) and total liabilities, and the recognition of the investment in unconsolidated affiliates and receivables from unconsolidated affiliates (BJD intercompany payables above). The decrease in cash and cash equivalents resulting from deconsolidation of BJD was recorded in investing activities – “Other” in the statements of consolidated cash flows.

(21) Special ItemS

Discrete Tax Items

In the first quarter of 2025, we recorded favorable net discrete tax items primarily due to tax benefits of $110 related to the realization of foreign net operating losses from the consolidation of certain subsidiaries and $53 from an adjustment to an uncertain tax position of a foreign subsidiary.

Banco John Deere S.A.

In February 2025, we completed the transaction with Bradesco (see Note 20) for the sale of 50% ownership in BJD. BJD was included in our financial services segment and was reclassified as held for sale in the third quarter of 2024. In the first quarter of 2025, a pretax and after-tax gain (reversal of previous losses) of $32 was recorded in “Selling, administrative and general expenses” and presented in “Impairments and other adjustments” in the statements of consolidated income and consolidated cash flows, respectively.

​

(22) Subsequent EventS

In May 2025, we entered into a retail note securitization transaction, resulting in $369 of secured borrowings.

On May 28, 2025, a quarterly dividend of $1.62 per share was declared at the Board of Directors meeting, payable on August 8, 2025, to stockholders of record on June 30, 2025.

​

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Item 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

All amounts are presented in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.

Overview

Organization

Deere & Company is a global leader in the production of agricultural, turf, construction, and forestry equipment and solutions. John Deere Financial provides financing for John Deere equipment, parts, services, and other input costs customers need to run their operations. Our operations are managed through the production and precision agriculture (PPA), small agriculture and turf (SAT), construction and forestry (CF), and financial services operating segments. References to “equipment operations” include PPA, SAT, and CF, while references to “agriculture and turf” include both PPA and SAT.

Trends and Economic Conditions

Industry Sales Outlook for Fiscal Year 2025

Agriculture and Turf

Construction and Forestry

Company Trends

Customers seek to improve profitability, productivity, and sustainability through integrating technology into their operations. Deeper integration of technology into equipment is a persistent market trend. These technologies are incorporated into products within each of our operating segments. We expect this trend to persist for the foreseeable future. Our Smart Industrial Operating Model and Leap Ambitions are intended to capitalize on this market trend. Engaged acres are an indicator we use to understand customer utilization of our technology. We continue to invest in a Solutions as a Service business model to increase technology adoption and utilization by our customers. Solutions as a Service products did not represent a significant percentage of our revenues in the periods presented.

Company Outlook for 2025

Agriculture and turf and construction equipment sales volumes during the remainder of 2025 are expected to continue to be lower than the prior year due to reduced demand.

Agriculture and Turf Outlook for 2025

| ● | Demand for large agricultural equipment in the U.S. and Canada is expected to decline due to high interest rates, elevated used inventory levels, and market uncertainty. Stable crop prices and the impact of U.S. government subsidies on farm incomes are expected to partially mitigate this decline.

| ● | We expect small agricultural equipment sales to be down from 2024 levels in the U.S. and Canada. Strong profitability is anticipated to continue in the small agricultural sector as dairy and livestock prices remain elevated and certain high value crops return to profitability; however, this is projected to be more than offset by restrained demand in the turf and compact utility tractor markets amid economic uncertainty and high interest rates.

| ● | Industry demand in Europe is forecasted to be down slightly. Farm fundamentals are improving, given strong dairy and livestock margins. Additionally, commodity prices and input costs have steadied along with an improving interest rate environment. This is projected to be offset by below-average yields in key markets.

| ● | Demand in South America is expected to be roughly flat. In Brazil, profitability from recovered corn and soybean crop yields, as well as high margins in coffee production, are expected to have a positive impact on

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|  | sales. However, record crop production is likely to reduce commodity prices, and high interest rates continue to temper demand for equipment.

| ● | Industry sales in Asia are forecasted to be flat as the outlook for tractor sales in India improves.

Construction and Forestry Outlook for 2025

| ● | Construction equipment industry sales are forecasted to be down in the U.S. and Canada from 2024 levels. The decline is due to projections for single-family housing starts to moderate given macro uncertainty and high mortgage rates, while rental sales continue to soften and elevated interest rates continue to reduce multi-family and commercial real estate markets. These unfavorable factors are projected to be partially offset by high levels of U.S. government infrastructure spending.

| ● | Global forestry markets are expected to be flat to down as global market conditions remain challenged.

| ● | Global roadbuilding markets are forecasted to be generally flat, supported by strong end-market demand worldwide, along with improving sentiment throughout Europe.

Financial Services Outlook for 2025

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | Up | ​
+ Prior and current period special items | ​ | Favorable | ​
+ Selling, administrative and general expenses | ​ | Favorable | ​
(–) Financing spreads | ​ | Unfavorable | ​

Additional Trends

Agricultural Market Business Cycle. The agricultural market is affected by various factors including commodity prices, acreage planted, crop yields, government policies, and uncertainty in macroeconomic trends. These factors affect farmers’ income and sentiment which may result in lower demand for equipment. In 2025, we expect to continue experiencing the following effects due to unfavorable market conditions: lower sales volumes, higher sales incentives, and elevated receivable write-offs and expected credit losses.

Global Trade Policies. In the second quarter of 2025, new tariffs were imposed in the U.S. for imports from a broad range of countries. Certain countries also implemented or proposed retaliatory tariffs on imports from the U.S. Trade policies are rapidly evolving causing uncertainty in the agriculture and construction industries.

Trade policies impact us in various ways. We are a net exporter of agriculture and turf equipment from the U.S. Nearly 80% of our domestic sales are assembled in the U.S., with the remaining products imported primarily from Europe, Mexico, India, and Japan. The current effective incremental tariffs have adversely affected the cost of components. Uncertainties surrounding trade policies may also result in supply chain disruptions and could impact the availability of raw materials and components. In addition, retaliatory tariffs by regions outside the U.S., currently in effect or adopted in the future, may impact the prices of our exported products and the profit realized from these exports. The direct impact of incremental tariffs incurred by us was approximately $95 in the second quarter of 2025, excluding the impact of tariffs on our suppliers and market demand. We are actively taking steps to limit potential impacts on our business.

Interest Rates. While interest rates in the U.S. decreased in the fourth quarter of 2024, they remain elevated. High rates impact us in several ways, primarily affecting the demand for our products and financing spreads for the financial services operations. The markets for our agriculture, turf, and construction products are negatively impacted by elevated interest rates and their effect on borrowing costs for our customers.

Changes in the agricultural market business cycle, global trade policies, and interest rates are driven by factors outside of our control, and as a result we cannot reasonably foresee when these conditions will fully subside.

Legal Proceeding – On January 15, 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), along with the Attorneys General of the States of Illinois and Minnesota filed a lawsuit against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Western Division. The Attorneys General of the States of Arizona, Michigan, and Wisconsin joined the lawsuit. The lawsuit alleges monopolization and unfair competition in violation of the federal and state antitrust laws. Plaintiffs seek a permanent injunction and other equitable relief to allow owners of our equipment, as well as independent repair providers, access to our repair tools and any other repair resources available to authorized John Deere dealers. At this stage, we are unable to estimate the potential impact on our business.

