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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 29, 2019
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission file number: 1-11437

LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland |  | 52-1893632
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
6801 Rockledge Drive, | Bethesda, | Maryland |  | 20817
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(301) 897-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value | LMT | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non–accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non–accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
There were 282,071,418 shares of our common stock, $1 par value per share, outstanding as of October 18, 2019.

Table of Contents
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 29, 2019
Table of Contents

|  |  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
| ITEM 1. | Financial Statements |
|  | Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 4
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 6
|  | Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Quarters Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 7
|  | Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 8
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
|  | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 27
| ITEM 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 28
| ITEM 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 44
| ITEM 4. | Controls and Procedures | 45
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
| ITEM 1. | Legal Proceedings | 47
| ITEM 1A. | Risk Factors | 47
| ITEM 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 49
| ITEM 6. | Exhibits | 50
SIGNATURE | 51

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
(unaudited; in millions, except per share data)

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 12,728 |  |  |  | $ | 11,918 |  |  |  | $ | 36,701 |  |  |  | $ | 32,830 |  |
Services |  | 2,443 |  |  |  | 2,400 |  |  |  | 7,233 |  |  |  | 6,521 |  |
Total net sales |  | 15,171 |  |  |  | 14,318 |  |  |  | 43,934 |  |  |  | 39,351 |  |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | (11,339 | ) |  |  | (10,701 | ) |  |  | (32,638 | ) |  |  | (29,391 | ) |
Services |  | (2,211 | ) |  |  | (2,070 | ) |  |  | (6,452 | ) |  |  | (5,726 | ) |
Severance and restructuring charges |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (96 | ) |
Other unallocated, net |  | 442 |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 1,400 |  |  |  | 1,194 |  |
Total cost of sales |  | (13,108 | ) |  |  | (12,397 | ) |  |  | (37,690 | ) |  |  | (34,019 | ) |
Gross profit |  | 2,063 |  |  |  | 1,921 |  |  |  | 6,244 |  |  |  | 5,332 |  |
Other income, net |  | 42 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | 151 |  |
Operating profit |  | 2,105 |  |  |  | 1,963 |  |  |  | 6,396 |  |  |  | 5,483 |  |
Interest expense |  | (162 | ) |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  | (496 | ) |  |  | (497 | ) |
Other non-operating expense, net |  | (162 | ) |  |  | (211 | ) |  |  | (491 | ) |  |  | (631 | ) |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 1,781 |  |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  | 5,409 |  |  |  | 4,355 |  |
Income tax expense |  | (173 | ) |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | (677 | ) |  |  | (562 | ) |
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,608 |  |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  |  | $ | 4,732 |  |  |  | $ | 3,793 |  |
Earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 5.70 |  |  |  | $ | 5.18 |  |  |  | $ | 16.77 |  |  |  | $ | 13.31 |  |
Diluted |  | $ | 5.66 |  |  |  | $ | 5.14 |  |  |  | $ | 16.66 |  |  |  | $ | 13.21 |  |
Cash dividends paid per common share |  | $ | 2.20 |  |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  |  | $ | 6.60 |  |  |  | $ | 6.00 |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(unaudited; in millions)

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,608 |  |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  |  | $ | 4,732 |  |  |  | $ | 3,793 |  |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recognition of previously deferred postretirement benefit plan amounts |  | 227 |  |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 681 |  |  |  | 900 |  |
Other, net |  | (41 | ) |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (30 | ) |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | 186 |  |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 870 |  |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,794 |  |  |  | $ | 1,791 |  |  |  | $ | 5,400 |  |  |  | $ | 4,663 |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions, except par value)

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,539 |  |  |  | $ | 772 |  |
Receivables, net |  | 2,384 |  |  |  | 2,444 |  |
Contract assets |  | 11,004 |  |  |  | 9,472 |  |
Inventories |  | 3,474 |  |  |  | 2,997 |  |
Other current assets |  | 402 |  |  |  | 418 |  |
Total current assets |  | 19,803 |  |  |  | 16,103 |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 6,240 |  |  |  | 6,124 |  |
Goodwill |  | 10,762 |  |  |  | 10,769 |  |
Intangible assets, net |  | 3,278 |  |  |  | 3,494 |  |
Deferred income taxes |  | 2,912 |  |  |  | 3,208 |  |
Other noncurrent assets |  | 6,280 |  |  |  | 5,178 |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 49,275 |  |  |  | $ | 44,876 |  |
Liabilities and equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 2,904 |  |  |  | $ | 2,402 |  |
Contract liabilities |  | 6,777 |  |  |  | 6,491 |  |
Salaries, benefits and payroll taxes |  | 2,308 |  |  |  | 2,122 |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt and commercial paper |  | 900 |  |  |  | 1,500 |  |
Other current liabilities |  | 2,626 |  |  |  | 1,883 |  |
Total current liabilities |  | 15,515 |  |  |  | 14,398 |  |
Long-term debt, net |  | 12,652 |  |  |  | 12,604 |  |
Accrued pension liabilities |  | 11,436 |  |  |  | 11,410 |  |
Other postretirement benefit liabilities |  | 677 |  |  |  | 704 |  |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 5,058 |  |  |  | 4,311 |  |
Total liabilities |  | 45,338 |  |  |  | 43,427 |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $1 par value per share |  | 281 |  |  |  | 281 |  |
Additional paid-in capital |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |
Retained earnings |  | 17,265 |  |  |  | 15,434 |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (13,653 | ) |  |  | (14,321 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 3,893 |  |  |  | 1,394 |  |
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiary |  | 44 |  |  |  | 55 |  |
Total equity |  | 3,937 |  |  |  | 1,449 |  |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 49,275 |  |  |  | $ | 44,876 |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited; in millions)

|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 4,732 |  |  |  | $ | 3,793 |  |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 867 |  |  |  | 857 |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | 158 |  |  |  | 148 |  |
Gain on property sale |  | (51 | ) |  |  | — |  |
Severance and restructuring charges |  | — |  |  |  | 96 |  |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables, net |  | 60 |  |  |  | (151 | ) |
Contract assets |  | (1,532 | ) |  |  | (1,777 | ) |
Inventories |  | (477 | ) |  |  | (172 | ) |
Accounts payable |  | 524 |  |  |  | 1,237 |  |
Contract liabilities |  | 286 |  |  |  | (539 | ) |
Postretirement benefit plans |  | 828 |  |  |  | (3,935 | ) |
Income taxes |  | (117 | ) |  |  | 729 |  |
Other, net |  | 543 |  |  |  | 635 |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 5,821 |  |  |  | 921 |  |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (841 | ) |  |  | (819 | ) |
Other, net |  | 38 |  |  |  | 146 |  |
Net cash used for investing activities |  | (803 | ) |  |  | (673 | ) |
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid |  | (1,881 | ) |  |  | (1,725 | ) |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (710 | ) |  |  | (826 | ) |
(Repayments of) proceeds from commercial paper, net |  | (600 | ) |  |  | 490 |  |
Other, net |  | (60 | ) |  |  | (151 | ) |
Net cash used for financing activities |  | (3,251 | ) |  |  | (2,212 | ) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,767 |  |  |  | (1,964 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 772 |  |  |  | 2,861 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 2,539 |  |  |  | $ | 897 |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(unaudited; in millions)

| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Total Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiary | Total Equity
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 281 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,408 |  | $ | (13,839 | ) |  | $ | 2,850 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 2,896 |
Net earnings | — |  | — |  |  | 1,608 |  | — |  |  | 1,608 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,608 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 186 |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |
Repurchases of common stock | — |  | (146 | ) |  | (72 | ) | — |  |  | (218 | ) |  | — |  |  | (218 | )
Dividends declared | — |  | — |  |  | (679 | ) | — |  |  | (679 | ) |  | — |  |  | (679 | )
Stock-based awards, ESOP activity and other | — |  | 146 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |
Net decrease in noncontrolling interests in subsidiary | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | )
Balance at September 29, 2019 | $ | 281 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,265 |  | $ | (13,653 | ) |  | $ | 3,893 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 3,937 |
Balance at June 24, 2018 | $ | 283 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,528 |  | $ | (14,395 | ) |  | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 479 |
Net earnings | — |  | — |  |  | 1,473 |  | — |  |  | 1,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,473 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 318 |  |  | 318 |  |  | — |  |  | 318 |
Repurchases of common stock | (1 | ) | (139 | ) |  | (63 | ) | — |  |  | (203 | ) |  | — |  |  | (203 | )
Dividends declared | — |  | — |  |  | (1,201 | ) | — |  |  | (1,201 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,201 | )
Stock-based awards, ESOP activity and other | 1 |  | 139 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 140 |  |  | — |  |  | 140 |
Net decrease in noncontrolling interests in subsidiary | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (4 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 283 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,737 |  | $ | (14,077 | ) |  | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 1,002 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(unaudited; in millions)

| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Total Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiary | Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 281 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,434 |  | $ | (14,321 | ) |  | $ | 1,394 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 1,449 |
Net earnings | — |  | — |  |  | 4,732 |  | — |  |  | 4,732 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,732 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 668 |  |  | 668 |  |  | — |  |  | 668 |
Repurchases of common stock | (2 | ) | (366 | ) |  | (350 | ) | — |  |  | (718 | ) |  | — |  |  | (718 | )
Dividends declared | — |  | — |  |  | (2,551 | ) | — |  |  | (2,551 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,551 | )
Stock-based awards, ESOP activity and other | 2 |  | 366 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 368 |  |  | — |  |  | 368 |
Net decrease in noncontrolling interests in subsidiary | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (11 | )
Balance at September 29, 2019 | $ | 281 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,265 |  | $ | (13,653 | ) |  | $ | 3,893 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 3,937 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 284 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,405 |  | $ | (12,539 | ) |  | $ | (850 | ) |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (776 | )
Net earnings | — |  | — |  |  | 3,793 |  | — |  |  | 3,793 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,793 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 870 |  |  | 870 |  |  | — |  |  | 870 |
Repurchases of common stock | (3 | ) | (300 | ) |  | (523 | ) | — |  |  | (826 | ) |  | — |  |  | (826 | )
Dividends declared | — |  | — |  |  | (2,346 | ) | — |  |  | (2,346 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,346 | )
Stock-based awards, ESOP activity and other | 2 |  | 300 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 302 |  |  | — |  |  | 302 |
Reclassification of income tax effects from tax reform | — |  | — |  |  | 2,408 |  | (2,408 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net decrease in noncontrolling interests in subsidiary | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (15 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 283 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,737 |  | $ | (14,077 | ) |  | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 1,002 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
We prepared these consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.
In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, accounting for sales and cost recognition, postretirement benefit plans, environmental receivables and liabilities, evaluation of goodwill and other assets for impairment, income taxes including deferred tax assets, fair value measurements and contingencies. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of subsidiaries we control and variable interest entities if we are the primary beneficiary. We eliminate intercompany balances and transactions in consolidation.
We close our books and records on the last Sunday of the calendar quarter, which was on September 29 for the third quarter of 2019 and September 30 for the third quarter of 2018, to align our financial closing with our business processes. The consolidated financial statements and tables of financial information included herein are labeled based on that convention. This practice only affects interim periods as our fiscal year ends on December 31.
We adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), effective January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method whereby we applied the new lease requirements under ASU 2016-02 through a cumulative-effect adjustment, which after completing our implementation analysis, resulted in no adjustment to our January 1, 2019 beginning retained earnings balance. Consequently, periods prior to January 1, 2019 are not restated for the adoption of ASU 2016-02. See “Note 6 – Leases” and “Note 12 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements” for more information regarding our adoption of this standard. Other than the changes in our accounting policies related to adoption of ASU 2016-02, we followed the accounting policies disclosed in the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2018 Form 10-K) filed with the SEC.
The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or future periods. Unless otherwise noted, we present all per share amounts cited in these consolidated financial statements on a “per diluted share” basis. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2018 Form 10-K.
NOTE 2 – EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute earnings per common share were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic computations |  | 282.0 |  |  |  | 284.3 |  |  |  | 282.2 |  |  |  | 284.9 |  |
Weighted average dilutive effect of equity awards |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted computations |  | 283.9 |  |  |  | 286.7 |  |  |  | 284.0 |  |  |  | 287.2 |  |

We compute basic and diluted earnings per common share by dividing net earnings by the respective weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the periods presented. Our calculation of diluted earnings per
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
common share also includes the dilutive effects for the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs) and exercise of outstanding stock options based on the treasury stock method. There were no significant anti-dilutive equity awards during the quarters and nine months ended September 29, 2019 or September 30, 2018.
NOTE 3 – INFORMATION ON BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We operate in four business segments: Aeronautics, Missiles and Fire Control (MFC), Rotary and Mission Systems (RMS) and Space. We organize our business segments based on the nature of products and services offered.
Net sales and operating profit of our business segments exclude intersegment sales, cost of sales, and profit as these activities are eliminated in consolidation. Business segment operating profit includes our share of earnings or losses from equity method investees as the operating activities of the equity method investees are closely aligned with the operations of our business segments.
Business segment operating profit also excludes the FAS/CAS operating adjustment described below, a portion of corporate costs not considered allowable or allocable to contracts with the U.S. Government under the applicable U.S. government cost accounting standards (CAS) or federal acquisition regulations (FAR), and other items not considered part of management’s evaluation of segment operating performance such as a portion of management and administration costs, legal fees and settlements, environmental costs, stock-based compensation expense, retiree benefits, significant severance actions, significant asset impairments, gains or losses from significant divestitures, and other miscellaneous corporate activities.
Excluded items are included in the reconciling item “Unallocated items” between operating profit from our business segments and our consolidated operating profit. See “Note 11 – Other” for a discussion related to certain factors that may impact the comparability of net sales and operating profit of our business segments.
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Summary operating results for each of our business segments were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aeronautics |  | $ | 6,178 |  |  |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  |  | $ | 17,312 |  |  |  | $ | 15,361 |  |
Missiles and Fire Control |  | 2,601 |  |  |  | 2,273 |  |  |  | 7,362 |  |  |  | 6,035 |  |
Rotary and Mission Systems |  | 3,709 |  |  |  | 3,848 |  |  |  | 11,239 |  |  |  | 10,637 |  |
Space |  | 2,683 |  |  |  | 2,555 |  |  |  | 8,021 |  |  |  | 7,318 |  |
Total net sales |  | $ | 15,171 |  |  |  | $ | 14,318 |  |  |  | $ | 43,934 |  |  |  | $ | 39,351 |  |
Operating profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aeronautics |  | $ | 665 |  |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  |  | $ | 1,842 |  |  |  | $ | 1,646 |  |
Missiles and Fire Control |  | 349 |  |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 1,093 |  |  |  | 872 |  |
Rotary and Mission Systems |  | 342 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 1,068 |  |  |  | 1,013 |  |
Space |  | 309 |  |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 931 |  |  |  | 831 |  |
Total business segment operating profit |  | 1,665 |  |  |  | 1,586 |  |  |  | 4,934 |  |  |  | 4,362 |  |
Unallocated items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FAS/CAS operating adjustment (a) |  | 513 |  |  |  | 451 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (158 | ) |  |  | (148 | ) |
Severance and restructuring charges (b) |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (96 | ) |
Other, net |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 12 |  |
Total unallocated items |  | 440 |  |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 1,462 |  |  |  | 1,121 |  |
Total consolidated operating profit |  | $ | 2,105 |  |  |  | $ | 1,963 |  |  |  | $ | 6,396 |  |  |  | $ | 5,483 |  |
Intersegment sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aeronautics |  | $ | 58 |  |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  |  | $ | 87 |  |
Missiles and Fire Control |  | 107 |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 372 |  |  |  | 330 |  |
Rotary and Mission Systems |  | 530 |  |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 1,648 |  |  |  | 1,509 |  |
Space |  | 91 |  |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | 244 |  |  |  | 156 |  |
Total intersegment sales |  | $ | 786 |  |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  |  | $ | 2,411 |  |  |  | $ | 2,082 |  |

(a) | The FAS/CAS operating adjustment represents the difference between the service cost component of financial accounting standards (FAS) pension expense and total pension costs recoverable on U.S. Government contracts as determined in accordance with CAS.

