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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Apr. 28, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:
(in millions)
Cardiac and
Vascular Group
 
Minimally Invasive Therapies Group
 
Restorative
Therapies Group
 
Diabetes Group
 
Total
April 24, 2015
$
5,855

 
$
23,399

 
$
9,424

 
$
1,852

 
$
40,530

Goodwill as a result of acquisitions
393

 
264

 
199

 
—

 
856

Measurement period adjustments related to Covidien
21

 
346

 
26

 
—

 
393

Other adjustments, net
—

 
(34
)
 
3

 
—

 
(31
)
Currency adjustment, net
(26
)
 
(191
)
 
(32
)
 
1

 
(248
)
April 29, 2016
6,243

 
23,784

 
9,620

 
$
1,853

 
41,500

Goodwill as a result of acquisitions
457

 
242

 
33

 
—

 
732

Currency adjustment, net
(49
)
 
(705
)
 
(53
)
 
—

 
(807
)
Goodwill reclassified to noncurrent assets held for sale
—

 
(2,910
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,910
)
April 28, 2017
$
6,651

 
$
20,411

 
$
9,600

 
$
1,853

 
$
38,515


The Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually in the third quarter and whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at the reporting unit level. There were no changes in reporting units during fiscal year 2017. The test for impairment of goodwill requires the Company to make several estimates about fair value, most of which are based on projected future cash flows. The Company calculated the excess of each reporting unit's fair value over its carrying amount, including goodwill, utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis. The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairments during fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015.
Intangible Assets
The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets:
 
April 28, 2017
 
April 29, 2016
(in millions)
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
Definite-lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer-related
$
16,862

 
$
(2,166
)
 
$
18,596

 
$
(1,331
)
Purchased technology and patents
11,461

 
(3,690
)
 
11,397

 
(2,976
)
Trademarks and tradenames
772

 
(461
)
 
854

 
(403
)
Other
77

 
(42
)
 
72

 
(31
)
Total
$
29,172

 
$
(6,359
)
 
$
30,919

 
$
(4,741
)
Indefinite-lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IPR&D
$
594

 
 
 
$
721

 
 

The Company assesses definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an intangible asset (asset group) may not be recoverable. When events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an intangible asset may not be recoverable, the Company calculates the excess of an intangible asset's carrying value over its undiscounted future cash flows. If the carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The inputs used in the fair value analysis fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the use of significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value. The Company did not recognize any definite-lived intangible asset impairments during fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015.
The Company assesses indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment annually in the third quarter and whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company calculates the excess of indefinite-lived intangible assets fair values over their carrying values utilizing a discounted future cash flow analysis. The Company did not recognize any significant indefinite-lived asset impairments during fiscal years 2017 and 2016. As a result of the analysis performed during fiscal year 2015, the fair value of certain IPR&D indefinite-lived assets were deemed to be less than their carrying value, resulting in an impairment loss of $5 million, which was recognized in acquisition-related items in the consolidated statements of income. Due to the nature of IPR&D projects, the Company may experience future delays or failures to obtain regulatory approvals to conduct clinical trials, failures of such clinical trials, delays or failures to obtain required market clearances or other failures to achieve a commercially viable product, and as a result, may recognize impairment losses in the future.
Amortization
Intangible asset amortization expense for fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $2.0 billion, $1.9 billion, and $733 million, respectively. Estimated aggregate amortization expense by fiscal year based on the current carrying value of definite-lived intangible assets at April 28, 2017, excluding any possible future amortization associated with acquired IPR&D which has not met technological feasibility and amortization associated with definite-lived intangible assets classified as held for sale at April 28, 2017, is as follows:
(in millions)
Amortization
Expense
2018
$
1,809

2019
1,725

2020
1,680

2021
1,666

2022
1,624