Other Items of Concern and Uncertainties – Other items that could impact our results are:

| ● | global and regional political conditions, including the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict between India and Pakistan, and the conflicts in the Middle East

| ● | shifts in energy, economic, tax and trade policies, and positions on government subsidies of farming

| ● | capital market disruptions

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| ● | foreign currency and capital control policies

| ● | right to repair regulations and legislation

| ● | weather conditions

| ● | marketplace adoption and monetization of technologies we have invested in

| ● | our ability to strengthen our digital capabilities, automation, autonomy, and alternative power technologies

| ● | changes in demand and pricing for new and used equipment

| ● | delays or disruptions in our supply chain

| ● | significant fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates

| ● | volatility in the prices of many commodities

| ● | slower economic growth

Consolidated Results – 2025 Compared with 2024

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
Deere & Company | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​
(In millions of dollars, except per share amounts) | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​
Net sales and revenues | ​ | $ | 12,763 | ​ | $ | 15,235 | ​ | -16 | ​ | $ | 21,272 | ​ | $ | 27,420 | ​ | -22 | ​
Net income attributable to Deere & Company | ​ | ​ | 1,804 | ​ | ​ | 2,370 | ​ | -24 | ​ | ​ | 2,673 | ​ | ​ | 4,121 | ​ | -35 | ​
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | ​ | 6.64 | ​ | ​ | 8.53 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9.82 | ​ | ​ | 14.74 | ​ | ​ | ​

​

Net sales and revenues decreased for both the quarter and year-to-date periods primarily due to lower sales volumes. Net income and diluted EPS decreased primarily due to lower sales volumes and the unfavorable effects of foreign currency exchange, partially offset by lower production costs and discrete tax items in the first quarter of 2025 (see Note 21). The discussion of net sales and operating profit is included in the Business Segment Results below.

An explanation of the cost of sales to net sales ratio and other significant statement of consolidated income changes follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​
Deere & Company | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​
Cost of sales to net sales | ​ | ​ | 68.1% | ​ | ​ | 67.3% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 70.3% | ​ | ​ | 67.9% | ​ | ​ | ​
(–) Overhead costs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unfavorable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unfavorable | ​
(–) Tariffs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unfavorable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unfavorable | ​
+ Material costs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Favorable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Favorable | ​
Increased due to higher overhead costs from production inefficiencies associated with lower volumes and higher tariffs, partially offset by reduced material costs, and lower employee profit-sharing incentives. | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | $ | 238 | ​ | $ | 238 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 485 | ​ | $ | 577 | ​ | -16 | ​
Lower for the first six months primarily due to reduced international mutual funds investment income. | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Research and development expenses | ​ | ​ | 549 | ​ | ​ | 565 | ​ | -3 | ​ | ​ | 1,075 | ​ | ​ | 1,098 | ​ | -2 | ​
Largely unchanged due to continued focus on developing and incorporating technology solutions. | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling, administrative and general expenses | ​ | ​ | 1,197 | ​ | ​ | 1,265 | ​ | -5 | ​ | ​ | 2,169 | ​ | ​ | 2,330 | ​ | -7 | ​
Decreased for both periods mostly due to lower employee profit-sharing incentives, partially offset by a higher provision for credit losses. Additionally, the first six months includes the favorable impact of a reduced valuation allowance on Banco John Deere S.A. (BJD) assets (see Note 21). | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | 784 | ​ | ​ | 836 | ​ | -6 | ​ | ​ | 1,614 | ​ | ​ | 1,638 | ​ | -1 | ​
Decreased for both periods primarily due to lower average borrowings and lower average borrowing rates. | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 287 | ​ | ​ | 295 | ​ | -3 | ​ | ​ | 536 | ​ | ​ | 664 | ​ | -19 | ​
Decreased for the first six months due to lower foreign currency exchange losses in the first quarter and higher pension benefits for both periods (see Note 6). | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for income taxes | ​ | ​ | 539 | ​ | ​ | 751 | ​ | -28 | ​ | ​ | 566 | ​ | ​ | 1,220 | ​ | -54 | ​
Decreased for both periods as a result of lower pretax income. Additionally, the six months ended was impacted by the favorable impact of discrete tax adjustments (see Note 21). | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

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Business Segment Results – 2025 Compared with 2024

The equipment operations segment results were impacted by incremental tariffs in 2025. The tariff costs were included in production costs and other items, and were offset by cost reductions in the same categories.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​
Production and Precision Agriculture | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​
Net sales | ​ | $ | 5,230 | ​ | $ | 6,581 | ​ | -21 | ​ | $ | 8,297 | ​ | $ | 11,430 | ​ | -27 | ​
Operating profit | ​ | ​ | 1,148 | ​ | ​ | 1,650 | ​ | -30 | ​ | ​ | 1,486 | ​ | ​ | 2,695 | ​ | -45 | ​
Operating margin | ​ | ​ | 22.0% | ​ | ​ | 25.1% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17.9% | ​ | ​ | 23.6% | ​ | ​ | ​
Price realization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | +1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | +1 | ​
Currency translation impact on Net sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | -2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | -2 | ​

​

Production and precision agriculture sales decreased for the quarter as a result of lower U.S. shipment volumes driven mainly by higher interest rates and used inventory levels. Operating profit decreased primarily due to lower shipment volumes / sales mix and unfavorable effects of foreign currency exchange. This was partially offset by decreased production costs from lower material costs and employee profit-sharing incentives, and price realization.

Production & Precision Agriculture Operating Profit

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Sales for the first six months decreased as a result of lower shipment volumes (primarily in the U.S. and Europe). Operating profit for the first six months decreased due to lower shipment volumes / sales mix driven by higher interest rates and used inventory levels, partially offset by decreased production costs from lower material costs and employee profit-sharing incentives, and price realization.

Production & Precision Agriculture Operating Profit

First Six Months 2025 Compared to First Six Months 2024

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​
Small Agriculture and Turf | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​
Net sales | ​ | $ | 2,994 | ​ | $ | 3,185 | ​ | -6 | ​ | $ | 4,742 | ​ | $ | 5,610 | ​ | -15 | ​
Operating profit | ​ | ​ | 574 | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​ | +1 | ​ | ​ | 698 | ​ | ​ | 897 | ​ | -22 | ​
Operating margin | ​ | ​ | 19.2% | ​ | ​ | 17.9% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14.7% | ​ | ​ | 16.0% | ​ | ​ | ​
Price realization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | +1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | +1 | ​
Currency translation impact on Net sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | -1 | ​

​

Small agriculture and turf sales decreased for the quarter as a result of lower shipment volumes (primarily in the U.S., offset by India) driven mainly by economic uncertainties and higher interest rates, partially offset by price realization in the U.S. and Canada. Operating profit remained steady as favorable factors including lower production costs from lower material costs, lower warranty expenses, and price realization were offset by lower shipment volumes / sales mix.

Small Agriculture & Turf Operating Profit

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Sales for the first six months decreased as a result of lower shipment volumes (primarily in the U.S. and Europe) driven mainly by economic uncertainties and higher interest rates. Operating profit for the first six months decreased primarily as a result of lower shipment volumes / sales mix, partially offset by decreased production costs driven by lower material costs, and price realization.

Small Agriculture & Turf Operating Profit

First Six Months 2025 Compared to First Six Months 2024

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​
Construction and Forestry | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​
Net sales | ​ | $ | 2,947 | ​ | $ | 3,844 | ​ | -23 | ​ | $ | 4,941 | ​ | $ | 7,057 | ​ | -30 | ​
Operating profit | ​ | ​ | 379 | ​ | ​ | 668 | ​ | -43 | ​ | ​ | 444 | ​ | ​ | 1,234 | ​ | -64 | ​
Operating margin | ​ | ​ | 12.9% | ​ | ​ | 17.4% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9.0% | ​ | ​ | 17.5% | ​ | ​ | ​
Price realization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | -1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | -1 | ​
Currency translation impact on Net sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | -1 | ​

​

​

Construction and forestry sales decreased for the quarter due to lower shipment volumes (primarily in the U.S. and Brazil) driven by economic uncertainties and elevated interest rates. Operating profit decreased primarily due to lower shipment volumes / sales mix and unfavorable price realization due to pressures from the competitive environment.

Construction & Forestry Operating Profit

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Sales for the first six months decreased due to lower worldwide shipment volumes due to planned underproduction in the first quarter, economic uncertainties, and higher interest rates. Operating profit decreased primarily due to lower shipment volumes / sales mix and unfavorable price realization due to pressures from the competitive environment.