(b) | Unallocated items for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 include charges totaling $96 million ($76 million, or $0.26 per share, after tax) related to certain severance and restructuring actions at our RMS business segment. See “Note 11 – Other” (under the caption “Severance and Restructuring Charges”) for more information.

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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Our total net FAS/CAS pension adjustment for the quarters and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, including the service and non-service cost components of FAS pension expense for our qualified defined benefit pension plans, were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Total FAS expense and CAS costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FAS pension expense |  | $ | (274 | ) |  |  | $ | (356 | ) |  |  | $ | (820 | ) |  |  | $ | (1,069 | ) |
Less: CAS pension cost |  | 642 |  |  |  | 608 |  |  |  | 1,924 |  |  |  | 1,825 |  |
Net FAS/CAS pension adjustment |  | $ | 368 |  |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  |  | $ | 1,104 |  |  |  | $ | 756 |  |
Service and non-service cost reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FAS pension service cost |  | $ | (129 | ) |  |  | $ | (157 | ) |  |  | $ | (387 | ) |  |  | $ | (472 | ) |
Less: CAS pension cost |  | 642 |  |  |  | 608 |  |  |  | 1,924 |  |  |  | 1,825 |  |
FAS/CAS operating adjustment |  | 513 |  |  |  | 451 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |
Non-operating FAS pension cost(a) |  | (145 | ) |  |  | (199 | ) |  |  | (433 | ) |  |  | (597 | ) |
Net FAS/CAS pension adjustment |  | $ | 368 |  |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  |  | $ | 1,104 |  |  |  | $ | 756 |  |

(a) | The non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost relate only to our qualified defined benefit pension plans. In addition to the non-service cost components in the table above, we incurred similar costs for our other postretirement benefit plans of $30 million and $87 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $16 million and $49 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

We recover CAS pension and other postretirement benefit plan cost through the pricing of our products and services on U.S. Government contracts and, therefore, recognize CAS cost in each of our business segment’s net sales and cost of sales. Our consolidated financial statements must present FAS pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense calculated in accordance with FAS requirements under U.S. GAAP. The operating portion of the net FAS/CAS pension adjustment represents the difference between the service cost component of FAS pension expense and total CAS pension cost. The non-service FAS pension cost component is included in other non-operating expense, net in our consolidated statements of earnings. The net FAS/CAS pension adjustment increases or decreases CAS pension cost to equal total FAS pension expense (both service and non-service).
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Net sales by products and services, contract type, customer, and geographic region were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarter Ended September 29, 2019
|  | Aeronautics |  | MFC |  | RMS |  | Space |  | Total
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 5,340 |  |  | $ | 2,172 |  |  | $ | 2,982 |  |  | $ | 2,234 |  |  | $ | 12,728 |
Services |  | 838 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 727 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 2,443 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 6,178 |  |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 15,171 |
Net sales by contract type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-price |  | $ | 4,567 |  |  | $ | 1,681 |  |  | $ | 2,536 |  |  | $ | 527 |  |  | $ | 9,311 |
Cost-reimbursable |  | 1,611 |  |  | 920 |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | 2,156 |  |  | 5,860 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 6,178 |  |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 15,171 |
Net sales by customer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government |  | $ | 3,509 |  |  | $ | 1,995 |  |  | $ | 2,763 |  |  | $ | 2,332 |  |  | $ | 10,599 |
International (a) |  | 2,631 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 4,350 |
U.S. commercial and other |  | 38 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 222 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 6,178 |  |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 15,171 |
Net sales by geographic region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 3,547 |  |  | $ | 2,029 |  |  | $ | 2,905 |  |  | $ | 2,340 |  |  | $ | 10,821 |
Asia Pacific |  | 1,046 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1,487 |
Europe |  | 1,106 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 326 |  |  | 1,738 |
Middle East |  | 455 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | 979 |
Other |  | 24 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 6,178 |  |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 15,171 |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 29, 2019
|  | Aeronautics |  | MFC |  | RMS |  | Space |  | Total
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 14,876 |  |  | $ | 6,051 |  |  | $ | 9,064 |  |  | $ | 6,710 |  |  | $ | 36,701 |
Services |  | 2,436 |  |  | 1,311 |  |  | 2,175 |  |  | 1,311 |  |  | 7,233 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 17,312 |  |  | $ | 7,362 |  |  | $ | 11,239 |  |  | $ | 8,021 |  |  | $ | 43,934 |
Net sales by contract type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-price |  | $ | 12,777 |  |  | $ | 4,660 |  |  | $ | 7,681 |  |  | $ | 1,585 |  |  | $ | 26,703 |
Cost-reimbursable |  | 4,535 |  |  | 2,702 |  |  | 3,558 |  |  | 6,436 |  |  | 17,231 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 17,312 |  |  | $ | 7,362 |  |  | $ | 11,239 |  |  | $ | 8,021 |  |  | $ | 43,934 |
Net sales by customer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government |  | $ | 10,420 |  |  | $ | 5,528 |  |  | $ | 8,113 |  |  | $ | 6,900 |  |  | $ | 30,961 |
International (a) |  | 6,736 |  |  | 1,717 |  |  | 2,773 |  |  | 1,098 |  |  | 12,324 |
U.S. commercial and other |  | 156 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 649 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 17,312 |  |  | $ | 7,362 |  |  | $ | 11,239 |  |  | $ | 8,021 |  |  | $ | 43,934 |
Net sales by geographic region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 10,576 |  |  | $ | 5,645 |  |  | $ | 8,466 |  |  | $ | 6,923 |  |  | $ | 31,610 |
Asia Pacific |  | 2,736 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 4,164 |
Europe |  | 2,751 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 509 |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 4,658 |
Middle East |  | 1,127 |  |  | 1,003 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2,883 |
Other |  | 122 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 461 |  |  | — |  |  | 619 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 17,312 |  |  | $ | 7,362 |  |  | $ | 11,239 |  |  | $ | 8,021 |  |  | $ | 43,934 |

(a) | International sales include foreign military sales (FMS) contracted through the U.S. Government and direct commercial sales to international governments and other international customers.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, 2018
|  | Aeronautics |  | MFC |  | RMS |  | Space |  | Total
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 4,799 |  |  | $ | 1,873 |  |  | $ | 3,132 |  |  | $ | 2,114 |  |  | $ | 11,918 |
Services |  | 843 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 716 |  |  | 441 |  |  | 2,400 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  | $ | 2,273 |  |  | $ | 3,848 |  |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | 14,318 |
Net sales by contract type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-price |  | $ | 4,163 |  |  | $ | 1,536 |  |  | $ | 2,710 |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | $ | 8,943 |
Cost-reimbursable |  | 1,479 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 1,138 |  |  | 2,021 |  |  | 5,375 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  | $ | 2,273 |  |  | $ | 3,848 |  |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | 14,318 |
Net sales by customer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government |  | $ | 3,700 |  |  | $ | 1,625 |  |  | $ | 2,765 |  |  | $ | 2,174 |  |  | $ | 10,264 |
International (a) |  | 1,909 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 959 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 3,830 |
U.S. commercial and other |  | 33 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 224 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  | $ | 2,273 |  |  | $ | 3,848 |  |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | 14,318 |
Net sales by geographic region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 3,733 |  |  | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | 2,889 |  |  | $ | 2,193 |  |  | $ | 10,488 |
Asia Pacific |  | 854 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,365 |
Europe |  | 691 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 1,340 |
Middle East |  | 326 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 905 |
Other |  | 38 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 167 |  |  | — |  |  | 220 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  | $ | 2,273 |  |  | $ | 3,848 |  |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | 14,318 |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
|  | Aeronautics |  | MFC |  | RMS |  | Space |  | Total
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 13,080 |  |  | $ | 4,935 |  |  | $ | 8,753 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |  |  | $ | 32,830 |
Services |  | 2,281 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 1,884 |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | 6,521 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 15,361 |  |  | $ | 6,035 |  |  | $ | 10,637 |  |  | $ | 7,318 |  |  | $ | 39,351 |
Net sales by contract type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-price |  | $ | 11,284 |  |  | $ | 4,043 |  |  | $ | 7,368 |  |  | $ | 1,394 |  |  | $ | 24,089 |
Cost-reimbursable |  | 4,077 |  |  | 1,992 |  |  | 3,269 |  |  | 5,924 |  |  | 15,262 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 15,361 |  |  | $ | 6,035 |  |  | $ | 10,637 |  |  | $ | 7,318 |  |  | $ | 39,351 |
Net sales by customer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government |  | $ | 9,909 |  |  | $ | 4,215 |  |  | $ | 7,729 |  |  | $ | 6,114 |  |  | $ | 27,967 |
International (a) |  | 5,321 |  |  | 1,696 |  |  | 2,562 |  |  | 1,162 |  |  | 10,741 |
U.S. commercial and other |  | 131 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 643 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 15,361 |  |  | $ | 6,035 |  |  | $ | 10,637 |  |  | $ | 7,318 |  |  | $ | 39,351 |
Net sales by geographic region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 10,040 |  |  | $ | 4,339 |  |  | $ | 8,075 |  |  | $ | 6,156 |  |  | $ | 28,610 |
Asia Pacific |  | 2,394 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 1,002 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 3,807 |
Europe |  | 1,877 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 592 |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 3,778 |
Middle East |  | 903 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | 516 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 2,528 |
Other |  | 147 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 452 |  |  | — |  |  | 628 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 15,361 |  |  | $ | 6,035 |  |  | $ | 10,637 |  |  | $ | 7,318 |  |  | $ | 39,351 |

(a) | International sales include foreign military sales (FMS) contracted through the U.S. Government and direct commercial sales to international governments and other international customers.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Our Aeronautics business segment includes our largest program, the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter, an international multi-role, multi-variant, stealth fighter aircraft. Net sales for the F-35 program represented approximately 28% and 27% of our total consolidated net sales for the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and 27% and 26% of our total consolidated net sales for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Total assets for each of our business segments were as follows (in millions):

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Aeronautics |  | $ | 10,441 |  |  |  | $ | 8,435 |  |
Missiles and Fire Control |  | 5,276 |  |  |  | 5,017 |  |
Rotary and Mission Systems |  | 18,843 |  |  |  | 18,333 |  |
Space |  | 5,821 |  |  |  | 5,445 |  |
Total business segment assets |  | 40,381 |  |  |  | 37,230 |  |
Corporate assets (a) |  | 8,894 |  |  |  | 7,646 |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 49,275 |  |  |  | $ | 44,876 |  |

(a) | Corporate assets primarily include cash and cash equivalents, deferred income taxes, environmental receivables, and investments held in a separate trust to fund certain of our non-qualified deferred compensation plans.

NOTE 4 – CONTRACT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract assets and contract liabilities were as follows (in millions):

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Contract assets |  | $ | 11,004 |  |  |  | $ | 9,472 |  |
Contract liabilities |  | 6,777 |  |  |  | 6,491 |  |

Contract assets increased $1.5 billion during the nine months ended September 29, 2019, primarily due to the recognition of revenue related to the satisfaction or partial satisfaction of performance obligations during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 for which we have not yet billed our customers. There were no significant impairment losses related to our contract assets during the quarters and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018.
Contract liabilities increased $286 million during the nine months ended September 29, 2019, primarily due to payments received in advance of our satisfaction or partial satisfaction of these performance obligations. During the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, we recognized $688 million and $3.6 billion of our contract liabilities at December 31, 2018 as revenue. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $711 million and $3.4 billion of our contract liabilities at December 31, 2017 as revenue.
NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Materials, spares and supplies |  | $ | 460 |  |  |  | $ | 446 |  |
Work-in-process |  | 2,696 |  |  |  | 2,161 |  |
Finished goods |  | 318 |  |  |  | 390 |  |
Total inventories |  | $ | 3,474 |  |  |  | $ | 2,997 |  |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Costs incurred to fulfill a customer contract in advance of the contract being awarded are included in inventories as work-in-process if we determine that those costs relate directly to a customer contract or to an anticipated customer contract that we can specifically identify and contract award is probable, the costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations, and the costs are recoverable (referred to as pre-contract costs). Pre-contract costs that are initially capitalized in inventory are generally recognized as cost of sales consistent with the transfer of products and services to the customer upon the receipt of the anticipated contract. All other pre-contract costs, including start-up costs, are expensed as incurred. As of September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $585 million and $443 million of pre-contract costs were included in inventory.
NOTE 6 – LEASES
We evaluate whether our contractual arrangements contain leases at the inception of such arrangements. Specifically, we consider whether we can control the underlying asset and have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits or outputs from the asset. Substantially all of our leases are long-term operating leases with fixed payment terms. We do not have significant financing leases. Our right-of-use (ROU) operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and our operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments. ROU operating lease assets are recorded in other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheet. Operating lease liabilities are recorded in other current liabilities or other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet based on their contractual due dates.
Both the ROU operating lease asset and liability are recognized as of the lease commencement date at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate that can readily be determined. Therefore, we use a discount rate based on our incremental borrowing rate, which is determined using our credit rating and information available as of the commencement date. ROU operating lease assets include lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, net of any lease incentives.
Our operating lease agreements may include options to extend the lease term or terminate it early. We include options to extend or terminate leases in the ROU operating lease asset and liability when it is reasonably certain we will exercise these options. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in cost of sales on our consolidated statement of earnings.
We have operating lease arrangements with lease and non-lease components. The non-lease components in our arrangements are not significant when compared to the lease components. For all operating leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single component. Additionally, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to recognize operating lease ROU assets and liabilities. We evaluate ROU assets for impairment consistent with our property, plant and equipment policy disclosure included in our 2018 Form 10‑K.
Generally, we enter into operating lease agreements for facilities, land and equipment. Our ROU operating lease assets were $984 million at September 29, 2019. Operating lease liabilities were $1.1 billion, of which $818 million were classified as noncurrent, at September 29, 2019. New ROU operating lease assets and liabilities entered into during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 were $124 million. The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases were approximately 8.6 years and 3.3% at September 29, 2019.
During the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, we recognized operating lease expense of $59 million and $179 million. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized operating lease expense of $63 million and $183 million. In addition, we made cash payments of $169 million for operating leases during the nine months ended September 29, 2019, which are included in cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows.
Future minimum lease commitments at September 29, 2019 were as follows (in millions):

| Total | Remainder of 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Thereafter
Operating leases | $ | 1,248 |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 475 |  |
Less: imputed interest | $ | 167 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 1,081 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
NOTE 7 – POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Our pretax net periodic benefit cost related to our qualified defined benefit pension plans and retiree medical and life insurance plans consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Qualified defined benefit pension plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 129 |  |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  |  | $ | 472 |  |
Interest cost |  | 452 |  |  |  | 435 |  |  |  | 1,355 |  |  |  | 1,305 |  |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (575 | ) |  |  | (599 | ) |  |  | (1,725 | ) |  |  | (1,796 | ) |
Recognized net actuarial losses |  | 351 |  |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | 1,332 |  |
Amortization of prior service credits |  | (83 | ) |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | (250 | ) |  |  | (244 | ) |
Total net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 274 |  |  |  | $ | 356 |  |  |  | $ | 820 |  |  |  | $ | 1,069 |  |
Retiree medical and life insurance plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 4 |  |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  |  | $ | 13 |  |
Interest cost |  | 25 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 69 |  |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | (83 | ) |  |  | (101 | ) |
Recognized net actuarial losses |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 4 |  |
Amortization of prior service costs |  | 10 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Total net periodic benefit cost (credit) |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |

