9. Other Income

The components of other income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 were:



	Year-Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014

	(in millions)
Payments for order flow	$	14	$	17	$	25
Market data fees		35		30		24
Account activity fees		18		16		14
Risk exposure fees		19		21		6
Gains (losses) on financial instruments, at fair value and other investments, net		35		(18)		(5)
Gains (losses) from currency diversification strategy, net		(40)		(206)		(185)
Other, net		13		18		10
	$	94	$	(122)	$	(111)

Payments for order flow are earned from various options exchanges based upon options trading volume originated by the Operating Companies. Market data fees are charged to customers based upon market data services provided and are largely offset by the related cost to obtain the underlying market data from third party vendors. Risk exposure fees are earned from a small minority of customer accounts with positions on which market risk exceeds certain thresholds. Account activity fees are charged to customers that generate commissions below the minimum level in any given month. The fee is based on the difference between the minimum monthly required commission and the actual commissions generated by the customer’s account. Gains and losses on financial instruments, at fair value and other investments include realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments that are not held for the Company’s market making operations or from securities that are subject to restrictions, and the Company’s interests in the earnings of equity method investees and dividends received on cost‑basis investments.