Construction & Forestry Operating Profit

First Six Months 2025 Compared to First Six Months 2024

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​ | April 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​ | % | ​
Financial Services | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Change | ​
Revenue (including intercompany) | ​ | $ | 1,501 | ​ | $ | 1,588 | ​ | -5 | ​ | $ | 3,074 | ​ | $ | 3,140 | ​ | -2 | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | 721 | ​ | ​ | 780 | ​ | -8 | ​ | ​ | 1,487 | ​ | ​ | 1,542 | ​ | -4 | ​
Net income | ​ | ​ | 161 | ​ | ​ | 162 | ​ | -1 | ​ | ​ | 391 | ​ | ​ | 370 | ​ | +6 | ​

​

The average balance of receivables and leases financed was 6% lower in the second quarter of 2025 and 4% lower in the first six months of 2025 compared with the same periods last year, primarily due to the deconsolidation of BJD in 2025 (see Note 20). Excluding the impact of BJD, revenue was flat in the second quarter of 2025 and increased slightly in the first six months of 2025.

Financial services net income in the second quarter of 2025 was flat compared with the same period last year due to less favorable financing spreads and a higher provision for credit losses, offset by lower selling, administrative, and general expenses and a reduction in derivative valuation adjustments. Excluding the impact of the BJD special item in 2025 (see Note 21), net income decreased in the first six months of 2025 due to a higher provision for credit losses and lower financing spreads, partially offset by lower selling, administrative, and general expenses and a reduction in derivative valuation adjustments.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See our critical accounting estimates discussed in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to these policies.

Capital Resources and Liquidity – 2025 Compared with 2024

We have access to global markets at a reasonable cost. Sources of liquidity include:

| ● | cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities on hand

| ● | funds from operations

| ● | the issuance of commercial paper and term debt

| ● | the securitization of retail notes

| ● | bank lines of credit

We closely monitor our cash requirements. Based on the available sources of liquidity, we expect to meet our funding needs in the short term (next 12 months) and long term (beyond 12 months). We are forecasting lower operating cash flows from equipment operations in 2025 compared with 2024 driven by a decrease in net income adjusted for non-cash provisions.

We operate in multiple industries, which have unique funding requirements. The equipment operations are capital intensive. Historically, these operations have been subject to seasonal variations in financing requirements for inventories and receivables from dealers.

The financial services operations rely on their ability to raise substantial amounts of funds to finance their receivable and lease portfolio. In the second quarter of 2025, the BJD business was deconsolidated (see Note 20). BJD assets and liabilities were reclassified to held for sale in the third quarter of 2024 and maintained that classification until the deconsolidation; they are not included within balances at year-end 2024.

Key metrics are provided in the following table:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | April 27 | ​ | October 27 | ​ | April 28 | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities | ​ | $ | 9,263 | ​ | $ | 8,478 | ​ | $ | 6,647 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Trade accounts and notes receivable – net | ​ | ​ | 6,748 | ​ | ​ | 5,326 | ​ | ​ | 8,880 | ​
Ratio to prior 12 month’s net sales | ​ | ​ | 17% | ​ | ​ | 12% | ​ | ​ | 17% | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Inventories | ​ | ​ | 7,870 | ​ | ​ | 7,093 | ​ | ​ | 8,443 | ​
Ratio to prior 12 month’s cost of sales | ​ | ​ | 29% | ​ | ​ | 23% | ​ | ​ | 24% | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unused credit lines | ​ | ​ | 4,866 | ​ | ​ | 6,474 | ​ | ​ | 2,787 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financial Services: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ratio of interest-bearing debt to stockholder’s equity | ​ | ​ | 8.7 to 1 | ​ | ​ | 8.1 to 1 | ​ | ​ | 8.7 to 1 | ​

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The decrease in unused credit lines during the first six months of 2025 relates to an increase in commercial paper outstanding partially offset by an increase in bank lines of credit. The increase in unused credit lines compared to a year ago was due to a decrease in commercial paper outstanding and an increase in bank lines of credit.

There have been no material changes to the contractual obligations and other cash requirements identified in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Cash Flows

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Six Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | April 27, 2025 | ​ | April 28, 2024 | ​
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ | $ | 568 | ​ | $ | 944 | ​
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | ​ | ​ | 779 | ​ | ​ | (1,670) | ​
Net cash used for financing activities | ​ | ​ | (821) | ​ | ​ | (1,162) | ​
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ​ | $ | 546 | ​ | $ | (1,893) | ​

​

Cash inflows from consolidated operating activities in the first six months of 2025 were $568. This resulted mainly from net income adjusted for non-cash provisions, partially offset by an increase in receivables related to sales, an increase in inventories, employee profit-sharing incentives, an OPEB contribution, and a reduction in dealer sales incentive accruals. Cash inflows from investing activities were $779 in the first six months of this year. The primary drivers were collections of receivables (excluding receivables related to sales) exceeding the cost of receivables acquired, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment. Cash outflows from financing activities were $821 in the first six months of 2025, as cash returned to shareholders was partially offset by higher external borrowings. Cash returned to shareholders was $1,681 in the first six months of 2025. Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash increased $546 during the first six months of 2025.

Key Metrics and Balance Sheet Changes

Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable. Trade accounts and notes receivable arise from sales of goods to customers. Trade receivables increased $1,422 during the first six months of 2025, primarily due to a seasonal increase. These receivables decreased $2,132 compared to a year ago due to lower sales volumes. The percentage of total worldwide trade receivables outstanding for periods exceeding 12 months was 7% at April 27, 2025, 6% at October 27, 2024, and 2% at April 28, 2024.

Financing Receivables and Equipment on Operating Leases. Financing receivables and equipment on operating leases consist of retail notes originated in connection with financing of new and used equipment, operating leases, revolving charge accounts, sales-type and direct financing leases, and wholesale notes. Financing receivables and equipment on operating leases decreased $2,353 during the first six months of 2025, primarily due to lower retail customer receivables, seasonal payments, and a decline in wholesale notes. Financing receivables and equipment on operating leases decreased $1,375 in the past 12 months due to the sale of 50% ownership in BJD and deconsolidation of related receivables in the second quarter of 2025 (see Note 20). Excluding the related BJD receivables from April 28, 2024 balances, financing receivables and equipment on operating leases increased $1,589 due to higher retail customer receivables and wholesale notes. Total acquisition volumes of financing receivables and equipment on operating leases were 17% lower in the first six months of 2025, compared with the same period last year excluding BJD receivables, as volumes of wholesale notes, retail notes, operating leases, and financing leases were lower, while revolving charge accounts were higher compared to the same period last year.

Inventories. Inventories increased by $777 during the first six months of 2025 primarily due to a seasonal increase, and decreased by $573 compared to a year ago due to lower forecasted shipment volumes. A majority of these inventories are valued on the last-in, first out (LIFO) method.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment cash expenditures in the first six months of 2025 were $555 compared with $719 in the same period last year. Capital expenditures in 2025 are estimated to be approximately $1,430.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses. Accounts payable and accrued expenses decreased by $1,198 in the first six months of 2025, primarily due to a decrease in accrued expenses associated with employee benefits and dealer sales discounts. Accounts payable and accrued expenses decreased $1,264 compared to a year ago due to a decrease in accrued expenses associated with derivative liabilities, employee benefits, and warranty liabilities, and a decrease in accounts payable associated with trade payables.

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Borrowings. Total external borrowings increased by $1,128 in the first six months of 2025 and increased $684 compared to a year ago, which contributed to higher cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances. The change in borrowings compared to a year ago was also impacted by the sale of 50% ownership in BJD and deconsolidation of related borrowings in the second quarter of 2025 (see Note 20). BJD borrowings at year-end were included in “Liabilities held for sale.”