We record the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost as part of cost of sales and the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost as part of other non-operating expense, net in the consolidated statements of earnings.
The recognized net actuarial losses and amortization of prior service credits or costs in the table above, along with similar costs related to our other postretirement benefit plans ($11 million and $31 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $13 million and $42 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018) were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) and recorded as a component of net periodic benefit cost for the periods presented. These costs totaled $290 million ($227 million, net of tax) and $867 million ($681 million, net of tax) during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $382 million ($300 million, net of tax) and $1.1 billion ($900 million, net of tax) during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and were recorded on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income as an increase to other comprehensive income.
The funding of our qualified defined benefit pension plans is determined in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), as amended by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA), along with consideration of CAS and Internal Revenue Code rules. During the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, there were no contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we contributed $1.5 billion and $5.0 billion to our qualified defined benefit pension plans.
NOTE 8 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND CONTINGENCIES
We are a party to or have property subject to litigation and other proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including matters arising under provisions relating to the protection of the environment and are subject to contingencies related to certain businesses we previously owned. These types of matters could result in fines, penalties, cost reimbursements or contributions, compensatory or treble damages, or non-monetary sanctions or relief. We believe the probability is remote that the outcome of each of these matters, including the legal proceedings described below, will have a material adverse effect on the corporation as a whole, notwithstanding that the unfavorable resolution of any matter may have a material effect on our net earnings in any particular interim reporting period. Among the factors that we consider in this assessment are the nature of existing legal proceedings and claims, the asserted or possible damages or loss contingency (if estimable), the progress of the case, existing law and precedent, the opinions or views of legal counsel and other advisers, our experience in similar cases and the experience of other companies, the facts available to
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
us at the time of assessment and how we intend to respond to the proceeding or claim. Our assessment of these factors may change over time as individual proceedings or claims progress.
Although we cannot predict the outcome of legal or other proceedings with certainty, where there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred, GAAP requires us to disclose an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss or make a statement that such an estimate cannot be made. We follow a thorough process in which we seek to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss, and only if we are unable to make such an estimate do we conclude and disclose that an estimate cannot be made. Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated below in our discussion of legal proceedings, a reasonably possible loss or range of loss associated with any individual legal proceeding cannot be estimated.
Legal Proceedings
As a result of our acquisition of Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation (Sikorsky), we assumed the defense of and any potential liability for two civil False Claims Act lawsuits pending in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. In October 2014, the U.S. Government filed a complaint in intervention in the first suit, which was brought by qui tam relator Mary Patzer, a former Derco Aerospace (Derco) employee. In May 2017, the U.S. Government filed a complaint in intervention in the second suit, which was brought by qui tam relator Peter Cimma, a former Sikorsky Support Services, Inc. (SSSI) employee. In November 2017, the Court consolidated the cases into a single action for discovery and trial.
The U.S. Government alleges that Sikorsky and two of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Derco and SSSI, violated the civil False Claims Act and the Truth in Negotiations Act in connection with a contract the U.S. Navy awarded to SSSI in June 2006 to support the Navy’s T-34 and T-44 fixed-wing turboprop training aircraft. SSSI subcontracted with Derco, primarily to procure and manage spare parts for the training aircraft. The U.S. Government contends that SSSI overbilled the Navy on the contract as the result of Derco’s use of prohibited cost-plus-percentage-of-cost pricing to add profit and overhead costs as a percentage of the price of the spare parts that Derco procured and then sold to SSSI. The U.S. Government also alleges that Derco’s claims to SSSI, SSSI’s claims to the Navy, and SSSI’s yearly Certificates of Final Indirect Costs from 2006 through 2012 were false and that SSSI submitted inaccurate cost or pricing data in violation of the Truth in Negotiations Act for a sole-sourced, follow-on “bridge” contract. The U.S. Government’s complaints assert common law claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment.
The U.S. Government further alleged violations of the Anti-Kickback Act and False Claims Act based on a monthly “chargeback,” through which SSSI billed Derco for the cost of certain SSSI personnel, allegedly in exchange for SSSI’s permitting a pricing arrangement that was “highly favorable” to Derco. On January 12, 2018, the Corporation filed a partial motion to dismiss intended to narrow the U.S. Government’s claims, including by seeking dismissal of the Anti-Kickback Act allegations. The Corporation also moved to dismiss Cimma as a party under the False Claims Act’s first-to-file rule, which permits only the first relator to recover in a pending case. The District Court granted these motions, in part, on July 20, 2018, dismissing the Government’s claims under the Anti-Kickback Act and dismissing Cimma as a party to the litigation.
The U.S. Government seeks damages of approximately $52 million, subject to trebling, plus statutory penalties. We believe that we have legal and factual defenses to the U.S. Government’s remaining claims. Although we continue to evaluate our liability and exposure, we do not currently believe that it is probable that we will incur a material loss. If, contrary to our expectations, the U.S. Government prevails in this matter and proves damages at or near $52 million and is successful in having such damages trebled, the outcome could have an adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which a liability is recognized and on our cash flows for the period in which any damages are paid.
On February 8, 2019, the Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington alleging, among other counts, civil False Claims Act and civil Anti-Kickback Act violations against Mission Support Alliance, LLC (MSA), Lockheed Martin, Lockheed Martin Services, Inc. (LMSI) and a current Lockheed Martin vice president. The dollar amount of damages sought is not specified but DOJ seeks treble damages with respect to the False Claims Act and penalties that are subject to doubling under the Anti-Kickback Act. The allegations relate primarily to information technology services performed by LMSI under a subcontract to MSA and the pricing by MSA and LMSI of those services as well as Lockheed Martin’s payment of standard incentive compensation to certain employees who were seconded to MSA, including the vice president. MSA is a joint venture that holds a prime contract to provide
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Lockheed Martin Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
infrastructure support services at DOE’s Hanford facility. On April 23, 2019, the parties each filed partial motions to dismiss the U.S. Government’s False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Act allegations.
On August 16, 2016, we divested our former Information Systems & Global Solutions (IS&GS) business segment to Leidos Holdings, Inc. (Leidos) in a transaction that resulted in IS&GS, now known as Leidos Innovations Corporation (Leidos Innovations), becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of Leidos (the Transaction). In the Transaction, Leidos acquired IS&GS’ interest in MSA and the liabilities related to Lockheed Martin’s participation in MSA. Included within the liabilities assumed were those associated with this lawsuit. Lockheed Martin transferred to Leidos a reserve of approximately $38 million established by Lockheed Martin with respect to its potential liability and that of its affiliates and agreed to indemnify Leidos Innovations with respect to the liabilities assumed for damages to Leidos Innovations and an enumerated list of subsidiaries of Leidos Innovations for 100% of amounts in excess of this reserve up to $64 million and 50% of amounts in excess of $64 million.
We cannot reasonably estimate our exposure at this time, but it is possible that a settlement by or judgment against any of the defendants could implicate Lockheed Martin’s indemnification obligations as described above. At present, in view of what we believe to be the strength of the defenses, our belief that Leidos assumed the liabilities, and our view of the structure of the indemnity, we do not believe it probable that we will incur a material loss and have not taken any reserve.
On April 24, 2009, we filed a declaratory judgment action against the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority and its Capital Construction Company (collectively, the MTA) asking the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York to find that the MTA is in material breach of our agreement based on the MTA’s failure to provide access to sites where work must be performed and the customer-furnished equipment necessary to complete the contract. The MTA filed an answer and counterclaim alleging that we breached the contract and subsequently terminated the contract for alleged default. The primary damages sought by the MTA are the costs to complete the contract and potential re-procurement costs. While we are unable to estimate the cost of another contractor to complete the contract and the costs of re-procurement, we note that our contract with the MTA had a total value of $323 million, of which $241 million was paid to us, and that the MTA is seeking damages of approximately $190 million. We dispute the MTA’s allegations and are defending against them. Additionally, following an investigation, our sureties on a performance bond related to this matter, who were represented by independent counsel, concluded that the MTA’s termination of the contract was improper. Finally, our declaratory judgment action was later amended to include claims for monetary damages against the MTA of approximately $95 million. This matter was taken under submission by the District Court in December 2014, after a five-week bench trial and the filing of post-trial pleadings by the parties. We continue to await a decision from the District Court. Although this matter relates to our former IS&GS business, we retained the litigation when we divested IS&GS in 2016.
Environmental Matters
We are involved in proceedings and potential proceedings relating to soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater contamination, disposal of hazardous substances, and other environmental matters at several of our current or former facilities, facilities for which we may have contractual responsibility, and at third-party sites where we have been designated as a potentially responsible party (PRP). A substantial portion of environmental costs will be included in our net sales and cost of sales in future periods pursuant to U.S. Government regulations. At the time a liability is recorded for future environmental costs, we record a receivable for estimated future recovery considered probable through the pricing of products and services to agencies of the U.S. Government, regardless of the contract form (e.g., cost-reimbursable, fixed-price). We continually evaluate the recoverability of our environmental receivables by assessing, among other factors, U.S. Government regulations, our U.S. Government business base and contract mix, our history of receiving reimbursement of such costs, and efforts by some U.S. Government representatives to limit such reimbursement. We include the portions of those environmental costs expected to be allocated to our non-U.S. Government contracts, or determined not to be recoverable under U.S. Government contracts, in our cost of sales at the time the liability is established.
At September 29, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of liabilities recorded relative to environmental matters was $828 million and $864 million, most of which are recorded in other noncurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We have recorded receivables totaling $719 million and $750 million at September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018, most of which are recorded in other noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance sheets for
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
the estimated future recovery of these costs, as we consider the recovery probable based on the factors previously mentioned. We project costs and recovery of costs over approximately 20 years.
Environmental remediation activities usually span many years, which makes estimating liabilities a matter of judgment because of uncertainties with respect to assessing the extent of the contamination as well as such factors as changing remediation technologies and changing regulatory environmental standards. There are a number of former and present operating facilities that we are monitoring or investigating for potential future remediation. We perform quarterly reviews of the status of our environmental remediation sites and the related liabilities and receivables. Additionally, in our quarterly reviews, we consider these and other factors in estimating the timing and amount of any future costs that may be required for remediation activities, and record a liability when it is probable that a loss has occurred or will occur and the loss can be reasonably estimated. The amount of liability recorded is based on our estimate of the costs to be incurred for remediation at a particular site. We do not discount the recorded liabilities, as the amount and timing of future cash payments are not fixed or cannot be reliably determined. We reasonably cannot determine the extent of our financial exposure in all cases as, although a loss may be probable or reasonably possible, in some cases it is not possible at this time to estimate the loss or reasonably possible loss or range of loss.
We also pursue claims for recovery of costs incurred or for contribution to site remediation costs against other PRPs, including the U.S. Government, and are conducting remediation activities under various consent decrees, orders, and agreements relating to soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water contamination at certain sites of former or current operations. Under agreements related to certain sites in California, Washington and New York, the U.S. Government reimburses us an amount equal to a percentage, specific to each site, of expenditures for certain remediation activities in the U.S. Government’s capacity as a PRP under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
In addition to the proceedings and potential proceedings discussed above, California previously established a maximum level of the contaminant hexavalent chromium in drinking water of 10 parts per billion (ppb). This standard was successfully challenged by the California Manufacturers and Technology Association (CMTA) for failure to conduct the required economic feasibility analysis. In response to the court’s ruling, the State Water Resources Control Board (State Board), a branch of the California Environmental Protection Agency, withdrew the hexavalent chromium standard from the published regulations, leaving only the 50 ppb standard for total chromium. The State Board has indicated it will work to re-establish a hexavalent chromium standard. Further, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is considering whether to regulate hexavalent chromium.
California is also reevaluating its existing drinking water standard of 6 ppb for perchlorate, and the U.S. EPA is taking steps to regulate perchlorate in drinking water. If substantially lower standards are adopted, in either California or at the federal level for perchlorate or for hexavalent chromium, we expect a material increase in our estimates for environmental liabilities and the related assets for the portion of the increased costs that are probable of future recovery in the pricing of our products and services for the U.S. Government. The amount that would be allocable to our non-U.S. Government contracts or determined not to be recoverable under U.S. Government contracts would be expensed, which may have a material effect on our earnings in any particular interim reporting period.
Letters of Credit, Surety Bonds and Third-Party Guarantees
We have entered into standby letters of credit and surety bonds issued on our behalf by financial institutions, and we have directly issued guarantees to third parties primarily relating to advances received from customers and the guarantee of future performance on certain contracts. Letters of credit and surety bonds generally are available for draw down in the event we do not perform. In some cases, we may guarantee the contractual performance of third parties such as venture partners. We had total outstanding letters of credit, surety bonds, and third-party guarantees aggregating $3.6 billion at both September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Third-party guarantees do not include guarantees to subsidiaries and other consolidated entities.
At September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018, third-party guarantees totaled approximately $1.1 billion and $850 million, of which approximately 71% and 65% related to guarantees of contractual performance of ventures to which we currently are or previously were a party. This amount represents our estimate of the maximum amount we would expect to incur upon the contractual non-performance of the venture, venture partners or divested businesses. Generally, we also have cross-indemnities in place that may enable us to recover amounts that may be paid on behalf of a venture partner.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
In determining our exposures, we evaluate the reputation, performance on contractual obligations, technical capabilities, and credit quality of our current and former venture partners and the transferee under novation agreements, all of which include a guarantee as required by the FAR. There were no material amounts recorded in our financial statements related to third-party guarantees or novation agreements.
NOTE 9 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
|  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government securities |  | 88 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |  |  | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | 105 |
Other securities |  | 285 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 116 |
Derivatives |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |
Assets measured at NAV (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other commingled funds |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |

(a) | Net Asset Value (NAV) is the total value of the fund divided by the number of the fund’s shares outstanding.

