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Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Geographic Information [Abstract]  
Geographic Information 15.  Geographic Information

The Company operates its automated global business in the U.S. and international markets on more than 150 electronic exchanges and market centers. A significant portion of the Company’s net revenues is generated by subsidiaries operating outside the U.S. International operations are conducted in 33 countries in Europe, Asia/Pacific and the Americas (outside the U.S.). The following table presents total net revenues and income before income taxes by geographic area for the periods indicated.

Significant transactions and balances between the operating subsidiaries occur, primarily as a result of certain operating subsidiaries holding exchange or clearing organization memberships, which are utilized to provide execution and clearing services to subsidiaries. Intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in this geographic information to reflect the external business conducted in each geographic region. The geographic analysis presented below is based on the location of the subsidiaries in which the transactions are recorded. This geographic information does not reflect the way the Company’s business is managed.

Year-Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

(in millions)

Net revenues

United States

$

3,028

$

2,115

$

1,881

International

1,312

952

833

Total net revenues

$

4,340

$

3,067

$

2,714

Income before income taxes

United States

$

2,316

$

1,546

$

1,474

International

753

452

313

Total income before income taxes

$

3,069

$

1,998

$

1,787