John Deere Capital Corporation (Capital Corporation), a U.S. financial services subsidiary, has a revolving warehouse facility to utilize bank conduit facilities to securitize retail notes (see Note 9). The facility has an expiration in November 2025 and total capacity or “financing limit” of $2,500. At April 27, 2025, $1,643 of securitization borrowings were outstanding under the facility. At the end of the contractual revolving period, unless the banks and Capital Corporation agree to renew, Capital Corporation would liquidate the secured borrowings over time as payments on the retail notes are collected.

In the first six months of 2025, the financial services operations issued $1,480 and retired $2,351 of retail note securitization borrowings, which are presented in “Net proceeds (payments) in short-term borrowings (original maturities three months or less).”

Lines of Credit. We have access to bank lines of credit with various banks throughout the world.

Worldwide lines of credit totaled $11.9 billion at April 27, 2025, consisting primarily of:

| ● | a 364-day credit facility agreement of $5.0 billion expiring in the second quarter of 2026

| ● | a credit facility agreement of $3.25 billion expiring in the second quarter of 2028

| ● | a credit facility agreement of $3.25 billion expiring in the second quarter of 2030

At April 27, 2025, $4,866 of these worldwide lines of credit were unused. For the purpose of computing unused credit lines, commercial paper and short-term bank borrowings were considered to constitute utilization. These credit agreements require Capital Corporation and other parts of our business to maintain certain performance metrics and liquidity targets. All requirements in the credit agreements have been met during the periods included in the financial statements.

Debt Ratings. To access public debt capital markets, we rely on credit rating agencies to assign short-term and long-term credit ratings to our debt securities as an indicator of credit quality for fixed income investors. A security rating is not a recommendation by the rating agency to buy, sell, or hold our securities. A credit rating agency may change or withdraw ratings based on its assessment of our current and future ability to meet interest and principal repayment obligations. Each agency’s rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Lower credit ratings generally result in higher borrowing costs, including costs of derivative transactions, reduced access to debt capital markets, and may adversely impact our liquidity. The senior long-term and short-term debt ratings and outlook currently assigned to unsecured company securities by the rating agencies engaged by us are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Senior |  | ​ |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | Long-Term | ​ | Short-Term | ​ | Outlook |
Fitch Ratings | ​ | A+ | ​ | F1 | ​ | Stable | ​
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. |  | A1 |  | Prime-1 |  | Stable | ​
Standard & Poor’s |  | A |  | A-1 |  | Stable | ​

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained herein, including in the section entitled “Overview,” “Trends and Economic Conditions,” and “Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements” relating to future events, expectations, and trends constitute “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve factors that are subject to change, assumptions, risks, and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. Some of these risks and uncertainties could affect all lines of our operations generally while others could more heavily affect a particular line of business.

Forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and current assumptions, expectations, and projections about future events and should not be relied upon. Except as required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements. Many factors, risks, and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Among these factors are risks related to:

| ● | government policies and actions with respect to the global trade environment including increased and proposed tariffs announced by the U.S. government, any potential retaliatory trade regulations, tariffs and policies and the uncertainty of our ability to sell products domestically or internationally, continue production at certain international facilities, procure raw materials and components, accurately forecast demand and inventory, manage increased costs of production, absorb or pass on increased pricing, accurately predict financial results and industry trends, and remain competitive based on these trade actions, policies, and general economic uncertainty;

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| ● | the agricultural business cycle, which can be unpredictable and is affected by factors such as world grain stocks, harvest yields, available farm acres, acreage planted, soil conditions, prices for commodities and livestock, input costs, availability of transport for crops as well as adverse macroeconomic conditions, including unemployment, inflation, interest rate volatility, changes in consumer practices due to slower economic growth or a recession and regional or global liquidity constraints;

| ● | higher interest rates and currency fluctuations which could adversely affect the U.S. dollar, customer confidence, access to capital, and demand for our products and solutions;

| ● | our ability to adapt in highly competitive markets, including understanding and meeting customers’ changing expectations for products and solutions, including delivery and utilization of precision technology;

| ● | housing starts and supply, real estate and housing prices, levels of public and non-residential construction, and infrastructure investment;

| ● | political, economic, and social instability of the geographies in which we operate, including the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict between India and Pakistan, and the conflicts in the Middle East;

| ● | worldwide demand for food and different forms of renewable energy impacting the price of farm commodities and consequently the demand for our equipment;

| ● | investigations, claims, lawsuits, or other legal proceedings, including the lawsuit filed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Attorneys General of the States of Arizona, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin alleging that we unlawfully withheld self-repair capabilities from farmers and independent repair providers;

| ● | delays or disruptions in our supply chain;

| ● | changes in climate patterns, unfavorable weather events, and natural disasters;

| ● | availability and price of raw materials, components, and whole goods;

| ● | suppliers’ and manufacturers’ business practices and compliance with laws applicable to topics such as human rights, safety, environmental, and fair wages;

| ● | loss of or challenges to intellectual property rights;

| ● | rationalization, restructuring, relocation, expansion, and/or reconfiguration of manufacturing and warehouse facilities;

| ● | the ability to execute business strategies, including our Smart Industrial Operating Model and Leap Ambitions;

| ● | accurately forecasting customer demand for products and services and adequately managing inventory;

| ● | dealer practices and their ability to manage inventory and distribution of our products, and to provide support and service for precision technology solutions;

| ● | the ability to realize anticipated benefits of acquisitions and joint ventures, including challenges with successfully integrating operations and internal control processes;

| ● | negative claims or publicity that damage our reputation or brand;

| ● | the ability to attract, develop, engage, and retain qualified employees;

| ● | the impact of workforce reductions on company culture, employee retention and morale, and institutional knowledge;

| ● | labor relations and contracts, including work stoppages and other disruptions;

| ● | security breaches, cybersecurity attacks, technology failures, and other disruptions to our information technology infrastructure and products;

| ● | leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning within our business processes;

| ● | changes to governmental communications channels (radio frequency technology);

| ● | changes to existing laws and regulations, including the implementation of new, more stringent laws, as well as compliance with a variety of U.S., foreign, and international laws, regulations, and policies relating to, but not limited to the following: advertising, anti-bribery and anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, antitrust, consumer finance, cybersecurity, data privacy, encryption, environmental (including climate change and engine emissions), farming, health and safety, foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, foreign ownership and investment, human rights, import / export and trade, tariffs, labor and employment, product liability, telematics, and telecommunications;

| ● | governmental and other actions designed to address climate change in connection with a transition to a lower-carbon economy; and

| ● | warranty claims, post-sales repairs or recalls, product liability litigation, and regulatory investigations as a result of the deficient operation of our products.

Further information concerning us and our businesses, including factors that could materially affect our financial results, is included in our other filings with the SEC (including, but not limited to, the factors discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). There also may be other factors that we cannot anticipate or that are not described herein because we do not currently perceive them to be material.

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SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATING DATA

The supplemental consolidating data presented on the subsequent pages is presented for informational purposes. Equipment operations represent the enterprise without financial services. Equipment operations include production and precision agriculture operations, small agriculture and turf operations, construction and forestry operations, and other corporate assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses not reflected within financial services. Transactions between the equipment operations and financial services have been eliminated to arrive at the consolidated financial statements.