Substantially all assets measured at fair value, other than derivatives, represent investments held in a separate trust to fund certain of our non-qualified deferred compensation plans and are recorded in other noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of mutual funds and certain other securities are determined by reference to the quoted market price per unit in active markets multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs. The fair values of U.S. Government and other securities are determined using pricing models that use observable inputs (e.g., interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals), bids provided by brokers or dealers or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics. The fair values of derivative instruments, which consist of foreign currency forward contracts, including embedded derivatives, and interest rate swap contracts, are primarily determined based on the present value of future cash flows using model-derived valuations that use observable inputs such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign currency exchange rates.
The derivatives outstanding at both September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and foreign currency related contract embedded derivatives. We use derivative instruments principally to reduce our exposure to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We do not enter into or hold derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. We transact business globally and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into foreign currency hedges such as forward and option contracts that change in value as foreign currency exchange rates change. These contracts hedge forecasted foreign currency transactions in order to mitigate fluctuations in our earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We designate foreign currency hedges as cash flow hedges. We also are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes primarily through our borrowing activities. For fixed rate borrowings, we may use variable interest rate swaps, effectively converting fixed rate borrowings to variable rate borrowings, in order to reduce the amount of interest paid. These swaps are designated as fair value hedges. For variable rate borrowings, we may use fixed interest rate swaps, effectively converting variable rate borrowings to fixed rate borrowings, in order to mitigate the impact of interest rate changes on earnings. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges. We also may enter into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting, which are intended to mitigate certain economic exposures.
The aggregate notional amount of our outstanding interest rate swaps at September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion. The aggregate notional amount of our outstanding foreign currency hedges at September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $4.1 billion and $3.5 billion. The fair values of our outstanding interest rate swaps and foreign currency hedges at September 29, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were not significant. Derivative instruments did not have a material impact on net earnings and comprehensive income during the quarters and nine
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Substantially all of our derivatives are designated for hedge accounting.
In addition to the financial instruments listed in the table above, we hold other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and debt and commercial paper. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable approximated their fair values. The estimated fair value of our outstanding debt was $17.0 billion and the outstanding principal amount was $14.7 billion at September 29, 2019, excluding unamortized discounts and issuance costs of $1.2 billion. The estimated fair value of our outstanding debt and commercial paper was $15.4 billion and the outstanding principal amount was $15.3 billion at December 31, 2018, excluding unamortized discounts and issuance costs of $1.2 billion. The estimated fair values of our outstanding debt and commercial paper were determined based on observable inputs (Level 2).
NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Repurchases of Common Stock
During the nine months ended September 29, 2019, we repurchased 2.2 million shares of our common stock for $718 million, some of which was settled subsequent to the end of the third quarter. The total remaining authorization for future common share repurchases under our share repurchase program was $3.3 billion as of September 29, 2019 including a $1.0 billion increase to the program authorized by our Board of Directors on September 26, 2019. As we repurchase our common shares, we reduce common stock for the $1 of par value of the shares repurchased, with the excess purchase price over par value recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. If additional paid-in capital is reduced to zero, we record the remainder of the excess purchase price over par value as a reduction of retained earnings. Due to the volume of repurchases and the prices at which these were made, additional paid-in capital was reduced to zero, with the remainder of the excess purchase price over par value of $350 million and $523 million recorded as a reduction to retained earnings during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018.
Dividends
We declared cash dividends totaling $679 million ($2.40 per share) and $2.6 billion ($9.00 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019. During the quarter ended September 29, 2019, we declared our fourth quarter dividend of $2.40 per share, an increase of $0.20 over the third quarter 2019 dividend, which was declared during the second quarter of 2019. Our fourth quarter dividend will be paid in December 2019. We declared cash dividends totaling $1.2 billion ($4.20 per share) and $2.3 billion ($8.20 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Dividends declared during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 include the declaration of our third and fourth quarter dividends of $569 million ($2.00 per share) and $632 million ($2.20 per share).
Restricted Stock Unit Grants
During the nine months ended September 29, 2019, we granted certain employees approximately 0.6 million RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value of $305.04 per RSU. The grant date fair value of these RSUs is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date less a discount to reflect the delay in payment of dividend-equivalent cash payments that are made only upon vesting, which is generally three years from the grant date. We recognize the grant date fair value of RSUs, less estimated forfeitures, as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period, which is shorter than the vesting period if the employee is retirement eligible on the date of grant or will become retirement eligible before the end of the vesting period.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in the balance of AOCL, net of tax, consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | Postretirement Benefit Plans |  | Other, net |  | AOCL
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (14,254 | ) |  | $ | (67 | ) |  | $ | (14,321 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  | — |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (30 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCL |  |  |  |  |  |
Recognition of net actuarial losses (a) |  | 861 |  |  | — |  |  | 861 |
Amortization of net prior service credits (a) |  | (180 | ) |  | — |  |  | (180 | )
Other |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Total reclassified from AOCL |  | 681 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 698 |
Total other comprehensive income |  | 681 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 668 |
Balance at September 29, 2019 |  | $ | (13,573 | ) |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | (13,653 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | (12,559 | ) |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (12,539 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications |  | — |  |  | (53 | ) |  | (53 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCL |  |  |  |  |  |
Recognition of net actuarial losses (a) |  | 1,092 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,092 |
Amortization of net prior service credits (a) |  | (192 | ) |  | — |  |  | (192 | )
Other |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 23 |
Total reclassified from AOCL |  | 900 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 923 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 900 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 870 |
Reclassification of income tax effects from tax reform(b) |  | (2,396 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (2,408 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | (14,055 | ) |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | $ | (14,077 | )

(a) | Reclassifications from AOCL related to our postretirement benefit plans were recorded as a component of net periodic benefit cost for each period presented (see “Note 7 – Postretirement Benefit Plans”). These amounts include $227 million and $300 million, net of tax, for the quarters ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, which are comprised of the recognition of net actuarial losses of $287 million and $364 million for the quarters ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 and the amortization of net prior service credits of $(60) million and $(64) million for the quarters ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018.

(b) | Upon adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) during the first quarter of 2018, we reclassified the impact of the income tax effects related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) from AOCL to retained earnings by the same amount with zero impact to total equity.

NOTE 11 – OTHER
Changes in Estimates
Significant estimates and assumptions are made in estimating contract sales and costs, including the profit booking rate. At the outset of a long-term contract, we identify and monitor risks to the achievement of the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract, as well as variable consideration, and assess the effects of those risks on our estimates of sales and total costs to complete the contract. The estimates consider the technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product), the schedule and associated tasks (e.g., the number and type of milestone events) and costs (e.g., material, labor, subcontractor, overhead, general and administrative and the estimated costs to fulfill our industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset or localization agreements, required under certain contracts with international customers). The initial profit booking rate of each contract considers risks surrounding the ability to achieve the technical requirements, schedule and costs in the initial estimated total costs to complete the contract. Profit booking rates may increase during the performance of the contract if we successfully retire risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract, which decreases the estimated total costs to complete the contract or may increase the variable consideration we expect to receive on the contract. Conversely, our profit booking rates may decrease if the estimated total costs to complete the contract increase or our estimates of variable consideration we expect to receive decrease. All of the estimates are subject to change during the performance of the contract and may affect the profit booking rate. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
total estimates of the transaction price, a provision for the entire loss is determined at the contract level and is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined.
Comparability of our segment sales, operating profit and operating margin may be impacted favorably or unfavorably by changes in profit booking rates on our contracts for which we recognize revenue over time using the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method to measure progress towards completion. Increases in the profit booking rates, typically referred to as risk retirements, usually relate to revisions in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations that reflect improved conditions on a particular contract. Conversely, conditions on a particular contract may deteriorate, resulting in an increase in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations and a reduction in the profit booking rate. Increases or decreases in profit booking rates are recognized in the current period and reflect the inception-to-date effect of such changes. Segment operating profit and margin may also be impacted favorably or unfavorably by other items, which may or may not impact sales. Favorable items may include the positive resolution of contractual matters, cost recoveries on severance and restructuring charges, insurance recoveries and gains on sales of assets. Unfavorable items may include the adverse resolution of contractual matters; restructuring charges, except for significant severance actions, which are excluded from segment operating results; reserves for disputes; certain asset impairments; and losses on sales of certain assets.
Our consolidated net adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, increased segment operating profit by approximately $480 million and $1.5 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $545 million and $1.4 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. These adjustments increased net earnings by approximately $379 million ($1.33 per share) and $1.2 billion ($4.07 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $431 million ($1.50 per share) and $1.1 billion ($3.93 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. We recognized net sales from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods of approximately $495 million and $1.7 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $595 million and $1.6 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, which primarily relate to changes in profit booking rates that impacted revenue.
As previously disclosed, we are responsible for a program to design, develop and construct a ground-based radar at our RMS business segment. The program has experienced performance issues for which we have periodically accrued reserves. As of September 29, 2019, cumulative losses remained at approximately $195 million on this program. We may continue to experience issues related to customer requirements and our performance under this contract and have to record additional charges. However, based on the losses previously recorded and our current estimate of the sales and costs to complete the program, at this time we do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
As previously disclosed, we have two commercial satellite programs, for the delivery of three satellites in total, at our Space business segment for which we have experienced performance issues related to the development and integration of a modernized LM 2100 satellite platform. During 2019, we launched two satellites from one of the programs, and these satellites have now been handed over to the customer. Accordingly, the risk related to these satellites has decreased significantly and is primarily related to post-launch warranty and support. Based on reserves already accrued, at this time we do not anticipate that additional charges, if any, related to this program would be material. The third satellite, which relates to the second program, remains developmental. As of September 29, 2019, cumulative losses for these two programs remained at approximately $410 million. While these losses reflect our estimated total losses, we will continue to incur unrecoverable general and administrative costs each period until we complete the contract for the third satellite. We also may experience further challenges in the delivery and integration of new satellite technology, anomalies discovered during system testing requiring repair or rework, further schedule delays, and penalties that could require us to record additional loss reserves, which may be material to our operating results. We are late to the contract delivery schedule for the third satellite. If we are not able to deliver the third satellite by the contract termination date, the customer could seek to exercise a termination right under the contract, in which case we would have to refund the payments we have received and pay certain penalties. However, we believe that it is not probable that the customer will seek to exercise any termination rights.
As previously disclosed, we are responsible for designing, developing and installing an upgraded turret for the Warrior Capability Sustainment Program at our MFC business segment. As of September 29, 2019, cumulative losses remained at approximately $140 million. We may continue to experience issues related to customer requirements and our performance under this contract and have to record additional reserves. However, based on the losses already recorded
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
and our current estimate of the sales and costs to complete the program, at this time we do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
Backlog
Backlog (i.e., unfulfilled or remaining performance obligations) represents the sales we expect to recognize for our products and services for which control has not yet transferred to the customer. For our cost-reimbursable and fixed-priced-incentive contracts, the estimated consideration we expect to receive pursuant to the terms of the contract may exceed the contractual award amount. The estimated consideration is determined at the outset of the contract and is continuously reviewed throughout the contract period. In determining the estimated consideration, we consider the risks related to the technical, schedule and cost impacts to complete the contract and an estimate of any variable consideration. Periodically, we review these risks and may increase or decrease backlog accordingly. As the risks on such contracts are successfully retired, the estimated consideration from customers may be reduced, resulting in a reduction of backlog without a corresponding recognition of sales. As of September 29, 2019, our ending backlog was $137.4 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 38% of our backlog over the next 12 months and approximately 63% over the next 24 months as revenue, with the remainder recognized thereafter.
Severance and Restructuring Charges
During the second quarter of 2018, we recorded charges totaling $96 million ($76 million, or $0.26 per share, after tax) related to certain severance and restructuring actions at our RMS business segment. As of September 29, 2019, we have paid approximately $65 million in severance payments associated with these actions. In addition, we have recovered a significant portion of these payments through the pricing of our products and services to the U.S. Government and other customers, which are included in RMS’ operating results.
Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rates were 9.7% and 12.5% for the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, and 6.5% and 12.9% for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The rate for the quarter ended September 29, 2019 benefited from $62 million, or $0.22 per share, of additional tax deductions for the prior year, primarily attributable to foreign derived intangible income treatment based on proposed tax regulations released on March 4, 2019, and our change in tax accounting method reflecting a 2012 Court of Federal Claims decision, which held that the tax basis in certain assets should be increased and realized upon the assets’ disposition. The rate for the nine months ended September 29, 2019 benefited from $127 million, or $0.45 per share, of additional tax deductions for the prior year, of which approximately $65 million, or $0.23 per share, was recorded during the first quarter of 2019 based on proposed tax regulations released on March 4, 2019 which clarified foreign military sales qualify for foreign derived intangible income treatment. The rates for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 benefited from $148 million, or $0.52 per share, and $152 million, or $0.53 per share, of additional tax deductions for the prior year, primarily attributable to true-ups to the net one-time charges related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 and our change in tax accounting method reflecting the 2012 Court of Federal Claims decision. The rates for all periods benefited from tax deductions for dividends paid to our defined contribution plans with an employee stock ownership plan feature, tax deductions for foreign derived intangible income, tax deductions for employee equity awards, and the research and development tax credit.
Sale of Customer Receivables
On occasion, our customers may seek deferred payment terms to purchase our products. In connection with these transactions, we may, at our customer’s request, enter into arrangements for the non-recourse sale of customer receivables to unrelated third–party financial institutions. For accounting purposes, these transactions are not discounted and are treated as a sale of receivables as we have no continuing involvement. The sale proceeds from the financial institutions are reflected in our operating cash flows on the statement of cash flows. We sold customer receivables of $80 million and $280 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $41 million and $268 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were no gains or losses related to sales of these receivables.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Revolving Credit Facility Extension
In August 2019, our $2.5 billion revolving credit facility (the 5-year Facility) was amended to extend its expiration date by one year from August 24, 2023 to August 24, 2024.
NOTE 12 – RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, which requires lessees to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for most lease arrangements and expands disclosures about leasing arrangements, among other items. We adopted ASU 2016-02 using the optional transition method whereby we applied the new lease requirements under ASU 2016-02 through a cumulative-effect adjustment, which after completing our implementation analysis, resulted in no adjustment to our January 1, 2019 beginning retained earnings balance. On January 1, 2019, we recognized approximately $1.0 billion of ROU operating lease assets and approximately $1.1 billion of operating lease liabilities, including noncurrent operating lease liabilities of approximately $830 million, as a result of adopting this standard. The difference between ROU operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities was primarily due to previously accrued rent expense relating to periods prior to January 1, 2019. As part of our adoption, we elected the package of practical expedients, which among other things, permits the carry forward of historical lease classifications. We did not elect to use the practical expedient permitting the use of hindsight in determining the lease term and in assessing impairment of our ROU assets. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our operating results or cash flows. Financial information for periods prior to January 1, 2019, has not been restated for the adoption of ASU 2016-02.
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness among other items. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our operating results, financial position or cash flows.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements For Defined Benefit Plans. The new standard modifies the annual disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing and adding certain disclosures for these plans. The guidance is effective for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 and requires disclosure changes to be presented on a retrospective basis. As this standard relates only to financial disclosures, we do not expect an impact to our operating results, financial position or cash flows as a result of adopting this new standard.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires companies to record an allowance for expected credit losses over the contractual term of financial assets, including short-term trade receivables and contract assets, and expands disclosure requirements for credit quality of financial assets. We will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2020. We do not expect a significant impact to our operating results, financial position or cash flows as a result of adopting this new standard.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Lockheed Martin Corporation (the Corporation) as of September 29, 2019, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income and equity for the quarters and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 and consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation as of December 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, cash flows and equity for the year then ended, and the related notes (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 8, 2019, we expressed an unqualified audit opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial statements consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Tysons, Virginia
October 24, 2019
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
We are a global security and aerospace company principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. We also provide a broad range of management, engineering, technical, scientific, logistics, system integration and cybersecurity services. We serve both U.S. and international customers with products and services that have defense, civil and commercial applications, with our principal customers being agencies of the U.S. Government. During the nine months ended September 29, 2019, 70% of our $43.9 billion in net sales were from the U.S. Government, either as a prime contractor or as a subcontractor (including 60% from the Department of Defense (DoD)), 28% were from international customers (including foreign military sales (FMS) contracted through the U.S. Government) and 2% were from U.S. commercial and other customers. Our main areas of focus are in defense, space, intelligence, homeland security and information technology, including cybersecurity.
2019 Financial Outlook
We expect our 2019 net sales to increase to approximately $59.1 billion. The projected growth is driven by increased volume on the F-35 and classified programs at Aeronautics as well as increased volume across Missiles and Fire Control (MFC), Rotary and Mission Systems (RMS) and Space. Total business segment operating profit margin in 2019 is expected to be approximately 10.9% and cash from operations is expected to be greater than or equal to $7.6 billion. The outlook for 2019 assumes there is no impact from U.S. Government actions related to Turkey and the U.S. Government continues to support and fund our key programs. Changes in circumstances may require us to revise our assumptions, which could materially change our current estimate of 2019 net sales, operating margin and cash flows.
2020 Financial Trends
We expect our 2020 net sales to increase to approximately $62.0 billion. Total business segment operating margin in 2020 is expected to be in the 10.5% to 10.8% range and cash from operations is expected to be greater than or equal to $7.2 billion, net of $500 million of pension contributions. The preliminary outlook for 2020 assumes there is no impact from U.S. Government actions related to Turkey and the U.S. Government continues to support and fund our key programs. Changes in circumstances may require us to revise our assumptions, which could materially change our current estimate of 2020 net sales, operating margin and cash flows.
We currently expect a total net FAS/CAS pension benefit of approximately $2.1 billion in 2020. This estimate assumes a 3.25% discount rate (a 100 basis point decrease from the end of 2018), a 15.00% return on plan assets in 2019, and a 7.00% expected long-term rate of return on plan assets in future years, among other assumptions. A change of plus or minus 25 basis points to the assumed discount rate, with all other assumptions held constant, would result in an incremental increase or decrease of approximately $15 million to the estimated net 2020 FAS/CAS pension benefit. The impact of changes in the discount rate is significantly less than in prior years (i.e., $15 million for 2020 compared to $120 million for 2019) due to the expected completion of the planned freeze of our salaried pension plans that was previously announced on July 1, 2014, which is discussed in further detail below. A change of 100 basis points to the return on plan assets in 2019 only, with all other assumptions held constant, would impact the net 2020 FAS/CAS pension benefit by approximately $15 million. As noted above, we expect to make contributions of approximately $500 million to our qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2020 and anticipate recovering approximately $2.2 billion of CAS pension cost. We will complete the annual remeasurement of our postretirement benefit plans and update our estimated 2020 FAS/CAS pension adjustment on December 31, 2019. The final assumptions and actual investment return for 2019 may differ materially from those discussed above.
As previously announced on July 1, 2014, we will complete the final step of the planned freeze of our qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans for salaried employees effective January 1, 2020. The service-based component of the formula used to determine retirement benefits will be frozen such that participants will no longer earn further credited service for any period after December 31, 2019. As a result of these changes, the plans will be fully frozen effective January 1, 2020. Retirees already collecting benefits and former employees with a vested benefit will not be affected by the change. Current employees also will retain all benefits already earned in their pension plan to date.
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The following discussion is a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2018 Form 10-K).
INDUSTRY CONSIDERATIONS
U.S. Government Funding
The U.S. Government has not yet passed an appropriations bill for fiscal year (FY) 2020 (a U.S. Government FY begins October 1 and ends September 30). However, on September 27, 2019, the U.S. Government passed a continuing resolution funding measure to finance all agencies of the U.S. Government through November 21, 2019. Under this continuing resolution, partial-year funding at amounts consistent with appropriated levels for FY 2019 are available, subject to certain restrictions, but new spending initiatives are not authorized. U.S. Government agencies may be subject to a government shutdown if new appropriations are not passed prior to the expiration of the current continuing resolution.
Our key programs continue to be supported and funded despite the continuing resolution financing mechanism. However, during periods covered by continuing resolutions or in the event of a government shutdown, we may experience delays in procurement of products and services due to lack of funding, and those delays may affect our results of operations.
On August 2, 2019, the President signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (BBA-19), which increased the spending limits for both defense and non-defense discretionary funding for U.S. Government FYs 2020 and 2021 set under the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA). The defense spending limits were increased by $90 billion to $667 billion for FY 2020 and by $81 billion to $672 billion for FY 2021. When combined with approved Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) / emergency funding (OCO and emergency supplemental funding do not count toward discretionary spending caps), the agreement raises top-line spending for national defense to $738 billion in FY 2020 and $741 billion in FY 2021. The proposed national security spending in both FY 2020 and 2021 are an increase over the FY 2019 enacted amount of $716 billion, but are lower than the President’s budget request of $750 billion in FY 2020 and $746 billion in FY 2021. By raising the spending limits, the BBA-19 has essentially ended the budgetary constraints implemented by the 2011 BCA. Additionally, the BBA-19 also suspends the debt ceiling through July 31, 2021, at which time the debt limit will be increased to the amount of U.S. Government debt outstanding on that date.
See also the discussion of U.S. Government funding risks within “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our 2018 Form 10‑K.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Since our operating cycle is primarily long-term and involves many types of contracts for the design, development and manufacture of products and related activities with varying delivery schedules, the results of operations of a particular period, or period-to-period comparisons of sales and profits, may not be indicative of future operating results. For the quarter ended September 29, 2019, our accounting period included 13 weeks compared to 14 weeks for the quarter ended September 30, 2018. For the nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, our accounting period included 39 weeks.
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The following discussions of comparative results among periods should be reviewed in this context. All per share amounts cited in these discussions are presented on a “per diluted share” basis, unless otherwise noted. Our consolidated results of operations were as follows (in millions, except per share data):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 15,171 |  |  |  | $ | 14,318 |  |  |  | $ | 43,934 |  |  |  | $ | 39,351 |  |
Cost of sales |  | (13,108 | ) |  |  | (12,397 | ) |  |  | (37,690 | ) |  |  | (34,019 | ) |
Gross profit |  | 2,063 |  |  |  | 1,921 |  |  |  | 6,244 |  |  |  | 5,332 |  |
Other income, net |  | 42 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | 151 |  |
Operating profit |  | 2,105 |  |  |  | 1,963 |  |  |  | 6,396 |  |  |  | 5,483 |  |
Interest expense |  | (162 | ) |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  | (496 | ) |  |  | (497 | ) |
Other non-operating expense, net |  | (162 | ) |  |  | (211 | ) |  |  | (491 | ) |  |  | (631 | ) |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 1,781 |  |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  | 5,409 |  |  |  | 4,355 |  |
Income tax expense |  | (173 | ) |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | (677 | ) |  |  | (562 | ) |
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,608 |  |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  |  | $ | 4,732 |  |  |  | $ | 3,793 |  |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 5.66 |  |  |  | $ | 5.14 |  |  |  | $ | 16.66 |  |  |  | $ | 13.21 |  |

