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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Provision for Federal & Foreign Income Tax Expense | Federal and foreign income tax expense for continuing operations consisted of the following (in millions):
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Federal income tax expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 1,618 |  |  | $ | 1,325 |  |  | $ | 1,292 |
Deferred |  | (776) |  |  | (194) |  |  | 21 |
Total federal income tax expense |  | 842 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | 1,313 |
Foreign income tax expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | 87 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 50 |
Deferred |  | 19 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (16) |
Total foreign income tax expense |  | 106 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 34 |
Total federal and foreign income tax expense |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | $ | 1,347 |
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense Computed Using U.S. Statutory Federal Tax Rate to Actual Income Tax Expense | A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax expense to actual income tax expense for continuing operations is as follows (in millions):
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
|  | Amount |  | Rate |  | Amount |  | Rate |  | Amount |  | Rate
Income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate |  | $ | 1,403 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 1,585 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 1,729 |  |  | 21.0 | %
Research and development tax credit |  | (178) |  |  | (2.7) |  |  | (118) |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | (97) |  |  | (1.2) |
Foreign derived intangible income deduction |  | (176) |  |  | (2.6) |  |  | (170) |  |  | (2.3) |  |  | (170) |  |  | (2.1) |
Tax deductible dividends |  | (67) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (65) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (64) |  |  | (0.8) |
Excess tax benefits for stock-based payment awards |  | (42) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (52) |  |  | (0.6) |
Other, net |  | 8 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 948 |  |  | 14.2 | % |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | 16.4 | % |  | $ | 1,347 |  |  | 16.4 | %
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | The change in unrecognized tax benefits were as follows (in millions):
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 56 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  | 1,572 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 14 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  | 5 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 1 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  | (2) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (20) |
Settlements with tax authorities |  | (23) |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |
Other, net |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 1,622 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Components of Federal and Foreign Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The primary components of our federal and foreign deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
Deferred tax assets related to: |  |  |  |
Pensions |  | $ | 1,340 |  |  | $ | 1,985 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  | 718 |  |  | 957 |
Contract accounting methods |  | 510 |  |  | 470 |
Research and development expenditures |  | 2,268 |  |  | — |
Foreign company operating losses and credits |  | 20 |  |  | 40 |
Other (a) |  | 471 |  |  | 473 |
Valuation allowance |  | (31) |  |  | (15) |
Deferred tax assets, net |  | 5,296 |  |  | 3,910 |
Deferred tax liabilities related to: |  |  |  |
Goodwill and intangible assets |  | 449 |  |  | 401 |
Property, plant and equipment |  | 503 |  |  | 518 |
Exchanged debt securities and other (a) |  | 605 |  |  | 709 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  | 1,557 |  |  | 1,628 |
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 3,739 |  |  | $ | 2,282 |
(a)Includes deferred tax assets and liabilities related to lease liability and ROU asset.

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