Equipment operations and financial services participate in different industries. Equipment operations primarily generate earnings and cash flows by manufacturing and selling equipment, service parts, and technology solutions to dealers and retail customers. Financial services finance sales and leases by dealers of new and used equipment that is largely manufactured by equipment operations. Those earnings and cash flows generally are the difference between the finance income received from customer payments less interest expense, and depreciation on equipment subject to an operating lease. The two businesses are capitalized differently and have separate performance metrics. The supplemental consolidating data is also used by management due to these differences.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​ | ​
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATING DATA | ​ | ​
STATEMENTS OF INCOME | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​
Unaudited | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | EQUIPMENT | ​ | FINANCIAL | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | OPERATIONS | ​ | SERVICES | ​ | ELIMINATIONS | ​ | CONSOLIDATED | ​ |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ |
Net Sales and Revenues |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net sales | ​ | $ | 11,171 | ​ | $ | 13,610 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,171 | ​ | $ | 13,610 | ​ | ​
Finance and interest income | ​ | ​ | 108 | ​ |  | 129 | ​ | $ | 1,380 | ​ | $ | 1,496 | ​ | $ | (134) | ​ | $ | (238) | ​ | ​ | 1,354 | ​ | ​ | 1,387 | 1 ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | 187 | ​ |  | 198 | ​ | ​ | 121 | ​ |  | 92 | ​ | ​ | (70) | ​ |  | (52) | ​ | ​ | 238 | ​ |  | 238 | 2, 3, 4​ | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | 11,466 | ​ |  | 13,937 | ​ | ​ | 1,501 | ​ |  | 1,588 | ​ | ​ | (204) | ​ |  | (290) | ​ | ​ | 12,763 | ​ |  | 15,235 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Costs and Expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of sales | ​ | ​ | 7,617 | ​ |  | 9,164 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ |  | (7) | ​ | ​ | 7,609 | ​ | ​ | 9,157 | 4 ​ | ​
Research and development expenses | ​ | ​ | 549 | ​ |  | 565 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 549 | ​ | ​ | 565 | ​ | ​
Selling, administrative and general expenses | ​ | ​ | 961 | ​ |  | 1,007 | ​ | ​ | 238 | ​ |  | 260 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (2) | ​ | ​ | 1,197 | ​ |  | 1,265 | 4 ​ | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | 94 | ​ |  | 114 | ​ | ​ | 721 | ​ |  | 780 | ​ | ​ | (31) | ​ |  | (58) | ​ | ​ | 784 | ​ |  | 836 | 1 ​ | ​
Interest compensation to Financial Services | ​ | ​ | 103 | ​ |  | 180 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (103) | ​ |  | (180) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 ​ | ​
Other operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ |  | 1 | ​ | ​ | 335 | ​ |  | 337 | ​ | ​ | (60) | ​ |  | (43) | ​ | ​ | 287 | ​ |  | 295 | 3, 4, 5​ | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | 9,336 | ​ |  | 11,031 | ​ | ​ | 1,294 | ​ |  | 1,377 | ​ | ​ | (204) | ​ |  | (290) | ​ | ​ | 10,426 | ​ |  | 12,118 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income before Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | 2,130 | ​ |  | 2,906 | ​ | ​ | 207 | ​ |  | 211 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,337 | ​ |  | 3,117 | ​ | ​
Provision for income taxes | ​ | ​ | 490 | ​ |  | 700 | ​ | ​ | 49 | ​ |  | 51 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 539 | ​ |  | 751 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income after Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | 1,640 | ​ |  | 2,206 | ​ | ​ | 158 | ​ |  | 160 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,798 | ​ |  | 2,366 | ​ | ​
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ |  | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | ​ | 1,640 | ​ |  | 2,206 | ​ | ​ | 161 | ​ |  | 162 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,801 | ​ |  | 2,368 | ​ | ​
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ |  | (2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​
Net Income Attributable to Deere & Company | ​ | $ | 1,643 | ​ | $ | 2,208 | ​ | $ | 161 | ​ | $ | 162 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,804 | ​ | $ | 2,370 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

1 Elimination of intercompany interest income and expense.

2 Elimination of equipment operations’ margin from inventory transferred to equipment on operating leases.

3 Elimination of income and expenses between equipment operations and financial services related to intercompany guarantees of investments in certain international markets.

4 Elimination of intercompany service revenues and fees.

5 Elimination of financial services’ lease depreciation expense related to inventory transferred to equipment on operating leases.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​ | ​
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATING DATA (Continued) | ​ | ​
STATEMENTS OF INCOME | ​ | ​
For the Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​
Unaudited | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | EQUIPMENT | ​ | FINANCIAL | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | OPERATIONS | ​ | SERVICES | ​ | ELIMINATIONS | ​ | CONSOLIDATED | ​ |
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ |
Net Sales and Revenues |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Net sales | ​ | $ | 17,980 | ​ | $ | 24,097 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,980 | ​ | $ | 24,097 | ​ | ​
Finance and interest income | ​ | ​ | 217 | ​ |  | 285 | ​ | $ | 2,835 | ​ | $ | 2,929 | ​ | $ | (245) | ​ | $ | (468) | ​ | ​ | 2,807 | ​ | ​ | 2,746 | 1 ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | 391 | ​ |  | 487 | ​ | ​ | 239 | ​ |  | 211 | ​ | ​ | (145) | ​ |  | (121) | ​ | ​ | 485 | ​ |  | 577 | 2, 3, 4​ | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | 18,588 | ​ |  | 24,869 | ​ | ​ | 3,074 | ​ |  | 3,140 | ​ | ​ | (390) | ​ |  | (589) | ​ | ​ | 21,272 | ​ |  | 27,420 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Costs and Expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of sales | ​ | ​ | 12,662 | ​ |  | 16,371 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16) | ​ |  | (14) | ​ | ​ | 12,646 | ​ | ​ | 16,357 | 4 ​ | ​
Research and development expenses | ​ | ​ | 1,075 | ​ |  | 1,098 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,075 | ​ | ​ | 1,098 | ​ | ​
Selling, administrative and general expenses | ​ | ​ | 1,761 | ​ |  | 1,882 | ​ | ​ | 412 | ​ |  | 453 | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ |  | (5) | ​ | ​ | 2,169 | ​ |  | 2,330 | 4 ​ | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | 178 | ​ |  | 223 | ​ | ​ | 1,487 | ​ |  | 1,542 | ​ | ​ | (51) | ​ |  | (127) | ​ | ​ | 1,614 | ​ |  | 1,638 | 1 ​ | ​
Interest compensation to Financial Services | ​ | ​ | 194 | ​ |  | 341 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (194) | ​ |  | (341) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 ​ | ​
Other operating expenses | ​ | ​ | (38) | ​ |  | 91 | ​ | ​ | 699 | ​ |  | 675 | ​ | ​ | (125) | ​ |  | (102) | ​ | ​ | 536 | ​ |  | 664 | 3, 4, 5​ | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | 15,832 | ​ |  | 20,006 | ​ | ​ | 2,598 | ​ |  | 2,670 | ​ | ​ | (390) | ​ |  | (589) | ​ | ​ | 18,040 | ​ |  | 22,087 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income before Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | 2,756 | ​ |  | 4,863 | ​ | ​ | 476 | ​ |  | 470 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,232 | ​ |  | 5,333 | ​ | ​
Provision for income taxes | ​ | ​ | 477 | ​ |  | 1,117 | ​ | ​ | 89 | ​ |  | 103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 566 | ​ |  | 1,220 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income after Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | 2,279 | ​ |  | 3,746 | ​ | ​ | 387 | ​ |  | 367 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,666 | ​ |  | 4,113 | ​ | ​
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | ​ | 2,276 | ​ |  | 3,746 | ​ | ​ | 391 | ​ |  | 370 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,667 | ​ |  | 4,116 | ​ | ​
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​ |  | (5) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​
Net Income Attributable to Deere & Company | ​ | $ | 2,282 | ​ | $ | 3,751 | ​ | $ | 391 | ​ | $ | 370 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,673 | ​ | $ | 4,121 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

1 Elimination of intercompany interest income and expense.

2 Elimination of equipment operations’ margin from inventory transferred to equipment on operating leases.

3 Elimination of income and expenses between equipment operations and financial services related to intercompany guarantees of investments in certain international markets.

4 Elimination of intercompany service revenues and fees.

5 Elimination of financial services’ lease depreciation expense related to inventory transferred to equipment on operating leases.