Certain amounts reported in other income, net, primarily our share of earnings or losses from equity method investees, are included in the operating profit of our business segments. Accordingly, such amounts are included in the discussion of our business segment results of operations.
Net Sales
We generate sales from the delivery of products and services to our customers. Our consolidated net sales were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Products |  | $ | 12,728 |  |  |  | $ | 11,918 |  |  |  | $ | 36,701 |  |  |  | $ | 32,830 |  |
% of total net sales |  | 83.9 | % |  |  | 83.2 | % |  |  | 83.5 | % |  |  | 83.4 | % |
Services |  | 2,443 |  |  |  | 2,400 |  |  |  | 7,233 |  |  |  | 6,521 |  |
% of total net sales |  | 16.1 | % |  |  | 16.8 | % |  |  | 16.5 | % |  |  | 16.6 | % |
Total net sales |  | $ | 15,171 |  |  |  | $ | 14,318 |  |  |  | $ | 43,934 |  |  |  | $ | 39,351 |  |

Substantially all of our contracts are accounted for using the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method. Under the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method, we record net sales on contracts over time based upon our progress towards completion on a particular contract, as well as our estimate of the profit to be earned at completion. The following discussion of material changes in our consolidated net sales should be read in tandem with the subsequent discussion of changes in our consolidated cost of sales and our business segment results of operations because changes in our sales are typically accompanied by a corresponding change in our cost of sales due to the nature of the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method.
Product Sales
Product sales increased $810 million, or 7%, during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in product sales was primarily due to higher product sales of approximately $540 million at Aeronautics and $300 million at MFC. The increase in product sales at Aeronautics was primarily due to an increase in production volume for the F-35 program. The increase in product sales at MFC was primarily attributable to increased volume for tactical and strike missile programs (primarily precision fires and new hypersonic missile programs) and integrated air and missile defense programs (primarily Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)).
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Product sales increased $3.9 billion, or 12%, during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in product sales was primarily due to higher product sales of approximately $1.8 billion at Aeronautics, $1.1 billion at MFC and $650 million at Space. The increase in product sales at Aeronautics was primarily due to higher production volume for the F-35 program. The increase in product sales at MFC was primarily due to increased volume for tactical and strike missile programs (primarily precision fires, classified programs and new hypersonic missile programs) and contract mix and increased volume for integrated air and missile defense programs (primarily THAAD and PAC-3). The increase in product sales at Space was primarily due to higher volume for government satellite programs (primarily Next Generation Overhead Persistent Infrared (Next Gen OPIR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) III).
Service Sales
Service sales increased $43 million, or 2%, during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in service sales was primarily due to an increase of approximately at $30 million at MFC, which was attributable to higher volume for sensors and global sustainment programs (primarily Special Operations Forces Global Logistics Support Services (SOF GLSS)).
Service sales increased $712 million, or 11%, during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in service sales was primarily due to higher service sales of approximately $290 million at RMS, $210 million at MFC and $155 million at Aeronautics. The increase in service sales at RMS was primarily due to increased volume for integrated warfare systems and sensors (IWSS) programs (primarily Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) and Aegis) and various training and logistics solutions programs. The increase in service sales at MFC was primarily attributable to increased volume for sensors and global sustainment programs (primarily SOF GLSS) and higher sustainment volume for the PAC-3 program. Higher service sales at Aeronautics were primarily due to higher sustainment volume for the F-35 program and higher volume on modernization and sustainment for the F-22 program.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales, for both products and services, consist of materials, labor, subcontracting costs, an allocation of indirect costs (overhead and general and administrative), as well as the costs to fulfill our industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset agreements, required under certain contracts with international customers. For each of our contracts, we monitor the nature and amount of costs at the contract level, which form the basis for estimating our total costs to complete the contract. Our consolidated cost of sales were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Cost of sales – products |  | $ | (11,339 | ) |  |  | $ | (10,701 | ) |  |  | $ | (32,638 | ) |  |  | $ | (29,391 | ) |
% of product sales |  | 89.1 | % |  |  | 89.8 | % |  |  | 88.9 | % |  |  | 89.5 | % |
Cost of sales – services |  | (2,211 | ) |  |  | (2,070 | ) |  |  | (6,452 | ) |  |  | (5,726 | ) |
% of service sales |  | 90.5 | % |  |  | 86.3 | % |  |  | 89.2 | % |  |  | 87.8 | % |
Severance and restructuring charges |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (96 | ) |
Other unallocated, net |  | 442 |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 1,400 |  |  |  | 1,194 |  |
Total cost of sales |  | $ | (13,108 | ) |  |  | $ | (12,397 | ) |  |  | $ | (37,690 | ) |  |  | $ | (34,019 | ) |

The following discussion of material changes in our consolidated cost of sales for products and services should be read in tandem with the preceding discussion of changes in our consolidated net sales and our business segment results of operations. Except for potential impacts to our programs, including the F-35 program, resulting from U.S. Government actions related to Turkey, we have not identified any developing trends in cost of sales for products and services that would have a material impact on our future operations (see “Other Matters” discussion below for further discussion).
Product Costs
Product costs increased $638 million, or 6%, during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in product costs was primarily due to higher product costs of approximately $460 million at Aeronautics, $275 million at MFC and $110 million at Space, partially offset by lower product costs of approximately $205 million at RMS. The increase in product costs at Aeronautics was primarily due to higher production volume for the
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F-35 program. The increase in product costs at MFC was primarily attributable to increased volume for tactical and strike missile programs (primarily precision fires and new hypersonic missile programs) and integrated air and missile defense programs (primarily PAC-3). The increase in product costs at Space was primarily attributable to higher volume for government satellite programs (primarily Next Gen OPIR and GPS III). The decrease in product costs at RMS was primarily due to lower volume for Sikorsky helicopter programs.
Product costs increased $3.2 billion, or 11%, during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in product costs was primarily due to higher product costs of approximately $1.6 billion at Aeronautics, $905 million at MFC and $505 million at Space. The increase in product costs at Aeronautics was primarily due to higher production volume for the F-35 program. The increase in product costs at MFC was primarily due to increased volume for tactical and strike missile programs (primarily precision fires, classified programs and new hypersonic missile programs) and contract mix and increased volume for integrated air and missile defense programs (primarily THAAD and PAC-3). The increase in product costs at Space was primarily attributable to higher volume for government satellite programs (primarily Next Gen OPIR and GPS III).
Service Costs
Service costs increased $141 million, or 7%, during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in service costs was primarily due to higher service costs of approximately $95 million at RMS and $25 million at MFC. The increase in service costs at RMS was primarily due to increased volume for IWSS and various training and logistics solutions programs. Higher services costs at MFC were primarily due to higher volume for sensors and global sustainment programs (primarily SOF GLSS).
Service costs increased $726 million, or 13%, during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in service costs was primarily due to higher service costs of approximately $330 million at RMS, $185 million at MFC and $150 million at Aeronautics. The increase in service costs at RMS was primarily due to increased volume for IWSS and various training and logistics solutions programs. The increase in service costs at MFC was primarily attributable to increased volume for sensors and global sustainment programs (primarily SOF GLSS) and higher sustainment volume for the PAC-3 program. Higher service costs at Aeronautics were primarily due to higher sustainment volume for the F-35 program and higher volume on modernization and sustainment for the F-22 program.
Severance and Restructuring Charges
During the second quarter of 2018, we recorded charges totaling $96 million ($76 million, or $0.26 per share, after tax) related to certain severance and restructuring actions at our RMS business segment. As of September 29, 2019, we have paid approximately $65 million in severance payments associated with these actions. In addition, we have recovered a significant portion of these payments through the pricing of our products and services to the U.S. Government and other customers, which are included in RMS’ operating results.
Other Unallocated, Net
Other unallocated, net primarily includes the FAS/CAS operating adjustment (which represents the difference between cost accounting standards (CAS) pension cost recorded in our business segment’s results of operations and the service cost component of FAS pension expense), stock-based compensation expense and other corporate costs. These items are not allocated to the business segments and, therefore, are excluded from cost of sales for products and services. Other unallocated, net reduced cost of sales by $442 million and $1.4 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to $374 million and $1.2 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Other unallocated, net during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 was higher primarily due to an increase in our FAS/CAS operating adjustment (see “Business Segment Results of Operations” discussion below for more detail).
Other Income, Net
Other income, net primarily includes our share of earnings or losses from equity method investees. During the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, other income, net was $42 million and $152 million compared to $42 million and $151 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Other income, net during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 included a previously deferred gain of approximately $51 million ($38 million, or
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$0.13 per share, after tax) recognized in the first quarter of 2019 related to properties sold in 2015 as a result of completing our remaining obligations, which was partially offset by lower earnings generated by equity method investees.
As of September 29, 2019, our equity method investment in Advanced Military Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Center LLC (AMMROC) totaled approximately $440 million. We are continuing to monitor this investment in light of ongoing performance, business base and economic issues, and we may have to record our portion of additional charges, or an impairment of our investment, or both, should the carrying value of our investment exceed its fair value. These charges could adversely affect our results of operations.
Other Non-operating Expense, Net
Other non-operating expense, net primarily includes the non-service cost components of FAS pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense (i.e., interest cost, expected return on plan assets, net actuarial gains or losses, and amortization of prior service cost or credits). During the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, other non-operating expense, net was $162 million and $491 million compared to $211 million and $631 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 was primarily due to a reduction in non-service FAS pension expense for our qualified defined benefit pension plans, which was primarily attributable to a higher discount rate in 2019 compared to 2018.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective income tax rates were 9.7% and 12.5% for the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, and 6.5% and 12.9% for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The rate for the quarter ended September 29, 2019 benefited from $62 million, or $0.22 per share, of additional tax deductions for the prior year, primarily attributable to foreign derived intangible income treatment based on proposed tax regulations released on March 4, 2019, and our change in tax accounting method reflecting a 2012 Court of Federal Claims decision, which held that the tax basis in certain assets should be increased and realized upon the assets’ disposition. The rate for the nine months ended September 29, 2019 benefited from $127 million, or $0.45 per share, of additional tax deductions for the prior year, of which approximately $65 million, or $0.23 per share, was recorded during the first quarter of 2019 based on proposed tax regulations released on March 4, 2019 which clarified foreign military sales qualify for foreign derived intangible income treatment. The rates for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 benefited from $148 million, or $0.52 per share, and $152 million, or $0.53 per share, of additional tax deductions for the prior year, primarily attributable to true-ups to the net one-time charges related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 and our change in tax accounting method reflecting the 2012 Court of Federal Claims decision. The rates for all periods benefited from tax deductions for dividends paid to our defined contribution plans with an employee stock ownership plan feature, tax deductions for foreign derived intangible income, tax deductions for employee equity awards, and the research and development tax credit.
Future changes in tax law could significantly impact our provision for income taxes, the amount of taxes payable, our deferred tax asset and liability balances, and stockholders’ equity. The amount of net deferred tax assets will change periodically based on several factors, including the measurement of our postretirement benefit plan obligations, actual cash contributions to our postretirement benefit plans, and future changes in tax law.
Net Earnings
We reported net earnings of $1.6 billion ($5.66 per share) and $4.7 billion ($16.66 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, compared to $1.5 billion ($5.14 per share) and $3.8 billion ($13.21 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Both net earnings and earnings per share were affected by the factors mentioned above. Earnings per share also benefited from a net decrease of approximately 2.2 million shares outstanding from September 30, 2018 to September 29, 2019 as a result of share repurchases, partially offset by share issuance under our stock-based awards and certain defined contribution plans.
BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We operate in four business segments: Aeronautics, MFC, RMS and Space. We organize our business segments based on the nature of products and services offered.
Net sales and operating profit of our business segments exclude intersegment sales, cost of sales, and profit as these activities are eliminated in consolidation. Business segment operating profit includes our share of earnings or losses
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from equity method investees as the operating activities of the equity method investees are closely aligned with the operations of our business segments.
Business segment operating profit also excludes the FAS/CAS operating adjustment described below, a portion of corporate costs not considered allowable or allocable to contracts with the U.S. Government under the applicable U.S. government cost accounting standards (CAS) or federal acquisition regulations (FAR), and other items not considered part of management’s evaluation of segment operating performance such as a portion of management and administration costs, legal fees and settlements, environmental costs, stock-based compensation expense, retiree benefits, significant severance actions, significant asset impairments, gains or losses from significant divestitures, and other miscellaneous corporate activities.
Excluded items are included in the reconciling item “Unallocated items” between operating profit from our business segments and our consolidated operating profit. See “Note 11 – Other” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion related to certain factors that may impact the comparability of net sales and operating profit of our business segments.
Summary operating results for each of our business segments were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aeronautics |  | $ | 6,178 |  |  |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  |  | $ | 17,312 |  |  |  | $ | 15,361 |  |
Missiles and Fire Control |  | 2,601 |  |  |  | 2,273 |  |  |  | 7,362 |  |  |  | 6,035 |  |
Rotary and Mission Systems |  | 3,709 |  |  |  | 3,848 |  |  |  | 11,239 |  |  |  | 10,637 |  |
Space |  | 2,683 |  |  |  | 2,555 |  |  |  | 8,021 |  |  |  | 7,318 |  |
Total net sales |  | $ | 15,171 |  |  |  | $ | 14,318 |  |  |  | $ | 43,934 |  |  |  | $ | 39,351 |  |
Operating profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aeronautics |  | $ | 665 |  |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  |  | $ | 1,842 |  |  |  | $ | 1,646 |  |
Missiles and Fire Control |  | 349 |  |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 1,093 |  |  |  | 872 |  |
Rotary and Mission Systems |  | 342 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 1,068 |  |  |  | 1,013 |  |
Space |  | 309 |  |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 931 |  |  |  | 831 |  |
Total business segment operating profit |  | 1,665 |  |  |  | 1,586 |  |  |  | 4,934 |  |  |  | 4,362 |  |
Unallocated items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FAS/CAS operating adjustment (a) |  | 513 |  |  |  | 451 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (158 | ) |  |  | (148 | ) |
Severance and restructuring charges (b) |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (96 | ) |
Other, net |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 12 |  |
Total unallocated items |  | 440 |  |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 1,462 |  |  |  | 1,121 |  |
Total consolidated operating profit |  | $ | 2,105 |  |  |  | $ | 1,963 |  |  |  | $ | 6,396 |  |  |  | $ | 5,483 |  |

