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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes 11.  Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to the taxation treatment of income attributable to noncontrolling interests in IBG LLC. These noncontrolling interests are held directly through a U.S. partnership. Accordingly, the income attributable to these noncontrolling interests is reported in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, but the related U.S. income tax expense attributable to these noncontrolling interests is not reported by the Company as it is generally the obligation of the noncontrolling interests. Income tax expense is also affected by the differing effective tax rates in foreign, state and local jurisdictions where certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to corporate taxation.

Deferred income taxes arise primarily due to the amortization of the deferred tax assets recognized in connection with the common stock offerings (see Note 4), differences in the valuation of financial assets and liabilities, and for other temporary differences arising from the deductibility of compensation and depreciation expenses in different periods for accounting and income tax return purposes.

As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no material valuation allowances on deferred tax assets.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various states and foreign jurisdictions. As of June 30, 2024, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal and State income tax examinations for tax years before 2016, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for tax years prior to 2013.

Under U.S. GAAP, a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Based upon the Company’s review of its federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns and tax filing positions, the Company has recorded a $2.6 million tax liability (including interest) for an uncertain tax position for an IRS audit primarily related to the IRC Section 199 Domestic Production Activities Deduction.


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