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39

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATING DATA (Continued) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unaudited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | EQUIPMENT | ​ | FINANCIAL | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | OPERATIONS | ​ | SERVICES | ​ | ELIMINATIONS | ​ | CONSOLIDATED | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Apr 27 | ​ | Oct 27 | ​ | Apr 28 | ​ | Apr 27 | ​ | Oct 27 | ​ | Apr 28 | ​ | Apr 27 | ​ | Oct 27 | ​ | Apr 28 | ​ | Apr 27 | ​ | Oct 27 | ​ | Apr 28 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 6,331 | ​ | $ | 5,615 | ​ | $ | 3,800 | ​ | $ | 1,660 | ​ | $ | 1,709 | ​ | $ | 1,753 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,991 | ​ | $ | 7,324 | ​ | $ | 5,553 | ​ | ​
Marketable securities | ​ | ​ | 139 | ​ |  | 125 | ​ |  | 148 | ​ | ​ | 1,133 | ​ |  | 1,029 | ​ |  | 946 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,272 | ​ |  | 1,154 | ​ |  | 1,094 | ​ | ​
Receivables from Financial Services | ​ | ​ | 2,497 | ​ |  | 3,043 | ​ |  | 4,480 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (2,497) | ​ | $ | (3,043) | ​ | $ | (4,480) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 ​ | ​
Trade accounts and notes receivable – net | ​ | ​ | 1,429 | ​ |  | 1,257 | ​ |  | 1,320 | ​ | ​ | 7,406 | ​ |  | 6,225 | ​ |  | 10,263 | ​ | ​ | (2,087) | ​ |  | (2,156) | ​ |  | (2,703) | ​ | ​ | 6,748 | ​ |  | 5,326 | ​ |  | 8,880 | 7 ​ | ​
Financing receivables – net | ​ | ​ | 82 | ​ |  | 78 | ​ |  | 80 | ​ | ​ | 42,947 | ​ |  | 44,231 | ​ |  | 45,198 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43,029 | ​ |  | 44,309 | ​ |  | 45,278 | ​ | ​
Financing receivables securitized – net | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,763 | ​ |  | 8,721 | ​ |  | 7,262 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,765 | ​ |  | 8,723 | ​ |  | 7,262 | ​ | ​
Other receivables | ​ | ​ | 2,009 | ​ |  | 2,193 | ​ |  | 1,822 | ​ | ​ | 1,009 | ​ |  | 427 | ​ |  | 760 | ​ | ​ | (43) | ​ |  | (75) | ​ |  | (47) | ​ | ​ | 2,975 | ​ |  | 2,545 | ​ |  | 2,535 | 7 ​ | ​
Equipment on operating leases – net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,336 | ​ |  | 7,451 | ​ |  | 6,965 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,336 | ​ |  | 7,451 | ​ |  | 6,965 | ​ | ​
Inventories | ​ | ​ | 7,870 | ​ |  | 7,093 | ​ |  | 8,443 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,870 | ​ | ​ | 7,093 | ​ | ​ | 8,443 | ​ | ​
Property and equipment – net | ​ | ​ | 7,523 | ​ |  | 7,546 | ​ |  | 6,999 | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ |  | 34 | ​ |  | 35 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,555 | ​ |  | 7,580 | ​ |  | 7,034 | ​ | ​
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | 4,094 | ​ |  | 3,959 | ​ |  | 3,936 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,094 | ​ | ​ | 3,959 | ​ | ​ | 3,936 | ​ | ​
Other intangible assets – net | ​ | ​ | 964 | ​ |  | 999 | ​ |  | 1,064 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 964 | ​ |  | 999 | ​ |  | 1,064 | ​ | ​
Retirement benefits | ​ | ​ | 3,046 | ​ |  | 2,839 | ​ |  | 2,980 | ​ | ​ | 89 | ​ |  | 83 | ​ |  | 77 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​ | 3,133 | ​ |  | 2,921 | ​ |  | 3,056 | 8 ​ | ​
Deferred income taxes | ​ | ​ | 2,377 | ​ |  | 2,262 | ​ |  | 2,210 | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ |  | 43 | ​ |  | 71 | ​ | ​ | (331) | ​ |  | (219) | ​ |  | (345) | ​ | ​ | 2,088 | ​ |  | 2,086 | ​ |  | 1,936 | 9 ​ | ​
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 2,349 | ​ |  | 2,194 | ​ |  | 2,105 | ​ | ​ | 1,152 | ​ |  | 715 | ​ |  | 504 | ​ | ​ | (18) | ​ |  | (3) | ​ |  | (17) | ​ | ​ | 3,483 | ​ |  | 2,906 | ​ |  | 2,592 | ​ | ​
Assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,944 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,944 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Assets | ​ | $ | 40,712 | ​ | $ | 39,205 | ​ | $ | 39,387 | ​ | $ | 70,569 | ​ | $ | 73,612 | ​ | $ | 73,834 | ​ | $ | (4,978) | ​ | $ | (5,497) | ​ | $ | (7,593) | ​ | $ | 106,303 | ​ | $ | 107,320 | ​ | $ | 105,628 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | $ | 241 | ​ | $ | 911 | ​ | $ | 1,055 | ​ | $ | 15,707 | ​ | $ | 12,622 | ​ | $ | 16,644 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 15,948 | ​ | $ | 13,533 | ​ | $ | 17,699 | ​ | ​
Short-term securitization borrowings | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,561 | ​ |  | 8,429 | ​ |  | 6,976 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,562 | ​ |  | 8,431 | ​ |  | 6,976 | ​ | ​
Payables to Equipment Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,497 | ​ |  | 3,043 | ​ |  | 4,480 | ​ | $ | (2,497) | ​ | $ | (3,043) | ​ | $ | (4,480) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | 6 ​ | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ​ | ​ | 12,180 | ​ |  | 13,534 | ​ |  | 13,771 | ​ | ​ | 3,313 | ​ |  | 3,243 | ​ |  | 3,605 | ​ | ​ | (2,148) | ​ |  | (2,234) | ​ |  | (2,767) | ​ | ​ | 13,345 | ​ |  | 14,543 | ​ |  | 14,609 | 7 ​ | ​
Deferred income taxes | ​ | ​ | 405 | ​ |  | 434 | ​ |  | 421 | ​ | ​ | 422 | ​ |  | 263 | ​ |  | 415 | ​ | ​ | (331) | ​ |  | (219) | ​ |  | (345) | ​ | ​ | 496 | ​ |  | 478 | ​ |  | 491 | 9 ​ | ​
Long-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 8,685 | ​ |  | 6,603 | ​ |  | 6,575 | ​ | ​ | 34,126 | ​ |  | 36,626 | ​ |  | 34,387 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42,811 | ​ |  | 43,229 | ​ |  | 40,962 | ​ | ​
Retirement benefits and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | 1,695 | ​ |  | 2,250 | ​ |  | 1,995 | ​ | ​ | 70 | ​ |  | 105 | ​ |  | 111 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​ | 1,763 | ​ |  | 2,354 | ​ |  | 2,105 | 8 ​ | ​
Liabilities held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,827 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,827 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | 23,207 | ​ | ​ | 23,734 | ​ | ​ | 23,817 | ​ | ​ | 63,696 | ​ | ​ | 66,158 | ​ | ​ | 66,618 | ​ | ​ | (4,978) | ​ | ​ | (5,497) | ​ | ​ | (7,593) | ​ | ​ | 81,925 | ​ | ​ | 84,395 | ​ | ​ | 82,842 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | ​ | ​ | 83 | ​ | ​ | 82 | ​ | ​ | 98 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 83 | ​ | ​ | 82 | ​ | ​ | 98 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Deere & Company stockholders’ equity | ​ | ​ | 24,287 | ​ |  | 22,836 | ​ |  | 22,684 | ​ | ​ | 6,873 | ​ | ​ | 7,454 | ​ | ​ | 7,216 | ​ | ​ | (6,873) | ​ | ​ | (7,454) | ​ | ​ | (7,216) | ​ | ​ | 24,287 | ​ | ​ | 22,836 | ​ | ​ | 22,684 | 10 ​ | ​
Noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​
Financial Services’ equity | ​ | ​ | (6,873) | ​ |  | (7,454) | ​ |  | (7,216) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,873 | ​ | ​ | 7,454 | ​ | ​ | 7,216 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 ​ | ​
Adjusted total stockholders’ equity | ​ | ​ | 17,422 | ​ |  | 15,389 | ​ |  | 15,472 | ​ | ​ | 6,873 | ​ |  | 7,454 | ​ |  | 7,216 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24,295 | ​ |  | 22,843 | ​ |  | 22,688 | ​ | ​
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ​ | $ | 40,712 | ​ | $ | 39,205 | ​ | $ | 39,387 | ​ | $ | 70,569 | ​ | $ | 73,612 | ​ | $ | 73,834 | ​ | $ | (4,978) | ​ | $ | (5,497) | ​ | $ | (7,593) | ​ | $ | 106,303 | ​ | $ | 107,320 | ​ | $ | 105,628 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