(a) | The FAS/CAS operating adjustment represents the difference between the service cost component of financial accounting standards (FAS) pension expense and total pension costs recoverable on U.S. Government contracts as determined in accordance with CAS.

(b) | Unallocated items for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 include charges totaling $96 million ($76 million, or $0.26 per share, after tax) related to certain severance and restructuring actions at our RMS business segment. See “Note 11 – Other” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (under the caption “Severance and Restructuring Charges”) for more information.

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Our total net FAS/CAS pension adjustment for the quarters and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, including the service and non-service cost components of FAS pension expense for our qualified defined benefit pension plans, were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Total FAS expense and CAS costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FAS pension expense |  | $ | (274 | ) |  |  | $ | (356 | ) |  |  | $ | (820 | ) |  |  | $ | (1,069 | ) |
Less: CAS pension cost |  | 642 |  |  |  | 608 |  |  |  | 1,924 |  |  |  | 1,825 |  |
Net FAS/CAS pension adjustment |  | $ | 368 |  |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  |  | $ | 1,104 |  |  |  | $ | 756 |  |
Service and non-service cost reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FAS pension service cost |  | $ | (129 | ) |  |  | $ | (157 | ) |  |  | $ | (387 | ) |  |  | $ | (472 | ) |
Less: CAS pension cost |  | 642 |  |  |  | 608 |  |  |  | 1,924 |  |  |  | 1,825 |  |
FAS/CAS operating adjustment |  | 513 |  |  |  | 451 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |
Non-operating FAS pension cost(a) |  | (145 | ) |  |  | (199 | ) |  |  | (433 | ) |  |  | (597 | ) |
Net FAS/CAS pension adjustment |  | $ | 368 |  |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  |  | $ | 1,104 |  |  |  | $ | 756 |  |

(a) | The non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost relate only to our qualified defined benefit pension plans. In addition to the non-service cost components in the table above, we incurred similar costs for our other postretirement benefit plans of $30 million and $87 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $16 million and $49 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

We recover CAS pension and other postretirement benefit plan cost through the pricing of our products and services on U.S. Government contracts and, therefore, recognize CAS cost in each of our business segment’s net sales and cost of sales. Our consolidated financial statements must present FAS pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense calculated in accordance with FAS requirements under U.S. GAAP. The operating portion of the net FAS/CAS pension adjustment represents the difference between the service cost component of FAS pension expense and total CAS pension cost. The non-service FAS pension cost component is included in other non-operating expense, net in our consolidated statements of earnings. The net FAS/CAS pension adjustment increases or decreases CAS pension cost to equal total FAS pension expense (both service and non-service).
Management evaluates performance on our contracts by focusing on net sales and operating profit and not by type or amount of operating expense. Consequently, our discussion of business segment performance focuses on net sales and operating profit, consistent with our approach for managing the business. This approach is consistent throughout the life cycle of our contracts, as management assesses the bidding of each contract by focusing on net sales and operating profit and monitors performance on our contracts in a similar manner through their completion.
We regularly provide customers with reports of our costs as the contract progresses. The cost information in the reports is accumulated in a manner specified by the requirements of each contract. For example, cost data provided to a customer for a product would typically align to the subcomponents of that product (such as a wing-box on an aircraft) and for services would align to the type of work being performed (such as aircraft sustainment). Our contracts generally allow for the recovery of costs in the pricing of our products and services. Most of our contracts are bid and negotiated with our customers under circumstances in which we are required to disclose our estimated total costs to provide the product or service. This approach for negotiating contracts with our U.S. Government customers generally allows for recovery of our actual costs plus a reasonable profit margin. We also may enter into long-term supply contracts for certain materials or components to coincide with the production schedule of certain products and to ensure their availability at known unit prices.
Many of our contracts span several years and include highly complex technical requirements. At the outset of a contract, we identify and monitor risks to the achievement of the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract and assess the effects of those risks on our estimates of total costs to complete the contract. The estimates consider the technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product), the schedule and associated tasks (e.g., the number and type of milestone events) and costs (e.g., material, labor, subcontractor, overhead and the estimated costs to fulfill our industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset agreements, required under certain contracts with international customers). The initial profit booking rate of each contract considers risks surrounding the ability to achieve the technical requirements, schedule and costs in the initial estimated total costs to
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complete the contract. Profit booking rates may increase during the performance of the contract if we successfully retire risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract, which decreases the estimated total costs to complete the contract. Conversely, our profit booking rates may decrease if the estimated total costs to complete the contract increase. All of the estimates are subject to change during the performance of the contract and may affect the profit booking rate.
Changes in net sales and operating profit generally are expressed in terms of volume. Changes in volume refer to increases or decreases in sales or operating profit resulting from varying production activity levels, deliveries or service levels on individual contracts. Volume changes in segment operating profit are typically based on the current profit booking rate for a particular contract.
Comparability of our segment sales, operating profit and operating margin may be impacted favorably or unfavorably by changes in profit booking rates on our contracts for which we recognize revenue over time using the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method to measure progress towards completion. Increases in the profit booking rates, typically referred to as risk retirements, usually relate to revisions in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations that reflect improved conditions on a particular contract. Conversely, conditions on a particular contract may deteriorate, resulting in an increase in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations and a reduction in the profit booking rate. Increases or decreases in profit booking rates are recognized in the current period and reflect the inception-to-date effect of such changes. Segment operating profit and margin may also be impacted favorably or unfavorably by other items, which may or may not impact sales. Favorable items may include the positive resolution of contractual matters, cost recoveries on severance and restructuring charges, insurance recoveries and gains on sales of assets. Unfavorable items may include the adverse resolution of contractual matters; restructuring charges, except for significant severance actions, which are excluded from segment operating results; reserves for disputes; certain asset impairments; and losses on sales of certain assets.
As previously disclosed, we are responsible for a program to design, develop and construct a ground-based radar at our RMS business segment. The program has experienced performance issues for which we have periodically accrued reserves. As of September 29, 2019, cumulative losses remained at approximately $195 million on this program. We may continue to experience issues related to customer requirements and our performance under this contract and have to record additional charges. However, based on the losses previously recorded and our current estimate of the sales and costs to complete the program, at this time we do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
As previously disclosed, we have two commercial satellite programs, for the delivery of three satellites in total, at our Space business segment for which we have experienced performance issues related to the development and integration of a modernized LM 2100 satellite platform. During 2019, we launched two satellites from one of the programs, and these satellites have now been handed over to the customer. Accordingly, the risk related to these satellites has decreased significantly and is primarily related to post-launch warranty and support. Based on reserves already accrued, at this time we do not anticipate that additional charges, if any, related to this program would be material. The third satellite, which relates to the second program, remains developmental. As of September 29, 2019, cumulative losses for these two programs remained at approximately $410 million. While these losses reflect our estimated total losses, we will continue to incur unrecoverable general and administrative costs each period until we complete the contract for the third satellite. We also may experience further challenges in the delivery and integration of new satellite technology, anomalies discovered during system testing requiring repair or rework, further schedule delays, and penalties that could require us to record additional loss reserves, which may be material to our operating results. We are late to the contract delivery schedule for the third satellite. If we are not able to deliver the third satellite by the contract termination date, the customer could seek to exercise a termination right under the contract, in which case we would have to refund the payments we have received and pay certain penalties. However, we believe that it is not probable that the customer will seek to exercise any termination rights.
As previously disclosed, we are responsible for designing, developing and installing an upgraded turret for the Warrior Capability Sustainment Program at our MFC business segment. As of September 29, 2019, cumulative losses remained at approximately $140 million. We may continue to experience issues related to customer requirements and our performance under this contract and have to record additional reserves. However, based on the losses already recorded and our current estimate of the sales and costs to complete the program, at this time we do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
Our consolidated net adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, increased segment operating profit by approximately $480 million and $1.5 billion during the quarter and nine
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months ended September 29, 2019 and $545 million and $1.4 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Aeronautics
Summary operating results for our Aeronautics business segment were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 6,178 |  |  |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  |  | $ | 17,312 |  |  |  | $ | 15,361 |  |
Operating profit |  | 665 |  |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 1,842 |  |  |  | 1,646 |  |
Operating margin |  | 10.8 | % |  |  | 10.6 | % |  |  | 10.6 | % |  |  | 10.7 | % |

Aeronautics’ net sales during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 increased $536 million, or 10%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $480 million for the F-35 program due to increased volume on production, development and sustainment contracts and about $80 million for classified development programs due to higher volume.
Aeronautics’ operating profit during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 increased $65 million, or 11%, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit increased approximately $35 million for the F-16 program due to higher risk retirements on sustainment contracts, and about $20 million for the F-35 program due to increased volume on production, development, and sustainment contracts, partially offset by lower risk retirements. Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were comparable during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.
Aeronautics’ net sales during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $2.0 billion, or 13% compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $1.6 billion for the F-35 program due to increased volume on production, sustainment and development contracts; and about $250 million for classified development programs due to higher volume.
Aeronautics’ operating profit during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $196 million, or 12%, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit increased approximately $140 million for the F-35 program due to increased volume on production, development, and sustainment contracts; and about $65 million for the F-16 program due to higher risk retirements. Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were $30 million lower during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.
We currently expect Aeronautics’ 2019 net sales to increase in the low-double digit percentage range as compared to 2018 driven by the increased production, sustainment and development volume on the F-35 program as well as increased volume on its classified programs. Operating profit is also expected to increase in the low-double digit percentage range, but with slightly lower operating profit margin in 2019 as compared to 2018.
Missiles and Fire Control
Summary operating results for our MFC business segment were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  |  | $ | 2,273 |  |  |  | $ | 7,362 |  |  |  | $ | 6,035 |  |
Operating profit |  | 349 |  |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 1,093 |  |  |  | 872 |  |
Operating margin |  | 13.4 | % |  |  | 14.6 | % |  |  | 14.8 | % |  |  | 14.4 | % |

MFC’s net sales during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 increased $328 million, or 14%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $200 million for tactical and strike missile programs due to increased volume (primarily precision fires and new hypersonic development programs); and about $120 million for integrated air and missile defense programs due to increased volume (primarily PAC-3 and THAAD).
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MFC’s operating profit during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 increased $17 million, or 5%, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit increased approximately $45 million due to higher risk retirements on energy programs and about $15 million for integrated air and missile defense programs due to higher risk retirements and higher volume (primarily THAAD and PAC-3), partially offset by charges for performance matters on an air and missile defense development program. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $40 million for sensors and global sustainment programs due to lower risk retirements (primarily Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN®) and Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod (SNIPER®)). Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were $30 million lower during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.
MFC’s net sales during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $1.3 billion, or 22%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $690 million for tactical and strike missile programs due to increased volume (primarily precision fires, new hypersonic development programs, and classified programs); about $380 million for integrated air and missile defense programs due to increased volume (primarily PAC-3 and THAAD); and about $255 million for sensors and global sustainment programs due to increased volume (primarily SOF GLSS and Apache).
MFC’s operating profit during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $221 million, or 25%, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit increased approximately $95 million for integrated air and missile defense programs due to higher volume and higher risk retirements (primarily PAC-3 and THAAD); about $60 million for tactical and strike missile programs due to higher volume and higher risk retirements (primarily precision fires); about $45 million due to higher risk retirements on energy programs; and about $20 million for sensors and global sustainment programs due to $85 million of charges recorded in the first nine months of 2018, which did not recur for performance matters on the Warrior Capability Sustainment Program and higher volume (primarily SOF GLSS and Apache), partially offset by charges of $30 million for performance matters on an international military program and lower risk retirements (primarily LANTIRN and SNIPER). Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were $25 million higher during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.
We continue to expect MFC’s net sales to increase in the low-double digit percentage range in 2019 as compared to 2018 driven by key contract awards and higher volume in the tactical and strike missiles, air and missile defense, and sensors and global sustainment business. Operating profit is also expected to increase in the low-double digit percentage range in 2019 as compared to 2018 driven by the increase in sales volume. Operating profit margin for 2019 is expected to be slightly lower than 2018 levels.
Rotary and Mission Systems
Summary operating results for our RMS business segment were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  |  | $ | 3,848 |  |  |  | $ | 11,239 |  |  |  | $ | 10,637 |  |
Operating profit |  | 342 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 1,068 |  |  |  | 1,013 |  |
Operating margin |  | 9.2 | % |  |  | 9.4 | % |  |  | 9.5 | % |  |  | 9.5 | % |