6 Elimination of receivables / payables between equipment operations and financial services.

7 Primarily reclassification of sales incentive accruals on receivables sold to financial services.

8 Reclassification of net pension assets / liabilities.

9 Reclassification of deferred tax assets / liabilities in the same taxing jurisdictions.

10 Elimination of financial services’ equity.

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40

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEERE & COMPANY | ​ | ​
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATING DATA (Continued) | ​ | ​
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS | ​ | ​
For the Six Months Ended April 27, 2025 and April 28, 2024 | ​ | ​
Unaudited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | EQUIPMENT | ​ | FINANCIAL | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | OPERATIONS | ​ | SERVICES | ​ | ELIMINATIONS | ​ | CONSOLIDATED | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 2,276 | ​ | $ | 3,746 | ​ | $ | 391 | ​ | $ | 370 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,667 | ​ | $ | 4,116 | ​ | ​
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 11 | ​ |  | 10 | ​ |  | 163 | ​ |  | 121 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 174 | ​ |  | 131 | ​ | ​
Provision for depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 643 | ​ |  | 608 | ​ |  | 529 | ​ |  | 509 | ​ | $ | (68) | ​ | $ | (72) | ​ |  | 1,104 | ​ |  | 1,045 | 11 ​ | ​
Impairments and other adjustments | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (32) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (32) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Share-based compensation expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ | ​ | 104 | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ | ​ | 104 | 12 ​ | ​
Distributed earnings of Financial Services | ​ |  | 984 | ​ |  | 247 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (984) | ​ |  | (247) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | 13 ​ | ​
Provision (credit) for deferred income taxes | ​ |  | (153) | ​ |  | (74) | ​ |  | 164 | ​ |  | (46) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 11 | ​ |  | (120) | ​ | ​
Changes in assets and liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Receivables related to sales | ​ |  | (185) | ​ |  | (58) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (884) | ​ | ​ | (2,411) | ​ | ​ | (1,069) | ​ | ​ | (2,469) | 14, 16​ | ​
Inventories | ​ |  | (691) | ​ |  | (300) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (81) | ​ | ​ | (109) | ​ | ​ | (772) | ​ | ​ | (409) | 15 ​ | ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ​ |  | (1,069) | ​ |  | (1,012) | ​ |  | 102 | ​ |  | 147 | ​ |  | 69 | ​ |  | (435) | ​ |  | (898) | ​ |  | (1,300) | 16 ​ | ​
Accrued income taxes payable/receivable | ​ |  | (77) | ​ |  | (20) | ​ |  | (70) | ​ |  | (9) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (147) | ​ |  | (29) | ​ | ​
Retirement benefits | ​ |  | (753) | ​ |  | (205) | ​ |  | (41) | ​ |  | (3) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (794) | ​ |  | (208) | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | 59 | ​ |  | 89 | ​ |  | 224 | ​ |  | 65 | ​ |  | (13) | ​ |  | (71) | ​ |  | 270 | ​ |  | 83 | 11, 12, 15​ | ​
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ |  | 1,045 | ​ |  | 3,031 | ​ |  | 1,430 | ​ |  | 1,154 | ​ |  | (1,907) | ​ |  | (3,241) | ​ |  | 568 | ​ |  | 944 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Collections of receivables (excluding receivables related to sales) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 14,684 | ​ |  | 14,175 | ​ |  | (336) | ​ |  | (472) | ​ |  | 14,348 | ​ |  | 13,703 | 14 ​ | ​
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities | ​ |  | 18 | ​ |  | 58 | ​ |  | 227 | ​ |  | 142 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 245 | ​ |  | 200 | ​ | ​
Proceeds from sales of equipment on operating leases | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 1,001 | ​ |  | 1,011 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1,001 | ​ |  | 1,011 | ​ | ​
Cost of receivables acquired (excluding receivables related to sales) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (12,875) | ​ |  | (14,238) | ​ |  | 131 | ​ |  | 147 | ​ |  | (12,744) | ​ |  | (14,091) | 14 ​ | ​
Purchases of marketable securities | ​ | ​ | (20) | ​ |  | (226) | ​ |  | (327) | ​ |  | (206) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (347) | ​ |  | (432) | ​ | ​
Purchases of property and equipment | ​ |  | (555) | ​ |  | (718) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (555) | ​ |  | (719) | ​ | ​
Cost of equipment on operating leases acquired | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (1,363) | ​ |  | (1,516) | ​ |  | 109 | ​ |  | 147 | ​ |  | (1,254) | ​ |  | (1,369) | 15 ​ | ​
Decrease in investment in Financial Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (10) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | 17 ​ | ​
Increase in trade and wholesale receivables | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (1,019) | ​ |  | (3,171) | ​ |  | 1,019 | ​ |  | 3,171 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | 14 ​ | ​
Collections of receivables from unconsolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | 183 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 51 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 234 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Collateral on derivatives – net | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24 | ​ | ​ | 96 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | 96 | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | (72) | ​ |  | (68) | ​ |  | (104) | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 1 | ​ |  | (176) | ​ |  | (69) | ​ | ​
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | ​ |  | (443) | ​ |  | (944) | ​ |  | 299 | ​ |  | (3,710) | ​ |  | 923 | ​ |  | 2,984 | ​ |  | 779 | ​ |  | (1,670) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net proceeds (payments) in short-term borrowings (original maturities three months or less) | ​ |  | 65 | ​ |  | 189 | ​ |  | 486 | ​ |  | (131) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 551 | ​ |  | 58 | ​ | ​
Change in intercompany receivables/payables | ​ |  | 428 | ​ |  | 31 | ​ |  | (428) | ​ |  | (31) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Proceeds from borrowings issued (original maturities greater than three months) | ​ |  | 2,043 | ​ |  | 34 | ​ |  | 3,113 | ​ |  | 10,155 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 5,156 | ​ |  | 10,189 | ​ | ​
Payments of borrowings (original maturities greater than three months) | ​ |  | (766) | ​ |  | (1,012) | ​ |  | (4,071) | ​ |  | (7,127) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (4,837) | ​ |  | (8,139) | ​ | ​
Repurchases of common stock | ​ |  | (838) | ​ |  | (2,422) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (838) | ​ | ​ | (2,422) | ​ | ​
Capital returned to Equipment Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17 ​ | ​
Dividends paid | ​ |  | (843) | ​ |  | (796) | ​ |  | (984) | ​ | ​ | (247) | ​ |  | 984 | ​ | ​ | 247 | ​ |  | (843) | ​ | ​ | (796) | 13 ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | (4) | ​ |  | (27) | ​ |  | (6) | ​ |  | (25) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (10) | ​ |  | (52) | ​ | ​
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | ​ |  | 85 | ​ |  | (4,003) | ​ |  | (1,890) | ​ |  | 2,584 | ​ |  | 984 | ​ |  | 257 | ​ |  | (821) | ​ |  | (1,162) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | (5) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | (5) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ |  | 709 | ​ |  | (1,916) | ​ |  | (163) | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 546 | ​ |  | (1,893) | ​ | ​
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period | ​ |  | 5,643 | ​ |  | 5,755 | ​ |  | 1,990 | ​ |  | 1,865 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 7,633 | ​ |  | 7,620 | ​ | ​
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period | ​ | $ | 6,352 | ​ | $ | 3,839 | ​ | $ | 1,827 | ​ | $ | 1,888 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,179 | ​ | $ | 5,727 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Components of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 6,331 | ​ | $ | 3,800 | ​ | $ | 1,660 | ​ | $ | 1,753 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,991 | ​ | $ | 5,553 | ​ | ​
Restricted cash (Other assets) | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ | 167 | ​ | ​ | 135 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 188 | ​ | ​ | 174 | ​ | ​
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | ​ | $ | 6,352 | ​ | $ | 3,839 | ​ | $ | 1,827 | ​ | $ | 1,888 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,179 | ​ | $ | 5,727 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

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11 Elimination of depreciation on leases related to inventory transferred to equipment on operating leases.