RMS’ net sales during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 decreased $139 million, or 4%, compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower net sales of approximately $160 million for Sikorsky helicopter programs due to lower volume (primarily Black Hawk production and mission systems programs). This decrease was partially offset by an increase of approximately $40 million for various C6ISR (command, control, communications, computers, cyber, combat systems, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) programs due to higher volume.
RMS’ operating profit during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 decreased $19 million, or 5% compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit decreased approximately $50 million for IWSS programs due to lower risk retirements (primarily Radar Surveillance Systems programs). This decrease was partially offset by an increase of about $20 million for Sikorsky helicopter programs due to risk retirements on commercial after-market programs and better cost performance across the portfolio; and about $10 million for training and logistics solutions (TLS) programs due to lower program charges. Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were about $35 million lower during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period during 2018.
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RMS’ net sales during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $602 million, or 6%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $490 million for IWSS programs due to higher volume (primarily Radar Surveillance Systems, Multi Mission Surface Combatant, Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) and Aegis); about $130 million for various TLS programs due to higher volume; and about $90 million for various C6ISR programs due to higher volume. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $105 million for Sikorsky helicopter programs due to lower volume (primarily Black Hawk production and commercial aircraft).
RMS’ operating profit during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $55 million, or 5%, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit increased approximately $35 million for IWSS programs due to higher risk retirements (primarily Radar Surveillance Systems and Aegis); about $35 million for Sikorsky helicopter programs primarily due to risk retirements on commercial after-market programs and better cost performance across the portfolio, partially offset by lower margin contracts for helicopter development programs and lower risk retirements on mission systems programs; and about $20 million for C6ISR programs due to lower charges for various programs. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $45 million for TLS programs due to $70 million in charges for an army sustainment program partially offset by lower charges on various other programs. Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were $45 million lower during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period during 2018.
We continue to expect RMS’ net sales to increase in the mid-single digit percentage range compared to 2018 levels driven by IWSS and C6ISR sales volume. Operating profit is also expected to increase in the mid-single digit percentage range compared to 2018 levels, and operating profit margin for 2019 is expected to be comparable to 2018.
Space
Summary operating results for our Space business segment were as follows (in millions):

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  |  | $ | 8,021 |  |  |  | $ | 7,318 |  |
Operating profit |  | 309 |  |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 931 |  |  |  | 831 |  |
Operating margin |  | 11.5 | % |  |  | 11.5 | % |  |  | 11.6 | % |  |  | 11.4 | % |

Space’s net sales during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 increased $128 million, or 5%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $100 million for government satellite programs due to higher volume (primarily Next Gen OPIR and GPS III) and about $95 million for strategic and missile defense programs due to higher volume (primarily new hypersonic development programs). These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $35 million due to lower volume on the Orion program and a decrease of $25 million due to lower volume on commercial satellite programs.
Space’s operating profit during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 increased $16 million, or 5%, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit increased approximately $10 million due to higher equity earnings for ULA and $10 million for commercial satellite programs, which reflect a lower amount of charges recorded for performance matters. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $10 million for government satellite programs due to lower risk retirements. Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were comparable during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 to the same period in 2018.
Space’s net sales during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $703 million, or 10%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $530 million for government satellite programs due to higher volume (primarily Next Gen OPIR, GPS III, and government satellite services); about $165 million for strategic and missile defense programs due to higher volume (primarily new hypersonic development programs); and about $25 million due to higher volume on the Orion program.
Space’s operating profit during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 increased $100 million, or 12%, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit increased approximately $85 million for government satellite programs due to higher risk retirements (primarily Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) and government satellite services) and higher volume (primarily GPS III and government satellite services); and about $45 million for commercial satellite programs, which reflect a lower amount of charges recorded for performance matters. These increases were
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partially offset by a decrease of approximately $40 million due to lower equity earnings for ULA. Adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, were $85 million higher during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.
We continue to expect Space's 2019 net sales to increase in the high-single digit percentage range compared to 2018 levels driven by increased volume on government satellite and hypersonics programs. Operating profit in 2019 is expected to increase in the mid-to-high single digit percentage range as compared to 2018 driven by volume as well as an increased level of risk retirements. Operating profit margin in 2019 is expected to decrease from 2018 levels due to lower ULA equity earnings.
Total equity earnings recognized by Space (primarily ULA) represented approximately $55 million, or 18% and $140 million, or 15%, of Space’s operating profit during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019, compared to approximately $45 million, or 15% and $180 million, or 22%, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Liquidity and Cash Flows
We have a balanced cash deployment strategy to enhance stockholder value and position ourselves to take advantage of new business opportunities when they arise. Consistent with that strategy, we have continued to invest in our business, including capital expenditures, independent research and development and have made selective business acquisitions and investments, while returning cash to stockholders through dividends and share repurchases, and managing our debt levels, maturities and interest rates, and pension obligations.
We have generated strong operating cash flows, which have been the primary source of funding for our operations, capital expenditures, debt service and repayments, dividends, share repurchases and postretirement benefit plan contributions. The total remaining authorization for future common share repurchases under our share repurchase program was $3.3 billion as of September 29, 2019, including a $1.0 billion increase to the program authorized by our Board of Directors on September 26, 2019.
We expect our cash from operations will continue to be sufficient to support our operations and anticipated capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. We also have access to credit markets, if needed, for liquidity or general corporate purposes, and letters of credit to support customer advance payments and for other trade finance purposes such as guaranteeing our performance on particular contracts. See our “Capital Resources” section below for a discussion on financial resources available to us, including the issuance of commercial paper.
The following table provides a summary of our cash flow information followed by a discussion of the key elements (in millions):

|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  | $ | 772 |  |  |  | $ | 2,861 |  |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | 4,732 |  |  |  | 3,793 |  |
Non-cash adjustments |  | 974 |  |  |  | 1,101 |  |
Changes in working capital |  | (1,139 | ) |  |  | (1,402 | ) |
Other, net |  | 1,254 |  |  |  | (2,571 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 5,821 |  |  |  | 921 |  |
Net cash used for investing activities |  | (803 | ) |  |  | (673 | ) |
Net cash used for financing activities |  | (3,251 | ) |  |  | (2,212 | ) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,767 |  |  |  | (1,964 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 2,539 |  |  |  | $ | 897 |  |

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Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $4.9 billion during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in cash was largely driven by cash contributions of $5.0 billion made during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to our qualified defined benefit pension plans compared to no contributions during the nine months ended September 29, 2019. Cash provided by working capital during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 was approximately $260 million higher than the same period in 2018. During the nine months ended September 29, 2019, we made cash tax payments of approximately $690 million compared to receiving net tax refunds of $46 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities increased during the nine months ended September 29, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to approximately $105 million of cash received during the first quarter of 2018 as part of the final settlement of net working capital in connection with the 2016 divestiture of our Information Systems and Global Solutions business and an increase in cash used for capital expenditures. Capital expenditures totaled $841 million and $819 million during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018. The majority of our capital expenditures were for equipment and facilities infrastructure that generally are incurred to support new and existing programs across all of our business segments. We also incur capital expenditures for information technology to support programs and general enterprise information technology infrastructure, inclusive of costs for the development or purchase of internal-use software.
Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities was $3.3 billion during the nine months ended September 29, 2019, compared to $2.2 billion during the same period in 2018. Net cash used for financing activities during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 was primarily driven by dividend payments and share repurchases. In addition, we made net repayments of $600 million for commercial paper during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 compared to receiving $490 million of commercial paper net proceeds during the same period in 2018.
During the nine months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, we paid dividends totaling $1.9 billion ($6.60 per share) and $1.7 billion ($6.00 per share). In addition, we repurchased 2.2 million shares of our common stock during the nine months ended September 29, 2019 for $718 million, some of which was settled subsequent to the end of the third quarter. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 2.5 million shares of our common stock for $826 million.
Capital Resources
At September 29, 2019, we held cash and cash equivalents of $2.5 billion that was generally available to fund ordinary business operations without significant legal, regulatory, or other restrictions.
At September 29, 2019, we also had a $2.5 billion revolving credit facility (the 5-year Facility) with various banks that is available for general corporate purposes. Effective August 24, 2019, we extended the expiration date of the 5-year Facility from August 24, 2023 to August 24, 2024. The undrawn portion of the 5-year Facility also serves as a backup facility for the issuance of commercial paper. The total amount outstanding at any point in time under the combination of our commercial paper program and the credit facility cannot exceed the amount of the 5-year Facility. We may request and the banks may grant, at their discretion, an increase in the borrowing capacity under the 5-year Facility of up to an additional $500 million. There were no borrowings outstanding under the 5-year Facility at September 29, 2019.
We have agreements in place with financial institutions to provide for the issuance of commercial paper. The outstanding balance of commercial paper can fluctuate daily and the amount outstanding during the period may be greater than or less than the amount reported at the end of the period. During the nine months ended September 29, 2019, we borrowed and fully repaid amounts under our commercial paper program. There were no commercial paper borrowings outstanding as of September 29, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we had $600 million of commercial paper borrowings with a weighted average rate of 2.89% outstanding. All of our commercial paper borrowings had maturities of up to three months or less from the date of issuance. We may, as conditions warrant, continue to issue commercial paper backed by our credit facility to manage the timing of cash flows.
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Our outstanding debt, net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs, was $13.6 billion as of September 29, 2019 and mainly is in the form of publicly-issued notes that bear interest at fixed rates. As of September 29, 2019, we had $900 million of short-term borrowings due within one year, consisting of debt scheduled to mature in November 2019. As of September 29, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in our debt and credit agreements. There were no material changes during the quarter or nine months ended September 29, 2019 to our contractual commitments as presented in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2018 Form 10‑K that were outside the ordinary course of our business.
On occasion, our customers may seek deferred payment terms to purchase our products. In connection with these transactions, we may, at our customer’s request, enter into arrangements for the non-recourse sale of customer receivables to unrelated third–party financial institutions. For accounting purposes, these transactions are not discounted and are treated as a sale of receivables as we have no continuing involvement. The sale proceeds from the financial institutions are reflected in our operating cash flows on the statement of cash flows. We sold customer receivables of $80 million and $280 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 29, 2019 and $41 million and $268 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were no gains or losses related to sales of these receivables.
Our total equity was $3.9 billion at September 29, 2019, an increase of $2.5 billion from December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to net earnings of $4.7 billion and amortization of $681 million in pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense. These increases were partially offset by dividends declared of $2.6 billion and the repurchase of 2.2 million shares for $718 million, some of which was settled subsequent to the end of the third quarter. As we repurchase our common shares, we reduce common stock for the $1 of par value of the shares repurchased, with the excess purchase price over par value recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. If additional paid-in capital is reduced to zero, we record the remainder of the excess purchase price over par value as a reduction of retained earnings. Due to the volume of repurchases made under our share repurchase program, additional paid-in capital was reduced to zero, with the remainder of the excess purchase price over par value of $350 million recorded as a reduction of retained earnings during the nine months ended September 29, 2019.
OTHER MATTERS
Status of the F-35 Program
The F-35 program consists of multiple production contracts, sustainment activities, and new development efforts. During the nine months ended September 29, 2019, we delivered 83 aircraft to our U.S. and international partners, resulting in total deliveries of 440 production aircraft as of September 29, 2019. We have 313 production aircraft in backlog as of September 29, 2019, including orders from our international partners and customers. Production of the aircraft is expected to continue for many years given the U.S. Government’s current inventory objective of 2,456 aircraft for the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Navy; commitments from our eight international partners and four international customers; as well as expressions of interest from other countries.
On July 17, 2019, the U.S. Government suspended Turkey’s participation in the F-35 program and initiated the process to formally remove Turkey from the program as a result of Turkey accepting delivery of the Russian S-400 air and missile defense system. In addition, on October 14, 2019, the President issued an executive order targeting Turkey, which authorized sanctions as a result of Turkey’s actions in Syria. Subsequently, on October 23, 2019, the President announced that the U.S. Government will lift such sanctions. However, additional sanctions could be imposed against Turkey, including as a result of legislation that has been proposed in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate to impose a range of sanctions on Turkey for its actions in Syria. We are monitoring these developments and the potential impacts of any sanctions and other actions regarding Turkey on the F-35 program and on our other programs involving Turkey.
Turkey is one of eight international partners on the F-35 program and previously committed to purchase up to 100 F-35 aircraft, of which four have been delivered to date to Luke Air Force Base, Arizona and another 26 aircraft are currently in production or in backlog. For the aircraft in production or backlog, we have been working with the U.S. Government to ensure there are no interruptions in production and no adverse financial impacts to us as a result of Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program. Absent a change in the U.S. Government’s position on Turkey’s removal from the program, we will continue to seek to replace Turkey’s acquisition of additional aircraft with potential new customers or expand orders from existing partner countries.
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Turkish suppliers also produce component parts for the program, many of which are sole-sourced. To minimize the risks of disruption of our supply chain and ensure continuity of F-35 production, we have been working closely with the DoD and supporting activities to identify and engage alternate suppliers for the component parts produced by Turkish suppliers. International sales of the F-35 are negotiated between the U.S. Government and international governments and Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program is a government-to-government matter. We will follow official U.S. Government guidance as it relates to delivery of F-35 aircraft to Turkey and the export and import of component parts from the Turkish supply chain. The full effects of removing Turkey from the F-35 program and any potential U.S. sanctions cannot be determined at this time. However, these actions could impact the timing of orders, disrupt the production of the aircraft, delay delivery of aircraft, disrupt delivery of sustainment components produced in Turkey and impact funding on the program, to include the result of any reprogramming of funds that may be necessary to develop alternate sources for component parts made in Turkey, which could affect our operations, operating results, financial position and cash flows. For additional discussion, including the risk of sanctions on other programs involving sales to Turkey or work with Turkish industry, see “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
In February 2019, the Department of the Navy declared Initial Operational Capability for its F-35C fleet, resulting in all three F-35 aircraft variants being mission-ready and combat-capable. Given the size and complexity of the F-35 program, we anticipate that there will be continual reviews related to aircraft performance, program schedule, cost, and requirements as part of the DoD, Congressional, and international partners’ oversight and budgeting processes. Current program challenges include, but are not limited to, supplier and partner performance, software development, level of cost associated with life cycle operations and sustainment and warranties, receiving funding for production contracts on a timely basis, executing future flight tests, and findings resulting from testing and operating the aircraft.
Contingencies
See “Note 8 – Legal Proceedings and Contingencies” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our contingent obligations, including off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies
There have been no significant changes to the critical accounting policies disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Postretirement Benefit Plans
We measure our net obligations related to our postretirement benefit plans annually at year end, which are largely dependent upon several key economic and actuarial assumptions. If we assume a discount rate at the end of 2019 of 3.25% (a 100 basis point decrease from the end of 2018), a 15.00% return on plan assets in 2019, and a 7.00% expected long-term rate of return on plan assets in future years among other assumptions, we expect the total net 2020 FAS/CAS pension adjustment to be approximately $2.1 billion. With these assumptions, we expect the amount of the qualified defined benefit pension plan obligation to be recorded at the end of 2019 to increase, resulting in a non-cash, after-tax decrease in stockholders’ equity of approximately $4.0 billion. If interest rates and 2019 asset returns were to further decline, we may incur a stockholders' deficit at year-end. However, we do not anticipate that this would affect our ability to comply with our debt covenants, pay dividends, or make share repurchases based on our current outlook for net earnings.
A change of plus or minus 25 basis points to the assumed discount rate, with all other assumptions held constant, would result in an incremental increase or decrease of approximately $15 million to the estimated net 2020 FAS/CAS pension benefit. The impact of changes in the discount rate is significantly less than in prior years (i.e., $15 million for 2020 compared to $120 million for 2019) due to the expected completion of the planned freeze of our salaried pension plans that was previously announced on July 1, 2014, which is discussed in further detail below. A change of 100 basis points to the return on plan assets in 2019 only, with all other assumptions held constant, would impact the net 2020 FAS/CAS pension benefit by approximately $15 million. We expect to make contributions of approximately $500 million to our qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2020 and anticipate recovering approximately $2.2 billion of CAS pension cost.
Accounting for postretirement benefit plans under GAAP requires that the amounts we record are computed using actuarial valuations. These valuations utilize many assumptions, including those we make regarding financial markets and other economic conditions and longevity. Changes in those annual assumptions can impact our total equity at any given year end, and the amount of expense we record for our postretirement benefits plans in the following year. We will finalize the postretirement benefit plan assumptions and determine the 2019 actual return on plan assets on December 31, 2019. The final assumptions and the actual investment returns for 2019 may differ materially from those discussed above.
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Please refer to our critical accounting policies under the caption “Postretirement Benefit Plans” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of the significant assumptions we must make, in addition to information regarding our ability to recover our pension costs in the pricing of our contracts.
As previously announced on July 1, 2014, we will complete the final step of the planned freeze of our qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans for salaried employees effective January 1, 2020. The service-based component of the formula used to determine retirement benefits will be frozen such that participants will no longer earn further credited service for any period after December 31, 2019. As a result of these changes, the plans will be fully frozen effective January 1, 2020. Retirees already collecting benefits and former employees with a vested benefit will not be affected by the change. Current employees also will retain all benefits already earned in their pension plan to date.
We may from time to time take actions to mitigate the effect of our defined benefit pension plans on our financial results by reducing the volatility of our pension obligations, including entering into additional transactions involving the purchase of a group annuity contract for a portion of our outstanding defined benefit pension obligations using assets from the pension trust. As described in our 2018 Form 10-K, during December 2018, a Lockheed Martin qualified defined benefit pension plan purchased two contracts from insurance companies covering $2.6 billion of our outstanding defined benefit pension obligations. One of the contracts we purchased (referred to as a buy-out contract) relieved us of all responsibility for the pension obligations related to approximately 32,000 U.S. retirees and beneficiaries. The second contract was structured as a buy-in contract (that will reimburse the plan for all future benefit payments related to defined benefit obligations for approximately 9,000 U.S retirees and beneficiaries) and was originally planned to be converted into a buy-out contract, but we have decided to retain the contract in the pension trust and not terminate the related pension plan (although the terms of the plan reserve our right to terminate the plan in the future). The buy-in contract is accounted for at fair value as an investment of the trust.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The carrying value of our Sikorsky reporting unit included goodwill of $2.7 billion, an indefinite-lived trademark intangible asset of $887 million, and finite-lived customer program intangible assets of $2.3 billion as of September 29, 2019. As of the date of our 2018 annual impairment test, we estimated that the fair value of our Sikorsky reporting unit exceeded its carrying value of goodwill by a margin of approximately 20% and the fair value of the trademark intangible asset exceeded its carrying value by a margin of approximately 5%. We will perform our annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of 2019 and will perform a quantitative assessment of the fair value of our Sikorsky reporting unit.
The fair values and carrying values of our goodwill and intangible asset at our Sikorsky reporting unit are closely aligned. Therefore, any business deterioration, changes in timing of orders, contract cancellations or terminations, or negative changes in market factors could cause our sales, earnings and cash flows to decline below current projections. Similarly, market factors utilized in the impairment analysis, including long-term growth rates, discount rates and relevant comparable public company earnings multiples and transaction multiples, could negatively impact the fair value of our reporting units. Based on our assessment of these circumstances, we have determined that goodwill and intangible assets at our Sikorsky reporting unit are at risk for impairment should there be deterioration of projected cash flows, a significant increase in the carrying value of the reporting unit, contract cancellations or terminations, or negative changes in market factors.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See “Note 12 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to new accounting standards.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As disclosed in “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018, we transact business globally and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into foreign currency hedges such as forward and option contracts that change in value as foreign currency exchange rates change. Our other exposures to market risk have not changed materially since December 31, 2018. See “Note 9 – Fair Value Measurements” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion.
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ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 29, 2019. The evaluation was performed with the participation of senior management of each business segment and key corporate functions, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were operating and effective as of September 29, 2019.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 29, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains statements that, to the extent they are not recitations of historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, and are based on our current expectations and assumptions. The words “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “intend,” “expect,” “plan,” “outlook,” “scheduled,” “forecast” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially due to factors such as:

• | our reliance on contracts with the U.S. Government, which are conditioned upon the availability of funding and can be terminated by the U.S. Government for convenience, and our ability to negotiate favorable contract terms;

• | budget uncertainty; affordability initiatives; the impact of continuing resolution funding mechanisms and the potential for a government shutdown (including the potential that we work on unfunded contracts to preserve their cost and/or schedule);

• | risks related to the development, production, sustainment, performance, schedule, cost and requirements of complex and technologically advanced programs including our largest, the F-35 program;

• | planned production rates for significant programs; compliance with stringent performance and reliability standards; materials availability;

• | the performance and financial viability of key suppliers, teammates, ventures, venture partners, subcontractors and customers;

• | economic, industry, business and political conditions including their effects on governmental policy and government actions that disrupt our supply chain or prevent the sale or delivery of our products (such as delays in obtaining Congressional approvals for exports requiring Congressional notification);

• | trade policies or sanctions (including the impact of potential U.S. Government sanctions on Turkey and Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program and potential sanctions on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia);

• | our success expanding into and doing business in adjacent markets and internationally and the differing risks posed by international sales;

• | changes in foreign national priorities and foreign government budgets;

• | the competitive environment for our products and services, including increased pricing pressures, aggressive pricing in the absence of cost realism evaluation criteria, competition from outside the aerospace and defense industry, and increased bid protests;

• | the timing and customer acceptance of product deliveries;

• | our ability to continue to innovate and develop new products and to attract and retain key personnel and transfer knowledge to new personnel; the impact of work stoppages or other labor disruptions;

• | the impact of cyber or other security threats or other disruptions to our businesses;

• | our ability to implement and continue, and the timing and impact of, capitalization changes such as share repurchases and dividend payments;

• | our ability to recover costs under U.S. Government contracts and changes in contract mix;

• | the accuracy of our estimates and projections;

• | timing and estimates regarding pension funding and movements in interest rates and other changes that may affect pension plan assumptions, stockholders’ equity, the level of the FAS/CAS adjustment and actual returns on pension plan assets;

• | the successful operation of ventures that we do not control and our ability to recover our investments;

• | realizing the anticipated benefits of acquisitions or divestitures, ventures, teaming arrangements or internal reorganizations;

• | our efforts to increase the efficiency of our operations and improve the affordability of our products and services;

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• | risk of an impairment of our assets, including the potential impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and inventory recorded as a result of the acquisition of the Sikorsky business and the potential further impairment of our equity investment in Advanced Military Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Center LLC (AMMROC);

• | the availability and adequacy of our insurance and indemnities;

• | the effect of changes in (or in the interpretation of) procurement and other regulations and policies affecting our industry, including export of our products, cost allowability or recovery, aggressive government positions on the use and ownership of intellectual property and potential changes to the DoD’s acquisition regulations relating to progress payments and performance-based payments and a preference for fixed-price contracts;

• | the effect of changes in accounting, taxation, or export laws, regulations, and policies; and

• | the outcome of legal proceedings, bid protests, environmental remediation efforts, government investigations or government allegations that we have failed to comply with law, other contingencies and U.S. Government identification of deficiencies in our business systems.

These are only some of the factors that may affect forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. For a discussion identifying additional important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, see our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) including, but not limited to, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Our filings may be accessed through the Investor Relations page of our website, www.lockheedmartin.com/investor, or through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.
Our actual financial results likely will be different from those projected due to the inherent nature of projections. Given these uncertainties, forward-looking statements should not be relied on in making investment decisions. The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of its filing. Except where required by applicable law, we expressly disclaim a duty to provide updates to forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q to reflect subsequent events, changed circumstances, changes in expectations, or the estimates and assumptions associated with them. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by the federal securities laws.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
We are a party to or have property subject to litigation and other proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including matters arising under provisions relating to protection of the environment, and are subject to contingencies related to certain businesses we previously owned. These types of matters could result in fines, penalties, compensatory or treble damages or non-monetary sanctions or relief. We believe the probability is remote that the outcome of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the corporation as a whole, notwithstanding that the unfavorable resolution of any matter may have a material effect on our net earnings in any particular interim reporting period. We cannot predict the outcome of legal or other proceedings with certainty. These matters include the proceedings summarized in “Note 8 – Legal Proceedings and Contingencies” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Note 14 – Legal Proceedings, Commitments and Contingencies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2018 Form 10-K) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign requirements for protection of the environment, including those for discharge of hazardous substances and remediation of contaminated sites. Due in part to their complexity and pervasiveness, such requirements have resulted in us being involved with related legal proceedings, claims and remediation obligations. The extent of our financial exposure cannot in all cases be reasonably estimated at this time. For information regarding these matters, including current estimates of the amounts that we believe are required for environmental remediation to the extent estimable, see “Note 8 – Legal Proceedings and Contingencies” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. See also “Critical Accounting Policies – Environmental Matters” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Note 14 – Legal Proceedings, Commitments and Contingencies”, each in our 2018 Form 10-K for a description of previously reported matters.
As a U.S. Government contractor, we are subject to various audits and investigations by the U.S. Government to determine whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. U.S. Government investigations of us, whether relating to government contracts or conducted for other reasons, could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, suspension, proposed debarment, debarment from eligibility for future U.S. Government contracting or suspension of export privileges. Suspension or debarment could have a material adverse effect on us because of our dependence on contracts with the U.S. Government. U.S. Government investigations often take years to complete and many result in no adverse action against us. We also provide products and services to customers outside of the U.S., which are subject to U.S. and foreign laws and regulations and foreign procurement policies and practices. Our compliance with local regulations or applicable U.S. Government regulations also may be audited or investigated.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our 2018 Form 10-K describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business, including U.S. Government funding, as further described in the “Industry Considerations” section of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, projected results and future prospects. Except for the risk factor discussed below, we do not believe that there have been any material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2018 Form 10-K.
U.S. Government sanctions on Turkey and Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows.
On July 17, 2019, the U.S. Government suspended Turkey’s participation in the F-35 program and initiated the process to formally remove Turkey from the program as a result of Turkey accepting delivery of the Russian S-400 air and missile defense system. In addition, on October 14, 2019, the President issued an executive order targeting Turkey, which authorized sanctions against persons contributing to the situation in Syria, and the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control announced sanctions against the Turkish Ministry of National Defence (MND) and the Turkish Minister of National Defence, among others, as a result of Turkey’s actions in Syria. Subsequently, on October 23, 2019, the President announced that the U.S. Government will lift such sanctions. However, additional sanctions could be imposed against Turkey, including as a result of legislation that has been proposed in both the U.S. House of
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Representatives and the U.S. Senate to impose a range of sanctions on Turkey for its actions in Syria. Sanctions could prohibit sales of defense articles to the Turkish military or cooperation and activity with companies that benefit the Turkish MND, among other things. In response, Turkey could implement retaliatory sanctions. We are monitoring these developments and the potential impacts of any sanctions and other actions regarding Turkey on the F-35 program and on our other programs involving Turkey. Depending on the scope and applicability of any sanctions or other actions, the impact could be material to our operations, operating results, financial position or cash flows.
Turkey is one of eight international partners on the F-35 program and previously committed to purchase up to 100 F-35 aircraft, of which four have been delivered to date to Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, and another 26 aircraft are currently in production or in backlog. For the aircraft in production or backlog, we have been working with the U.S. Government to ensure there are no interruptions in production and no adverse financial impacts to us as a result of Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program. Absent a change in the U.S. Government’s position on Turkey’s removal from the program, we will continue to seek to replace Turkey’s acquisition of additional aircraft with potential new customers or expand orders from existing partner countries.
Turkish suppliers also produce component parts for the F-35 program, many of which are sole-sourced. To minimize the risks of disruption of our supply chain and ensure continuity of F-35 production, we have been working closely with the DoD and supporting activities to identify and engage alternate suppliers for the component parts produced by Turkish suppliers. We have been moving toward this end but due to the procedure to qualify new parts, we have not completed that process and, therefore, this outcome is not yet assured. International sales of the F-35 are negotiated between the U.S. Government and international governments and Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program is a government-to-government matter. We will follow official U.S. Government guidance as it relates to delivery of F-35 aircraft to Turkey and the export and import of component parts from the Turkish supply chain.
The full effects of potential U.S. Government sanctions on Turkey and Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program cannot be determined at this time. However, these actions could impact the timing of orders, disrupt the production of aircraft, delay delivery of aircraft, disrupt delivery of sustainment components produced in Turkey and impact funding on the F-35 program to include the result of any reprogramming of funds that may be necessary to develop alternate sources for component parts made in Turkey. While, in the case of the F-35 program, we expect that these costs ultimately would be recovered from the U.S. Government, the availability or timing of any recovery could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
We have other programs involving sales to Turkey or work with Turkish industry, including Sikorsky Black Hawk helicopter production that is dependent on sole-source components from Turkish suppliers and the Turkish Utility Helicopter Program, which is a program to produce helicopters for the Turkish Armed Forces, that could be adversely affected by the imposition of sanctions on Turkey, and potential reciprocal actions. Depending on the terms and interpretation of any sanctions, certain of these activities could be determined to be prohibited, which could result in restrictions on exports or imports, losses of future sales, reductions in backlog, return of advance payments, costs to develop alternate supply sources, restrictions on payments, force majeure events or contract terminations. Such activity also could result in claims from our suppliers, which may include both the amount established in any settlement agreements, the costs of evaluating supplier settlement proposals and the costs of negotiating settlement agreements. These effects could have a material impact on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.
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ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
There were no sales of unregistered equity securities during the quarter ended September 29, 2019.
The following table provides information about our repurchases of our common stock that is registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the quarter ended September 29, 2019.

Period (a) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in millions)
July 1, 2019 – July 28, 2019 |  | 196,581 |  |  |  | $ | 364.40 |  |  |  | 195,947 |  |  | $ | 2,439 |  |
July 29, 2019 – August 25, 2019 |  | 191,094 |  |  |  | $ | 370.54 |  |  |  | 191,094 |  |  | $ | 2,368 |  |
August 26, 2019 – September 29, 2019 |  | 197,349 |  |  |  | $ | 385.10 |  |  |  | 197,349 |  |  | $ | 3,292 |  |
Total |  | 585,024 |  | (c) | $ | 373.39 |  |  |  | 584,390 |  |  |  |

(a) | We close our books and records on the last Sunday of each month to align our financial closing with our business processes, except for the month of December, as our fiscal year ends on December 31. As a result, our fiscal months often differ from the calendar months. For example, July 28, 2019 was the last day of our July 2019 fiscal month.

(b) | In October 2010, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program pursuant to which we are authorized to repurchase our common stock in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market at prices per share not exceeding the then-current market prices. From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes increases to our share repurchase program. The total remaining authorization for future common share repurchases under our share repurchase program was $3.3 billion as of September 29, 2019, including a $1.0 billion increase to the program authorized by our Board of Directors on September 26, 2019. Under the program, management has discretion to determine the dollar amount of shares to be repurchased and the timing of any repurchases in compliance with applicable law and regulation. This includes purchases pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, including accelerated share repurchases. The program does not have an expiration date.

(c) | During the quarter ended September 29, 2019, the total number of shares purchased included 634 shares that were transferred to us by employees in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock units. These purchases were made pursuant to a separate authorization by our Board of Directors and are not included within the program.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description
10.1 |  | Non-Employee Director Compensation Summary
10.2 |  | Extension Agreement dated as of August 24, 2019, by and among Lockheed Martin Corporation, the lenders listed therein, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Lockheed Martin Corporation’s Current Report on 8-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2019).
15 |  | Acknowledgment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1 |  | Certification of Marillyn A. Hewson pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | Certification of Kenneth R. Possenriede pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 |  | Certification of Marillyn A. Hewson and Kenneth R. Possenriede pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Lockheed Martin Corporation
|  | (Registrant)
Date: October 24, 2019 |  | By: /s/ Brian P. Colan
|  | Brian P. Colan
|  | Vice President and Controller
|  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Chief Accounting Officer)

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