12 Reclassification of share-based compensation expense.

13 Elimination of dividends from financial services to the equipment operations, which are included in the equipment operations’ operating activities.

14 Primarily reclassification of receivables related to the sale of equipment.

15 Reclassification of direct lease agreements with retail customers.

16 Reclassification of sales incentive accruals on receivables sold to financial services.

17 Elimination of change in investment from equipment operations to financial services.

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Item 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K (Part II, Item 7A). There have been no material changes in this information.

Item 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)) were effective as of April 27, 2025, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act. During the second quarter of 2025, there were no changes that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

On January 15, 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), along with the Attorneys General of the States of Illinois and Minnesota, filed a lawsuit against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Western Division. The Attorneys General of the States of Arizona, Michigan, and Wisconsin then joined the lawsuit. The lawsuit alleges monopolization and unfair competition in violation of federal and state antitrust laws. Plaintiffs seek a permanent injunction and other equitable relief to allow owners of our equipment, as well as independent repair providers, access to our repair tools and any other repair resources available to authorized John Deere dealers. On March 17, 2025, we filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit, and the FTC filed a response on April 28, 2025. We filed a reply on May 28, 2025. A hearing on this motion has not yet been scheduled. At this stage we are unable to predict the outcome or impact of this matter on our business and financial results.

In addition to the above, the most prevalent legal claims relate to product liability (including asbestos-related liability), employment, patent, trademark, and antitrust matters (including class action litigation).

Item 1A.Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 27, 2024, except as set forth below:

Legal proceedings, disputes and government inquiries and investigations could harm our business, financial condition, reputation, and brand.

We routinely are a party to claims and legal actions and the subject of government inquiries and investigations, the most prevalent of which relate to product liability (including asbestos-related liability), employment, patent, trademark, and antitrust matters. For example, we were recently the subject of a previously disclosed Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation into our information security practices and statements, which was closed by the FTC without action. The defense of lawsuits and government inquiries and investigations has resulted and may result in expenditures of significant financial resources and the diversion of management’s time and attention away from business operations. Adverse decisions in one or more of these claims, actions, inquiries, or investigations could require us to pay substantial damages or fines, undertake service actions, initiate recall campaigns, or take other costly actions. It is therefore possible that legal judgments or investigations could give rise to expenses that are not covered, or not fully covered, by our insurance programs and could affect our financial position and results.

We are currently subject to a consolidated multidistrict class action lawsuit in the Northern District of Illinois alleging that we have engaged in attempted monopolization, exclusionary conduct, and restraint of the market for repair services for John Deere brand agricultural equipment by limiting repair resources only to our authorized technicians or independent authorized John Deere dealers. In addition, the FTC, along with the Attorneys General of the States of Arizona, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, filed a lawsuit against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Western Division alleging similar claims. We are currently unable to predict the outcome of these matters.

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Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Purchases of our common stock during the second quarter of 2025 were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Number of |  |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Shares Purchased as | ​ | Maximum Number of |  |
​ | ​ | Total Number of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Part of Publicly | ​ | Shares that May Yet Be |  |
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Announced Plans or | ​ | Purchased under the |  |
​ | ​ | Purchased | ​ | Average Price | ​ | Programs (1) | ​ | Plans or Programs (1) |  |
Period | ​ | (thousands) | ​ | Per Share | ​ | (thousands) | ​ | (millions) |  |
Jan 27 to Feb 23 | ​ | 281 |  | $ | 480.30 | ​ | 281 | ​ | 18.4 | ​ | ​
Feb 24 to Mar 23 | ​ | 306 | ​ | ​ | 482.65 | ​ | 306 | ​ | 18.1 | ​ | ​
Mar 24 to Apr 27 | ​ | 169 | ​ | ​ | 471.67 | ​ | 169 | ​ | 17.9 | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | 756 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 756 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

(1) | We have a share repurchase plan that was announced in December 2022 to purchase up to $18.0 billion of shares of our common stock. The maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under this plan was 17.9 million based on the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as of the end of the second quarter of 2025 of $459.30 per share. At the end of the second quarter of 2025, $8.2 billion of common stock remained to be purchased under this plan.

Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

During the second quarter of 2025, we issued 3,850 deferred stock units under the Deere & Company Nonemployee Director Stock Ownership Plan (“NEDSOP”) to our nonemployee directors for their service on our Board of Directors. The deferred stock units convert to shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis following a termination of service as described in the plan. Deferred stock units and shares of common stock issued under the NEDSOP are exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 506 of the SEC’s Regulation D thereunder.

On February 27, 2025, we distributed 21,493 shares of common stock to a participant account under the NEDSOP.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information

Director and Executive Officer Trading Arrangements

N o n e.

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Item 6.Exhibits

Certain instruments relating to long-term borrowings constituting less than 10% of the registrant’s total assets are not filed as exhibits herewith pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K. The registrant will furnish copies of such instruments to the Commission upon request of the Commission.

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3.1 | Certificate of Incorporation (Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-Q of registrant for the quarter ended July 28, 2019, Securities and Exchange Commission File Number 1-4121*)
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3.2 | Bylaws, as amended (Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-Q of registrant for the quarter ended July 30, 2023, Securities and Exchange Commission File Number 1-4121*)
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10.1 | 364-Day Credit Agreement, dated March 24, 2025, among the registrant, John Deere Capital Corporation, John Deere Bank S.A., various financial institutions, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Bank of America, N.A., and Citibank, N.A., as Co-Syndication Agents, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Sustainability Structuring Agent
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10.2 | 2028 Credit Agreement, dated March 24, 2025, among the registrant, John Deere Capital Corporation, John Deere Bank S.A., various financial institutions, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Bank of America, N.A., and Citibank, N.A., as Co-Syndication Agents, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Sustainability Structuring Agent
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10.3 | 2030 Credit Agreement, dated March 24, 2025, among the registrant, John Deere Capital Corporation, John Deere Bank, S.A., various financial institutions, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Bank of America, N.A., and Citibank, N.A., as Co-Syndication Agents, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Sustainability Structuring Agent
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10.4 | Form of Terms and Conditions for John Deere Nonqualified Stock Options granted fiscal 2025
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10.5 | Form of Terms and Conditions for John Deere Restricted Stock Units granted fiscal 2025
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10.6 | Form of Terms and Conditions for John Deere Performance Stock Units granted fiscal 2025
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31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification
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31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification
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32 | Section 1350 Certifications (furnished herewith)
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101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
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101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
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101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
​ | ​
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
​ | ​
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
​ | ​
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
​ | ​
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
​ | ​

* Incorporated by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | DEERE & COMPANY
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Date: | May 29, 2025 | ​ | By: | /s/ Joshua A. Jepsen
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Joshua A. Jepsen Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) ​

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